SlideShare a Scribd company logo
1 of 29
Download to read offline
Event Driven Architecture
A	primer…	
	
@ShawnWallace
The Great Debate…
Monolith	First?	
http://martinfowler.com/bliki/MonolithFirst.html	
Micro	services	First?	
http://martinfowler.com/articles/dont-start-monolith.htm
Monolithic
Invoicing	 Inventory	
Logging	
Profiles	
Warehouse	
Orders
A problem with ‘Monolith First’
A	product	of	our	agile	approach	to	our	projects…smaller	features	
finished	earlier.		
The	goal	is	to	deploy	more	oCen…this	is	hard.	
One	soluDon	is	to	have	smaller	applicaDons.
Monolithic
Invoicing	 Inventory	
Logging	
Profiles	
Warehouse	
Orders
SOA
Orders	 Invoicing	 Inventory	
Logging	 Profiles	 Warehouse
SOA
Orders	 Invoicing	 Inventory	
Logging	 Profiles	 Warehouse	
Tightly	Coupled
SOA with Enterprise Service Bus
Orders	 Invoicing	 Inventory	
Logging	 Profiles	 Warehouse	
STILL	Tightly	Coupled	
Enterprise	Service	Bus
Event Driven Architecture
•  An	Event	is	represents	something	that	happens	in	a	domain	
•  Customer	Submits	Order	
•  Customer	Billed	
•  Payment	Received	
•  Order	Ready	for	Shipment	
•  Order	Shipped	
•  While	Events	and	their	payload	are	designed	at	the	enterprise	system	
level,	their	implementaDons	are	leC	to	the	specific	subsystems.
Event Driven Architecture
•  No	point-to-point	integraDons	
•  Loosely	coupled,	highly	scalable	systems	
•  Loosely	coupled,	TEAMS	
•  Easier	to	test	
•  Easier	to	change	
•  Topology	agnosDc
Loosely Coupled
Orders	 Invoicing	 Inventory	
Logging	 Profiles	 ReporDng	
Event	Bus
Easy to Integrate New Systems
Orders	 Invoicing	 Inventory	
Logging	 Profiles	 ReporDng	
Event	Bus	
New	System
Easy to Test
Inventory	
Inventory	
Inventory	
Scales
Orders	 Invoicing	 Inventory	
Logging	 Profiles	 ReporDng	
Event	Bus
The basic thesis of this article is that
organizations which design systems (in the broad
sense used here) are constrained to produce
designs which are copies of the communication
structures of these organizations.
--- Melvin Conway
Easily Modeled as a finite state diagram
Other benefits
•  Ease	of	3rd	party	integraDon	
•  ExisDng	systems	can	be	‘wrapped’	
•  Can	be	deliberate	about	scaling	
•  Fault	tolerant	
•  Event	messages	can	be	logged	and	‘replayed’	
•  Can	test	subsystems	in	isolaDon
A Retail System
Sales	 Logger	
Invoicing	 Shipping	 Warehouse	
Rabbit	MQ	Exchange
A Retail System – PlaLorm AgnosMc
Sales	 Logger	
Invoicing	 Shipping	 Warehouse	
Rabbit	MQ	Exchange
Order Accepted Event is generated
Sales	 Logger	
Invoicing	 Shipping	 Warehouse	
Rabbit	MQ	Exchange
Customer Billed Event
Sales	 Logger	
Invoicing	 Shipping	 Warehouse	
Rabbit	MQ	Exchange
Order Ready for Shipment Event
Sales	 Logger	
Invoicing	 Shipping	 Warehouse	
Rabbit	MQ	Exchange
Order Shipped
Sales	 Logger	
Invoicing	 Shipping	 Warehouse	
Rabbit	MQ	Exchange
Logger Consumes EVERY Event
Sales	 Logger	
Invoicing	 Shipping	 Warehouse	
Rabbit	MQ	Exchange
Logger Consumes EVERY Event
For Further Reading
•  THIS	presentaDon	(and	code)	on	GitHub		
hXps://github.com/shawnewallace/choreographed_process	
•  Stephan	Norberg	EDA	
hXp://www.infoq.com/presentaDons/Domain-Event-Driven-Architecture	
•  “Programming	Without	a	Call	Stack”		
hXp://www.enterpriseintegraDonpaXerns.com/docs/EDA.pdf	
•  “Event-Driven	Architecture	Overview”	
•  hXp://www.omg.org/soa/Uploaded%20Docs/EDA/bda2-2-06cc.pdf
Shawn Wallace
Work:
shawn.wallace@centricconsulting.com
Twitter: @ShawnWallace
Blog: blog.shawnewallace.com
http://www.about.me/shawnwallace
•  Event-driven	architecture	is	a	versaDle	approach	to	designing	
complex	soCware	systems.	These	systems	tend	to	be	easier	to	model	
for	an	organizaDon	as	EDA	embraces	Conway’s	Law	and	can	oCen	be	
modeled	as	a	finite	state	machine.	Event-driven	architecture	is	not	a	
new	concept,	but	as	more	organizaDons	embrace	micro	services,	this	
approach	to	system	design	has	become	appropriate	in	more	
situaDons.	In	this	talk	we’ll:	introduce	event-driven	architecture,	talk	
about	key	components,	look	at	a	sample	implementaDon	of	a	retail	
system.

More Related Content

What's hot

Event Driven Architecture (EDA) Reference Architecture | Anbu Krishnaswamy
Event Driven Architecture (EDA) Reference Architecture | Anbu KrishnaswamyEvent Driven Architecture (EDA) Reference Architecture | Anbu Krishnaswamy
Event Driven Architecture (EDA) Reference Architecture | Anbu Krishnaswamy
Bob Rhubart
 

What's hot (20)

Event Driven Architecture (EDA) Reference Architecture
Event Driven Architecture (EDA) Reference ArchitectureEvent Driven Architecture (EDA) Reference Architecture
Event Driven Architecture (EDA) Reference Architecture
 
Event-driven architecture
Event-driven architectureEvent-driven architecture
Event-driven architecture
 
Microservice Architecture
Microservice ArchitectureMicroservice Architecture
Microservice Architecture
 
Event-driven microservices
Event-driven microservicesEvent-driven microservices
Event-driven microservices
 
Building Event Driven (Micro)services with Apache Kafka
Building Event Driven (Micro)services with Apache KafkaBuilding Event Driven (Micro)services with Apache Kafka
Building Event Driven (Micro)services with Apache Kafka
 
Event Sourcing & CQRS, Kafka, Rabbit MQ
Event Sourcing & CQRS, Kafka, Rabbit MQEvent Sourcing & CQRS, Kafka, Rabbit MQ
Event Sourcing & CQRS, Kafka, Rabbit MQ
 
Event Driven Microservices architecture
Event Driven Microservices architectureEvent Driven Microservices architecture
Event Driven Microservices architecture
 
Mistakes - I’ve made a few. Blunders in event-driven architecture | Simon Aub...
Mistakes - I’ve made a few. Blunders in event-driven architecture | Simon Aub...Mistakes - I’ve made a few. Blunders in event-driven architecture | Simon Aub...
Mistakes - I’ve made a few. Blunders in event-driven architecture | Simon Aub...
 
Event Driven-Architecture from a Scalability perspective
Event Driven-Architecture from a Scalability perspectiveEvent Driven-Architecture from a Scalability perspective
Event Driven-Architecture from a Scalability perspective
 
Introduction to Microservices
Introduction to MicroservicesIntroduction to Microservices
Introduction to Microservices
 
Communication in a Microservice Architecture
Communication in a Microservice ArchitectureCommunication in a Microservice Architecture
Communication in a Microservice Architecture
 
Event-Driven Transformation in Banking and FSI
Event-Driven Transformation in Banking and FSIEvent-Driven Transformation in Banking and FSI
Event-Driven Transformation in Banking and FSI
 
Event Driven Architecture (EDA) Reference Architecture | Anbu Krishnaswamy
Event Driven Architecture (EDA) Reference Architecture | Anbu KrishnaswamyEvent Driven Architecture (EDA) Reference Architecture | Anbu Krishnaswamy
Event Driven Architecture (EDA) Reference Architecture | Anbu Krishnaswamy
 
Microservices Docker Kubernetes Istio Kanban DevOps SRE
Microservices Docker Kubernetes Istio Kanban DevOps SREMicroservices Docker Kubernetes Istio Kanban DevOps SRE
Microservices Docker Kubernetes Istio Kanban DevOps SRE
 
Saga about distributed business transactions in microservices world
Saga about distributed business transactions in microservices worldSaga about distributed business transactions in microservices world
Saga about distributed business transactions in microservices world
 
Amazon Kinesis
Amazon KinesisAmazon Kinesis
Amazon Kinesis
 
Cloud Native Applications Maturity Model
Cloud Native Applications Maturity ModelCloud Native Applications Maturity Model
Cloud Native Applications Maturity Model
 
Best Practices for Streaming IoT Data with MQTT and Apache Kafka
Best Practices for Streaming IoT Data with MQTT and Apache KafkaBest Practices for Streaming IoT Data with MQTT and Apache Kafka
Best Practices for Streaming IoT Data with MQTT and Apache Kafka
 
Microservices Architecture - Bangkok 2018
Microservices Architecture - Bangkok 2018Microservices Architecture - Bangkok 2018
Microservices Architecture - Bangkok 2018
 
Design patterns for microservice architecture
Design patterns for microservice architectureDesign patterns for microservice architecture
Design patterns for microservice architecture
 

Viewers also liked

Event driven architecture in practice
Event driven architecture in practiceEvent driven architecture in practice
Event driven architecture in practice
mimmozzo_
 

Viewers also liked (19)

Bad metric, bad!
Bad metric, bad!Bad metric, bad!
Bad metric, bad!
 
Building Out Business Process Capabilities With Business Process Centers of E...
Building Out Business Process Capabilities With Business Process Centers of E...Building Out Business Process Capabilities With Business Process Centers of E...
Building Out Business Process Capabilities With Business Process Centers of E...
 
Rise of the Wearables
Rise of the WearablesRise of the Wearables
Rise of the Wearables
 
Reclaiming Agile Development
Reclaiming Agile Development Reclaiming Agile Development
Reclaiming Agile Development
 
The Art & Science of LifeCycle Marketing
The Art & Science of LifeCycle MarketingThe Art & Science of LifeCycle Marketing
The Art & Science of LifeCycle Marketing
 
DevOps: Sprinkle Dev, Sprinkle Ops, Let's make Cake, not Mud Pies
DevOps: Sprinkle Dev, Sprinkle Ops, Let's make Cake, not Mud PiesDevOps: Sprinkle Dev, Sprinkle Ops, Let's make Cake, not Mud Pies
DevOps: Sprinkle Dev, Sprinkle Ops, Let's make Cake, not Mud Pies
 
Metrics on the Money: The Art & Science of Change Measurement
Metrics on the Money: The Art & Science of Change MeasurementMetrics on the Money: The Art & Science of Change Measurement
Metrics on the Money: The Art & Science of Change Measurement
 
Marketing Automation Done Right 2017
Marketing Automation Done Right 2017Marketing Automation Done Right 2017
Marketing Automation Done Right 2017
 
Finally, A Voice for the Enterprise!
Finally, A Voice for the Enterprise!Finally, A Voice for the Enterprise!
Finally, A Voice for the Enterprise!
 
Thinking Fast and Slow
Thinking Fast and SlowThinking Fast and Slow
Thinking Fast and Slow
 
Business Process Excellence: Building Out Business Process Capabilities
Business Process Excellence: Building Out Business Process CapabilitiesBusiness Process Excellence: Building Out Business Process Capabilities
Business Process Excellence: Building Out Business Process Capabilities
 
How to Run a Hackathon
How to Run a HackathonHow to Run a Hackathon
How to Run a Hackathon
 
Mann india SAP Service Offerings- IS Retail
Mann india SAP Service Offerings- IS RetailMann india SAP Service Offerings- IS Retail
Mann india SAP Service Offerings- IS Retail
 
Event driven architecture in practice
Event driven architecture in practiceEvent driven architecture in practice
Event driven architecture in practice
 
Micro-Location with Beacons
Micro-Location with BeaconsMicro-Location with Beacons
Micro-Location with Beacons
 
Microservices Application Simplicity Infrastructure Complexity
Microservices Application Simplicity Infrastructure ComplexityMicroservices Application Simplicity Infrastructure Complexity
Microservices Application Simplicity Infrastructure Complexity
 
Developing event-driven microservices with event sourcing and CQRS (Shanghai)
Developing event-driven microservices with event sourcing and CQRS (Shanghai)Developing event-driven microservices with event sourcing and CQRS (Shanghai)
Developing event-driven microservices with event sourcing and CQRS (Shanghai)
 
Whitepaper : Event Driven Micro Services
Whitepaper : Event Driven Micro ServicesWhitepaper : Event Driven Micro Services
Whitepaper : Event Driven Micro Services
 
Developing event-driven microservices with event sourcing and CQRS (svcc, sv...
Developing event-driven microservices with event sourcing and CQRS  (svcc, sv...Developing event-driven microservices with event sourcing and CQRS  (svcc, sv...
Developing event-driven microservices with event sourcing and CQRS (svcc, sv...
 

Similar to Event-driven Architecture

adopt_soa.94145841
adopt_soa.94145841adopt_soa.94145841
adopt_soa.94145841
ypai
 
Jhl case study soa platform in practice short 2011 09-27 (hs)
Jhl case study soa platform in practice short 2011 09-27 (hs)Jhl case study soa platform in practice short 2011 09-27 (hs)
Jhl case study soa platform in practice short 2011 09-27 (hs)
Ambientia
 
Go beyond job schedulng webcast part 1
Go beyond job schedulng webcast part 1Go beyond job schedulng webcast part 1
Go beyond job schedulng webcast part 1
David Resnic
 
DevOps and the cloud: all hail the (developer) king - Daniel Bryant, Steve Poole
DevOps and the cloud: all hail the (developer) king - Daniel Bryant, Steve PooleDevOps and the cloud: all hail the (developer) king - Daniel Bryant, Steve Poole
DevOps and the cloud: all hail the (developer) king - Daniel Bryant, Steve Poole
JAXLondon_Conference
 

Similar to Event-driven Architecture (20)

StackEngine Demo - Boston
StackEngine Demo - BostonStackEngine Demo - Boston
StackEngine Demo - Boston
 
Integrating microservices in the cloud
Integrating microservices in the cloudIntegrating microservices in the cloud
Integrating microservices in the cloud
 
Camunda Day Amsterdam 2019: Workflow Automation in Microservices Architecture...
Camunda Day Amsterdam 2019: Workflow Automation in Microservices Architecture...Camunda Day Amsterdam 2019: Workflow Automation in Microservices Architecture...
Camunda Day Amsterdam 2019: Workflow Automation in Microservices Architecture...
 
Open source containers built for real time interactions
Open source containers built for real time interactionsOpen source containers built for real time interactions
Open source containers built for real time interactions
 
adopt_soa.94145841
adopt_soa.94145841adopt_soa.94145841
adopt_soa.94145841
 
Jhl case study soa platform in practice short 2011 09-27 (hs)
Jhl case study soa platform in practice short 2011 09-27 (hs)Jhl case study soa platform in practice short 2011 09-27 (hs)
Jhl case study soa platform in practice short 2011 09-27 (hs)
 
Monoliths, Migrations, and Microservices
Monoliths, Migrations, and MicroservicesMonoliths, Migrations, and Microservices
Monoliths, Migrations, and Microservices
 
Tech democracy ms compsci recruitment brochure aug 22nd 2011
Tech democracy ms compsci recruitment brochure  aug 22nd 2011Tech democracy ms compsci recruitment brochure  aug 22nd 2011
Tech democracy ms compsci recruitment brochure aug 22nd 2011
 
Service fabric demo
Service fabric demoService fabric demo
Service fabric demo
 
Startups without Servers
Startups without ServersStartups without Servers
Startups without Servers
 
Containers and VMs and Clouds: Oh My. by Mike Coleman
Containers and VMs and Clouds: Oh My. by Mike ColemanContainers and VMs and Clouds: Oh My. by Mike Coleman
Containers and VMs and Clouds: Oh My. by Mike Coleman
 
Cloud Services Corporate Presentation
Cloud Services Corporate PresentationCloud Services Corporate Presentation
Cloud Services Corporate Presentation
 
Go beyond job schedulng webcast part 1
Go beyond job schedulng webcast part 1Go beyond job schedulng webcast part 1
Go beyond job schedulng webcast part 1
 
Innovating with AWS: How Microservices on AWS Can Transform Your Business
Innovating with AWS: How Microservices on AWS Can Transform Your BusinessInnovating with AWS: How Microservices on AWS Can Transform Your Business
Innovating with AWS: How Microservices on AWS Can Transform Your Business
 
JAXLondon 2015 "DevOps and the Cloud: All Hail the (Developer) King"
JAXLondon 2015 "DevOps and the Cloud: All Hail the (Developer) King"JAXLondon 2015 "DevOps and the Cloud: All Hail the (Developer) King"
JAXLondon 2015 "DevOps and the Cloud: All Hail the (Developer) King"
 
When Developers Operate and Operators Develop
When Developers Operate and Operators DevelopWhen Developers Operate and Operators Develop
When Developers Operate and Operators Develop
 
DevOps and the cloud: all hail the (developer) king - Daniel Bryant, Steve Poole
DevOps and the cloud: all hail the (developer) king - Daniel Bryant, Steve PooleDevOps and the cloud: all hail the (developer) king - Daniel Bryant, Steve Poole
DevOps and the cloud: all hail the (developer) king - Daniel Bryant, Steve Poole
 
Master the flow of microservices - because your business is more complex than...
Master the flow of microservices - because your business is more complex than...Master the flow of microservices - because your business is more complex than...
Master the flow of microservices - because your business is more complex than...
 
StackEngine Demo - Docker Austin
StackEngine Demo - Docker AustinStackEngine Demo - Docker Austin
StackEngine Demo - Docker Austin
 
From Monoliths to Services: Grafually paying your Technical Debt
From Monoliths to Services: Grafually paying your Technical DebtFrom Monoliths to Services: Grafually paying your Technical Debt
From Monoliths to Services: Grafually paying your Technical Debt
 

Recently uploaded

Why Teams call analytics are critical to your entire business
Why Teams call analytics are critical to your entire businessWhy Teams call analytics are critical to your entire business
Why Teams call analytics are critical to your entire business
panagenda
 
+971581248768>> SAFE AND ORIGINAL ABORTION PILLS FOR SALE IN DUBAI AND ABUDHA...
+971581248768>> SAFE AND ORIGINAL ABORTION PILLS FOR SALE IN DUBAI AND ABUDHA...+971581248768>> SAFE AND ORIGINAL ABORTION PILLS FOR SALE IN DUBAI AND ABUDHA...
+971581248768>> SAFE AND ORIGINAL ABORTION PILLS FOR SALE IN DUBAI AND ABUDHA...
?#DUbAI#??##{{(☎️+971_581248768%)**%*]'#abortion pills for sale in dubai@
 
Finding Java's Hidden Performance Traps @ DevoxxUK 2024
Finding Java's Hidden Performance Traps @ DevoxxUK 2024Finding Java's Hidden Performance Traps @ DevoxxUK 2024
Finding Java's Hidden Performance Traps @ DevoxxUK 2024
Victor Rentea
 
Cloud Frontiers: A Deep Dive into Serverless Spatial Data and FME
Cloud Frontiers:  A Deep Dive into Serverless Spatial Data and FMECloud Frontiers:  A Deep Dive into Serverless Spatial Data and FME
Cloud Frontiers: A Deep Dive into Serverless Spatial Data and FME
Safe Software
 
Architecting Cloud Native Applications
Architecting Cloud Native ApplicationsArchitecting Cloud Native Applications
Architecting Cloud Native Applications
WSO2
 

Recently uploaded (20)

Apidays New York 2024 - Scaling API-first by Ian Reasor and Radu Cotescu, Adobe
Apidays New York 2024 - Scaling API-first by Ian Reasor and Radu Cotescu, AdobeApidays New York 2024 - Scaling API-first by Ian Reasor and Radu Cotescu, Adobe
Apidays New York 2024 - Scaling API-first by Ian Reasor and Radu Cotescu, Adobe
 
Spring Boot vs Quarkus the ultimate battle - DevoxxUK
Spring Boot vs Quarkus the ultimate battle - DevoxxUKSpring Boot vs Quarkus the ultimate battle - DevoxxUK
Spring Boot vs Quarkus the ultimate battle - DevoxxUK
 
Manulife - Insurer Transformation Award 2024
Manulife - Insurer Transformation Award 2024Manulife - Insurer Transformation Award 2024
Manulife - Insurer Transformation Award 2024
 
Why Teams call analytics are critical to your entire business
Why Teams call analytics are critical to your entire businessWhy Teams call analytics are critical to your entire business
Why Teams call analytics are critical to your entire business
 
Ransomware_Q4_2023. The report. [EN].pdf
Ransomware_Q4_2023. The report. [EN].pdfRansomware_Q4_2023. The report. [EN].pdf
Ransomware_Q4_2023. The report. [EN].pdf
 
+971581248768>> SAFE AND ORIGINAL ABORTION PILLS FOR SALE IN DUBAI AND ABUDHA...
+971581248768>> SAFE AND ORIGINAL ABORTION PILLS FOR SALE IN DUBAI AND ABUDHA...+971581248768>> SAFE AND ORIGINAL ABORTION PILLS FOR SALE IN DUBAI AND ABUDHA...
+971581248768>> SAFE AND ORIGINAL ABORTION PILLS FOR SALE IN DUBAI AND ABUDHA...
 
Apidays New York 2024 - Passkeys: Developing APIs to enable passwordless auth...
Apidays New York 2024 - Passkeys: Developing APIs to enable passwordless auth...Apidays New York 2024 - Passkeys: Developing APIs to enable passwordless auth...
Apidays New York 2024 - Passkeys: Developing APIs to enable passwordless auth...
 
MS Copilot expands with MS Graph connectors
MS Copilot expands with MS Graph connectorsMS Copilot expands with MS Graph connectors
MS Copilot expands with MS Graph connectors
 
MINDCTI Revenue Release Quarter One 2024
MINDCTI Revenue Release Quarter One 2024MINDCTI Revenue Release Quarter One 2024
MINDCTI Revenue Release Quarter One 2024
 
Repurposing LNG terminals for Hydrogen Ammonia: Feasibility and Cost Saving
Repurposing LNG terminals for Hydrogen Ammonia: Feasibility and Cost SavingRepurposing LNG terminals for Hydrogen Ammonia: Feasibility and Cost Saving
Repurposing LNG terminals for Hydrogen Ammonia: Feasibility and Cost Saving
 
[BuildWithAI] Introduction to Gemini.pdf
[BuildWithAI] Introduction to Gemini.pdf[BuildWithAI] Introduction to Gemini.pdf
[BuildWithAI] Introduction to Gemini.pdf
 
Finding Java's Hidden Performance Traps @ DevoxxUK 2024
Finding Java's Hidden Performance Traps @ DevoxxUK 2024Finding Java's Hidden Performance Traps @ DevoxxUK 2024
Finding Java's Hidden Performance Traps @ DevoxxUK 2024
 
AXA XL - Insurer Innovation Award Americas 2024
AXA XL - Insurer Innovation Award Americas 2024AXA XL - Insurer Innovation Award Americas 2024
AXA XL - Insurer Innovation Award Americas 2024
 
FWD Group - Insurer Innovation Award 2024
FWD Group - Insurer Innovation Award 2024FWD Group - Insurer Innovation Award 2024
FWD Group - Insurer Innovation Award 2024
 
ICT role in 21st century education and its challenges
ICT role in 21st century education and its challengesICT role in 21st century education and its challenges
ICT role in 21st century education and its challenges
 
Cloud Frontiers: A Deep Dive into Serverless Spatial Data and FME
Cloud Frontiers:  A Deep Dive into Serverless Spatial Data and FMECloud Frontiers:  A Deep Dive into Serverless Spatial Data and FME
Cloud Frontiers: A Deep Dive into Serverless Spatial Data and FME
 
Connector Corner: Accelerate revenue generation using UiPath API-centric busi...
Connector Corner: Accelerate revenue generation using UiPath API-centric busi...Connector Corner: Accelerate revenue generation using UiPath API-centric busi...
Connector Corner: Accelerate revenue generation using UiPath API-centric busi...
 
presentation ICT roal in 21st century education
presentation ICT roal in 21st century educationpresentation ICT roal in 21st century education
presentation ICT roal in 21st century education
 
How to Troubleshoot Apps for the Modern Connected Worker
How to Troubleshoot Apps for the Modern Connected WorkerHow to Troubleshoot Apps for the Modern Connected Worker
How to Troubleshoot Apps for the Modern Connected Worker
 
Architecting Cloud Native Applications
Architecting Cloud Native ApplicationsArchitecting Cloud Native Applications
Architecting Cloud Native Applications
 

Event-driven Architecture