5. 貳、文獻探討-1
5
資料來源:Spivack, N. (2007). Web 3.0 – The Best Official Definition Imaginable. Available from:
http://www.novaspivack.com/technology/web-3-0-the-best-official-definition-imaginable. Last access
2016/4/7.
6. 貳、文獻探討-2
6
Web 1.0
• Closed
• Individual
Publishing
• One-Way
Communication
• Passive
Involvement
• Read-Only Content
• Personal Websites
Web 2.0
• Collaborative
• Group
Participation
• Two-Way
Communication
• Active
Involvement
• User-Generated
Content
• Blogging
Web 3.0
• Semantic Web
• Sites where
computers will be
generated raw data
on their own
• Devices will be
able to exchange
data between each
other and even
generate new
information.
資料來源:Matusky, R. (2015). Web 2.0 vs. Web 3.0 – What Really is the Difference. Available from:
http://randymatusky.com/2015/04/03/web-2-0-vs-web-3-0-what-really-is-the-difference/. Last access
2016/4/7.
Markup
Vocabulary
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7
資料來源:W3C (2015). Vocabularies. Available from: https://www.w3.org/standards/semanticweb/ontology. Last
access 2016/4/7.
Schema.org (2016). About Schema.org. Available from: https://schema.org/docs/faq.html#0. Last access
2016/4/7.
• What is a Vocabulary?
- Define the concepts and relationships.
- Classify the terms that can be used in a particular application.
- Characterize possible relationships.
- Define possible constraints on using those terms.
- The basic building blocks for inference techniques on the Semantic Web.
• What are Vocabularies Used For?
- Help data integration.
- Organize knowledge.
Shared
markup
vocabulary
Easier to find
relevant
information
Enable new
tools and
applications
Semantic
Web
8. 貳、文獻探討-4
8
資料來源:Guha, R. V., Brickley, D., & Macbeth, S. (2015). Schema.org: Evolution of Structured Data on the Web.
Available from: http://queue.acm.org/detail.cfm?id=2857276. Last access 2016/4/7.
• Markup Vocabulary
Before 1997:
- XML
- MCF
1997~2004
- RDF
- RDFS
- OWL
- RSS
- vCard/hCard
- IETF
- FOAF
After 2011
- Schema.org
9. 貳、文獻探討-5
9
資料來源:schema.org. (2016). About Schema.org. Available from: https://schema.org/docs/faq.html#0. Last access:
2016/4/7.
Guha, R. V., Brickley, D., & Macbeth, S. (2015). Schema.org: Evolution of Structured Data on the Web.
Available from: http://queue.acm.org/detail.cfm?id=2857276. Last access 2016/4/7.
• Why schema.org?
- 2011 created by all the major search engines: Google, Bing, Yandex, Yahoo!
- Inspired by earlier work like Microformats, FOAF, OpenCyc, etc.
- Came through collaborations
- Applications:
22%
31.30%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
2014 2015
schema.org markup
Sample: 10 billion pages from a combination of the Google index
and Web Data Commons
Source: https://www.data.gov/developers/blog/support-
schemaorg-datagov. Last access: 2016/4/7