Structured Cabling Technologies
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This document discusses structured cabling networks. It describes open versus closed cabling systems, with open systems being more flexible and allowing voice, video, and data over the same cable. It also discusses backbone and horizontal cabling, topologies like bus, ring and star, benefits like flexibility and lower costs, standards organizations, color coding, and installation practices. The key advantages of structured cabling are flexibility, future-proofing, easy moves and changes, and simplicity.
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Structured Cabling Technologies
- 1. ” “Overview Structured Cabling Technologies What are structure cabling networks Closed vs. Open structures Backbone and Horizontal cable Installed environments Different types and compare and contrast them Benefits Color coding and Wiring sequence Installation practices
- 2. Structured Cabling Cabling system that allows constant moves and changes to be performed by on site personnel Growth and flexibility built into the cabling scheme Can be either proprietary (closed) or non proprietary (open)
- 3. Open System Architecture Closed systems are proprietary to a particular vendor or system Open system give greater flexibility by being applications and vendor independent. Why open Facility to run voice, video, data service over same cable. Investment protects On site personnel can perform their own shifts and changes, thus reducing the cost of ownership Closed vs. Open
- 4. Backbone Backbone & Horizontal cabling Horizontal
- 6. Topologies
- 7. Topology | Advantages •Inexpensive to maintain •Requires less cable •Does not require extensive training •Good choice for small networks Bus •Provides equal access for all devices on the ring •Easier to manage and maintain than bus topology •Easier to manage and maintain than bus topology •Handles high volume traffic well Ring •Easy to install and upgrade •Central hub makes troubleshooting easy •Easier to manage and maintain that bus and ring topologiesStar
- 8. Topology | disadvantages •Difficult to isolate malfunctions because of series connections •When one device fails, all devices fail •Heavy traffic causes considerable slowdowns and network crashes Bus •Difficult to isolate malfunctions •Expansion of network disrupts services for allRing •Hub failure causes entire network to go down •More expensive for cablingStar
- 9. Benefits of structured cabling Greater flexibility Future-proof solution Easy, low cost moves and changes Simpler to manage No downtime when reconnecting equipments Independent of protocol and network technologies
- 10. Standards & Terminology Standard organizations IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) ISO (International Standards Organization) ANSI/EIA/TIA
- 11. UTP Color Coding The purpose of giving color codes to identify each pair easily. Both UTP and STP confirms this standard Wiring sequence The cable color code is the 568B standard on each end of a straight-through 10/100BaseT cable. If a crossover cable is needed, use the 568A standard on one end and 568B on the other end Use a straight thru cable assembly,568B on both ends when connecting Hub to Xcvr or NIC Card. When connecting hub to hub, Xcvr to Xcvr, or NIC to NIC, the wires must crossover at the opposite end of the cable assembly,use the 568B on one end, 568A on the other end
- 12. Elements of structured cabling systems UTP cables UTP CAT 5 UTP CAT 6e STP CAT 5e UTP patch panel Z-Max 6 Z-Max 6A CAT 6 UTP Wall Outlet CAT 5 CAT 6 CAT 7 UTP Patch code & Adapters CAT 5e RJ 45 Cable Management Panel 558329-1 ICCMSCMA42
- 13. Installation practices Types of pathways Conduit Under Floor Suspended Ceiling Cable tray
- 14. Summery People make the difference Method depends on problem domain Open structure is widely used Design concepts Standards applicable Color coding approaches for identification
- 15. References [1] “Structured Cabling”. Arp 17 2010. Available http://www.slideshare.net/chrismcandrew/structured-cabling. [Accessed: Aug 1, 2014]. [2] Structured Cabling Systems. [E-book] Available: http://k- 12.pisd.edu/currinst/network/if1_4st.pdf [Accessed: 2 Aug 2014].
Editor's Notes
- Here we focus on both logical and physical arrangements of networks. Topologies described include bus, ring, star and hybrid etc… In order to design, install, troubleshoot, and maintain networks administrators must have a good understanding of these topologies and cabling structures.
- A structured cabling system allows moves, adds and changes to occur quickly and cost effectively. Prevents the downtime of the network. And thereby can save substantial amount of money. An average network crashes 20 times per year, 70% time due to inferior cabling.
- Proprietary Cabling System Has specific design parameters and is dependent on network technology and/or vendor equipment which requires specific connectors and cable. Open Cabling System Has universal cabling design which will support all LAN protocols and traditional telephony. Applicable standards for Open system ANSI/TIA/EIA-568A ANSI/TIA/EIA-569 ANSI/TIA/EIA-606 ISO/IEC/IS-11801
- Backbone cabling Backbone cabling is the wiring that runs vertically between floors and/or between equipment rooms. Backbone cabling provides the interconnections between equipment rooms and the building entrance site, including cross-connects, patch cords, and terminators. Backbone cabling can also extend between buildings. When planning a network it is a good idea to double or even triple the length of backbone cable that is needed for installation. This provides for expansion and the ability to run redundant connections. Horizontal cabling Horizontal cable is the physical media that runs from the wall jack at the workstation outlet to the termination in the equipment room. It also includes the cable run from the wall outlet to the workstation, and the cable in equipment closets that connects hubs, switches, and so on. These short pieces of cable are called patch cords or patch cable. There is a 3- meter limit from the wall jack to the workstation and a 6-meter limit between equipment in the telecommunications closet
- Outlet provision Each work area should have minimum of two outlets A work area should be assumed to be approximately 10 square metres
- Note: Here, we are mainly discussing on three main topologies Bus topology Bus topology requires less cable than other topologies since it is a continuous series and not a point-to-point network. This keeps the costs down. Extending bus topology is accomplished by joining two cable segments with a connector or by adding repeaters. This can create transmission delays and errors. Technically speaking, bus networks are easy to use and understand and do not require extensive training. As networks grow, the excess traffic can slow the network or cause it to crash. All of these factors made it an excellent topology choice for small workplace and home networks in the primary stages of networking. Ring topology Like bus topology, all computer devices are connected to the same cable segment. However, it is one continuous connection with no beginning or end point. Termination is not required. The signal flows in only one direction in ring topology and each device in the ring receives the signal and examines it. If the transmission is not intended for that device, the signal is regenerated and passed on to the next device in the ring. Star topology Star topology is a point-to-point architectural design where all computer devices are connected to a central hub, through which all data signals must travel. There are both active and passive hubs. Passive hubs send data without amplification; active hubs amplify data signals.
- Note: only three have discussed here
- Note: only three have discussed here
- Greater flexibility Replaces multiple wiring systems with a single, unified infrastructure that carries data in any format, from voice to video. Whether you want to connect a PC, telephone or fax, you simply plug in the appropriate adapter to the socket. Future-proof solution It has the ability to carry high bandwidth which means you are investing in a solution that will be able to support emerging applications. You're safe in the knowledge that your cabling infrastructure won't become out-dated in a couple of years. Easy, low cost moves and changes You can make moves and changes in a matter of minutes. Whether it is an individual changing desks or an entire department restructuring and moving floors, they simply plug-in and get back to work straightaway. This in-built flexibility means your organisation can save time and money. Simpler to manage It makes sense to invest in a single cabling infrastructure. Not only is it more cost effective than investing in two discrete cabling networks, it is generally much easier to manage.
- ANSI/EIA/TIA – American National Standards Institute / Electrical Industries Association/Telecommunication Industries Association Consortium of manufacturers, vendors, users and other interested parties responsible for the family of standards associated with design, installation and use of structured Cabling Systems. ISO/IEC 11801 ISO/IEC 11801 : IT- Cabling for customer premise ISO/IEC 14763-1 : Administration, documentation, records ISO/IEC 14763-2 : Planning and Installation practices ISO/IEC 14763-3 : Testing of optical fibre cabling IEC 61935-1 : Testing of copper cabling
- There are two popular wiring schemes that most people use today: the T-568A and T-568B. These differ only in which color-coded pairs are connected -- pairs 2 and 3 are reversed. Both work equally well, as long as you don't mix them. If we always use only one version, we're okay, but if we mix A and B in a cable run, we will get crossed pairs.
- The structured cabling consists of the following components: active routers, switches passive cables, interconnecting panels, distribution boxes
- Conduit cabling Both outside plant and in-building communications cable are often placed in conduit or duct. The conduit provides protection from both physical and environmental abuse. In underground installation, conduit protects cable from shifting rocks, aggressive rodents, and/or damage from hand shovels. Underground cable that is in conduit is easy to replace or upgrade. The old cable can be pulled out of the conduit and the new pulled in without extensive and expensive digging. Under Floor When running underground cable, the only kind of cable to use is type UF (underground feeder) electrical cable. Suspended ceiling This is a stable of modern construction and architecture in both residential and commercial applications. Cable tray In the electrical wiring of buildings, a cable tray system is used to support insulated electric cables used for power distribution and communication. Cable trays are used as an alternative to open wiring or electrical conduit systems, and are commonly used for cable management in commercial and industrial construction.
- Application of theoretical learning in the real work scenarios.
- Reference links