Presentation used at the PDD2014 Conference on "Contemporary difficulties and future prospects for participatory and deliberative democracy". Newcastle upon Tyne, 9-11 July 2014

1. Participation Schemas
A tool to characterize
Collaborative Participation
Dr. Pedro Prieto Martín
Computer Science Dept., Universidad de Alcalá
Founder of CitYsens
9-11 July 2014
Culture Lab
Newcastle upon Tyne
Get the paper at: http://bit.ly/participation-schemas
Other stuff: http://bit.ly/prieto-martin

2. Pedro Prieto-Martín, UAH
1
• nth revision of Arnstein ladder of citizen
participation
• Identify the most important dimensions of a
participatory initiative, standardizing their graphic
representation
• Framework for the analysis, design and comparison
of participatory cases and methods.
• Pragmatic compromise between complexity, utility
and versatility
• Support the critical and comparative evaluation of
participatory projects and initiatives by raising
awareness about their strengths and weakneses
What are Participatory Schemas
βeta

3. Pedro Prieto-Martín, UAH
1. WHAT – Intensity of Collaboration
6. Delegated Control
5. Delegated Power
4. Collaboration
3. Advisement
2. Consultation
1. Information
0. Manipulation
1. Legitimate coercion
2. Illegal Duress
Collaborative
Participation
3. WHERE – Institutionalization level:
1. Low: "Sporadic“, "Episodic“
2. Medium: "Periodic“, "Continuous"
3. High: “Functional Inst.” and “Organic Inst.”
Non-
Participation
Consultative
Participation
-
-
Conflict
Transparency
Cliff
SIX Dimensions of Participatory Schemas
2. WHEN – Phases (ex. Policy Cycle):
1. Agenda Setting
2. Policy Formulation
3. Decision Making
4. Policy Implementation
5. Monitoring and evaluation
4. WHO – Actors involvement:
1. Type: Political, Corporate, Civil Society, Others
2. Stakes & Special Roles:
- Affected, Interested,
Participant, Influencer
- Decision maker, Promoter,
Facilitator
3. Selection methods:
- Inclusiveness, Representativeness,
Self-selection, Others
5. HOW – Deliberativeness & Transparency:
1. None 1. None
2. Low 2. Low
3. Medium 3. Medium
4. High 4. High
βeta

4. Pedro Prieto-Martín, UAH
2005: My year in the ‘Land of Light’
3
• Applied research on how
to use ICT to improve local
participation
• Got involved in the
introduction of…
Participatory Budgeting!!!

5. Pedro Prieto-Martín, UAH
4
Fortaleza’s 2005 Participatory Budgeting

6. Pedro Prieto-Martín, UAH
Fortaleza’s 2005 Participatory Budgetingdeliberative
5

7. Pedro Prieto-Martín, UAH
6
Fortaleza’s 2005 Participatory Budgetingdeliberative

8. Pedro Prieto-Martín, UAH
Fortaleza’s 2005 Participatory Budgetingmanipulative
- Conceptual
negligence
- Execution
negligence
- Design
negligence
- Dificulties
7

9. Pedro Prieto-Martín, UAH
Fortaleza’s 2005 Participatory Budgeting
8

10. Pedro Prieto-Martín, UAH
PARTICIPATO
RYBUDGETING
?
9(Karsten 2011, Brodie et al. 2009, Cornwall 2008)
Participation models’ maze

11. Pedro Prieto-Martín, UAH
XXI Century Social Sciences?

12. Pedro Prieto-Martín, UAH
Who?
How?
Where?
Why?
What?
What
for?
When?
Much research and academics
In whose
interest?
XXI Century Social Sciences?

13. Pedro Prieto-Martín, UAH
None
Low
Medium
High
1. WHAT?
Others
[20,15, 7]
None
Low
Medium
High
Participate
[0, 0, 0]Self-Selection
Representative Sel. Mech.
Inclusive Sel. Mech.
Selected by Elections
Arbitrary Selection
Decision Makers
Sponsors
Facilitators
-
-
Collaborative
Participation
Non-Participation
Consultative
Participation
Conflict
Periodic
Continuous
Functional Inst.
Organic Inst.
5. WHO? Affected and involved
Actors
2. WHEN? eg: Phase within Policy Cycle
3. WHERE? Institutionalization Level
Sporadic
Episodic
POLICY
IMPLEMENTATIONMONITORING
& EVALUATION
POLICY
FORMULATION
AGENDA
SETTING
DECISION
MAKING
Political
Actors
[15, 13, 11]
Corporate
Actors
[10, 2, 1]
Civil Soc. &
Citizenry
Influence
Affected
Transparency
4. HOW?
Deliberativeness
6. Delegated Control
5. Delegated Power
4. Collaboration
3. Advice
2. Consultation
1. Information
0. Manipulation
1. Legitimate coercion
2. Illegal Duress
Intensity of Collaboration
Transparency
Cliff
SIX Dimensions of Participatory Schemasβeta

14. Pedro Prieto-Martín, UAH
None
Low
Medium
High
1. WHAT?
Others
[20,15, 7]
None
Low
Medium
High
Participate
[0, 0, 0]Self-Selection
Representative Sel. Mech.
Inclusive Sel. Mech.
Selected by Elections
Arbitrary Selection
Decision Makers
Sponsors
Facilitators
-
-
Collaborative
Participation
Non-Participation
Consultative
Participation
Conflict
Periodic
Continuous
Functional Inst.
Organic Inst.
5. WHO? Affected and involved
Actors
2. WHEN? eg: Phase within Policy Cycle
3. WHERE? Institutionalization Level
Sporadic
Episodic
POLICY
IMPLEMENTATIONMONITORING
& EVALUATION
POLICY
FORMULATION
AGENDA
SETTING
DECISION
MAKING
Political
Actors
[15, 13, 11]
Corporate
Actors
[10, 2, 1]
Civil Soc. &
Citizenry
Influence
Affected
Transparency
4. HOW?
Deliberativeness
6. Delegated Control
5. Delegated Power
4. Collaboration
3. Advice
2. Consultation
1. Information
0. Manipulation
1. Legitimate coercion
2. Illegal Duress
Intensity of Collaboration
Transparency
Cliff
SIX Dimensions of Participatory Schemasβeta

15. Thank you!!
Dr. Pedro Prieto Martín
Computer Science Dept, Universidad de Alcalá (ES)
Founder of CitYsens
9-11 July 2014
Culture Lab
Newcastle upon Tyne
pedro.prieto-martin@kyopol.net
Get the paper at: http://bit.ly/participation-schemas
Other stuff: http://bit.ly/prieto-martin

16. Participation Schemas
A tool to characterize
Collaborative Participation
Dr. Pedro Prieto Martín
Computer Science Dept., Universidad de Alcalá
Founder of CitYsens
9-11 July 2014
Culture Lab
Newcastle upon Tyne
Back-up Slides

17. Pedro Prieto-Martín, UAH
Participation =
1/5 of Deliberation +
1/4 of Manipulation +
plenty of Politics as usual
(ie: a continuous struggle for
power and (un)accountability)
Knowledge vs Reality

18. Pedro Prieto-Martín, UAH
17
Fortaleza’s 2005 Participatory Budgeting

19. Pedro Prieto-Martín, UAH
Clientelism
Paternalism
Patrimonialism
Nepotism
Burocratism
Obscurantism
Autoritarism
Coronelismo
Cronyism
(Gérson’s Law)
PARTICIPATOR
YBUDGETING
POLITICAL
CULTURE
18
Fortaleza’s 2005 Participatory Budgeting

20. Pedro Prieto-Martín, UAH
Violence
Analphabetism
Racism
Disaffection
Inequality
Geographic
dispersion
Exclusion
SOCIAL CONTEXT
Shortage
Social
disintegration
PRESUPUESTO
PARTICIPATIV
O
19
Fortaleza’s 2005 Participatory Budgeting

21. Pedro Prieto-Martín, UAH
20
Fortaleza’s 2005 Participatory Budgeting

22. Pedro Prieto-Martín, UAH
21
Fortaleza’s 2005 Participatory Budgetinginstrumental

23. Pedro Prieto-Martín, UAH
Preparative Regional
and Social Segments
Assemblies
Decision-Making
Regional Assemblies
(“Deliberativas”)
Mayor’s Office (MO)
Municipal Budget
Investment
Plan
Regional Delegates
Forums
Council of the
Participatory Budgeting
(COP)
PB Actions
Plan
Participatory
Budgeting Office
Municipal
Organisms &
Departments
Regional
Executive
Offices
Executive Power
Legislative Power
PB – “People’s
Power”
Popular
Councils
Unions
Neighbour
Assoc.
other Social
Movements
Public Workers in all
Public Agencies
Administrative Power
Citizenry - Electorate
Municipal Leg.
Chamber
Big Companies
(private or
semi-public)
Economic Power
Elections
Negotiation
Decisions
Citizens
KEY
Mayor
22
♣
♣
♣
♣
♣
♣ MO Strong
Influence