The Report was released at the National Conference on Sanitation: Towards Swachh Bharat: Creating Demand & Building Partnerships on 24th September 2015 at New Delhi. It has been brought out jointly with the Centre for Policy Research. This report maps and explores the opportunities for investment in sanitation by the private sector, and also profiles 16 initiatives currently being undertaken in the provision of sanitation services and infrastructure either through corporate social responsibility (CSR) funding, public private partnership (PPP), or independent corporate funding. This report will be useful for both- the government and the corporate sector to understand models of industry engagement in sanitation and to inform policy and research. Download from the link: http://goo.gl/qWkXGd

1. ¡ ¢¡ ¢¡ ¢¡ ¢¡ ¢¡ ¢¡ ¢¡ ¢¡ ¢¢¢¢¢¢ ¡ ¢ ¡ ¡ ¢ ¡ ¢ ¡ ¢ ¡ ¢¡¡ ¢¡ ¢¢¢¢¢ ¡¡ ¢¡ ¢¢¢ ¡ ¢ ¡ ¡ ¢ ¡ ¢ ¡ ¢ ¡ ¢ ¡ ¢ ¡ ¢¡ ¡ ¡¡¡¡¡ ¢¢¢ ¡ ¢¡¡¡¡¡¡¡ ¢¡¡¡ ¢¢¢¢¢¢ ¡ ¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡ ¢¢¢¢¢¢¢¢ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¢ ¡¡ ¡ ¢¡ ¢¡¡ ¡ ¢ ¡ ¢ ¡ ¢ ¡ ¡ ¢¢¢¢¢¢ ¡ ¡¡ ¢¡¡¡ ¢ ¡ ¢¢¢¢¢ ¡ ¢ ¡ ¢ ¡ ¢ ¡ ¢¡ ¡¡ ¢¢¢¢¢¢ ¡ ¢ ¡ ¢ ¡ ¡ ¢¢¢¢¢¢ ¡ ¢ ¡ ¢ ¡ ¢¡ ¢¡¡¡ ¡ ¢ ¡¡ ¡ ¢ ¡ ¢¢¢¢¢¢¢¢ ¡ ¢ ¡ ¡ ¢ ¡ ¢ ¡ ¢ ¡¡ ¢¢¢ ¡¡¡ ¢¢¢¢¢¡ ¢¢ ¡ ¢¢¢¢¢¢ ¡ ¢¢¢ ¡¡ ¢¢¢¢ ¢¢¢¢¢ ¢¢¢ £ ¤£ ¤£ ¤£ ¤£ ¤£££ ¤£ ¤£ ¤¤£ ¤££ ¤¤£ ¤££££££ ¥ ¢¥ ¢¥¥ ¢¢¥¥¥¥ ¢¥ ¢¥ ¢¥ ¢¥ ¢¥¥ ¢¥ ¢¥¥ ¢¥¥
¦
§
¨
§
©
¦
¦
§
¦

2. ! # $ % ' ( ) ' # # ) ' # $ # $ ) $ # ' ) ' # $
0 1 2 2 3 4 1
5 6 7 8 9 @ A B C 7 D E F G 7 H F @ F I P 7 E F @ 6 F I Q @ R 7 S 7 @ R 7 @ T 7 U V W I S 7 7 T 6 9 @ X Y ` a b a I P c d X e 7 I S 9 a I 7 R P 6 7 @ 7 7 R 9 f T C 7 V @ Q @ R F V g 8 7
T V C C 7 R f 9 E h i V T 6 6 p 6 V E V P q V G V I I F r 7 G V I I G 9 r 7 G 7 @ P P 6 V P I 7 7 s I P 9 7 @ b V b 7 7 r 7 E W 9 @ 7 F @ P 6 7 P V I s 9 f T C 7 V @ F @ b 6 9 G 7 I q
i 9 E s S C V T 7 I q r F C C V b 7 I q T F P F 7 I V @ R I a E E 9 a @ R F @ b I q F @ V T 9 C C 7 T P F r 7 t a 7 I P g 8 7 7 I S 7 T F V C C W T V C C 7 R a S 9 @ P 6 7 T 9 E S 9 E V P 7 I 7 T P 9 E P 9
b F r 7
S E F 9 E F P W P 9 P 6 7 S E 9 r F I F 9 @ 9 f P 9 F C 7 P I F @ I T 6 9 9 C I V I S V E P 9 f P 6 7 F E T 9 E S 9 E V P 7 I 9 T F V C E 7 I S 9 @ I F B F C F P W g
5 6 7 Q @ R F V @ Q @ R a I P E W V @ R P 6 7 u 9 @ f 7 R 7 E V P F 9 @ 9 f Q @ R F V @ Q @ R a I P E W v u Q Q w 6 V r 7 V C i V W I E 7 I S 9 @ R 7 R P 9 P 6 7 @ 7 7 R I 9 f P 6 7 @ V P F 9 @ q
V T T 9 E R 7 R S E F 9 E F P W P 9 F I I a 7 I 9 f @ V P F 9 @ V C T 9 @ T 7 E @ q V @ R P V s 7 @ T 9 @ T E 7 P 7 I P 7 S I P 9 V R R E 7 I I P 6 7 I V G 7 g
u Q Q 6 V I P V s 7 @ P 6 7 C 7 V R F @ I 7 @ I F P F x F @ b F @ R a I P E W 9 @ P 6 F I T E F P F T V C V b 7 @ R V V @ R T E 7 V P F @ b @ 7 T 7 I I V E W 7 @ V B C 7 E I f 9 E S E 9 G 9 P y
F @ b V @ R E 7 V C F I F @ b P 6 7 9 B € 7 T P F r 7 I 9 f P 6 7 h i V T 6 6 p 6 V E V P u V G S V F b @ g u Q Q C V a @ T 6 7 R H F I I F 9 @ h 9 h v h V @ F P V P F 9 @ F @ h T 6 9 9 C I w
P 9 i V E R I
V T T 9 G S C F I 6 F @ b P 6 F I b 9 V C i F P 6 P 6 7 f 9 T a I 9 f T 9 @ r 7 E b F @ b u h  7 @ R 7 V r 9 E I 9 f F @ R a I P E W P 9 i V E R I I V @ F P V P F 9 @ F @ b 9 r 7 E @ G 7 @ P
I T 6 9 9 C I V I S V E P 9 f P 6 7 h i V T 6 6 ‚ F R W V C V W V D E 9 b E V G G 7 g ` R R F P F 9 @ V C C W q i 7 F @ u Q Q 6 V r 7 T E 7 V P 7 R 7 @ V B C 7 E I F @ f V T F C F P V P F @ b P 6 7
R 7 C F r 7 E W 9 f P 6 7 h i V T 6 6 p 6 V E V P H F I I F 9 @ B W S E 9 r F R F @ b V R r F I 9 E W I 7 E r F T 7 I q S E 9 G 9 P F @ b P 7 T 6 @ 9 C 9 b F 7 I V @ R a @ R 7 E P V s F @ b S E 9 y
€ 7 T P I 9 @ i V I P 7 G V @ V b 7 G 7 @ P g
S E 7 I 7 @ P 7 R 6 7 E 7 g
p a F C R F @ b V I 9 T F 7 P W i 6 F T 6 S E 9 r F R 7 I 7 t a V C V T T 7 I I P 9 9 S S 9 E P a @ F P F 7 I V @ R B V I F T V G 7 @ F P F 7 I q F I V T 9 C C 7 T P F r 7 E 7 I S 9 @ I F B F C F P W g 5 6 F I
T V C C f 9 E V T P F 9 @ S E 7 I 7 @ P I V a @ F t a 7 9 S S 9 E P a @ F P W P 9 I P V @ R a S P 9 P 6 7 T 6 V C C 7 @ b 7 g u Q Q V S S E 7 T F V P 7 I P 6 F I @ 7 7 R V @ R T 9 G G F P
i 6 9 C 7 y 6 7 V E P 7 R C W P 9 I a S S 9 E P V @ R I P E 7 @ b P 6 7 @ P 6 7 G 9 G 7 @ P a G T E 7 V P 7 R P 9 i V E R I R 7 C F r 7 E W 9 f P 6 7 h i V T 6 6 p 6 V E V P H F I I F 9 @ g
u 6 V @ R E V € F P p V @ 7 E € 7 7
U F E 7 T P 9 E ƒ 7 @ 7 E V C
u 9 @ f 7 R 7 E V P F 9 @ 9 f Q @ R F V @ Q @ R a I P E W v u Q Q w

3. „ … † ‡ ˆ ‰ ‰  ‰ ‡ ‘ ‡ ’ “ ” • – — … ’ ‘ ˜ ™ • d ‡ d ™ e ™ • ’ f … ˆ g h ™ i ™ j ‡ e h k ™ …
l m n o p q n
5 6 7 u 7 @ P E 7 f 9 E D 9 C F T W  7 I 7 V E T 6 v u D  w q F I a @ R 7 E P V s F @ b P 6 7 h T V C F @ b u F P W Q @ I P F P a y
P F 9 @ I f 9 E Q @ R F V v h u Q y r Q w S E 9 b E V G G 7 q i 6 F T 6 V F G I P 9 B a F C R V I P E 9 @ b 7 E 7 r F R 7 @ T 7
B V I 7 f 9 E R 7 r 7 C 9 S F @ b S 9 C F T F 7 I q S E 9 b E V G I V @ R F G S C 7 G 7 @ P V P F 9 @ S C V @ I f 9 E V T 6 F 7 r y
F @ b I V @ F P F x 7 R T F P F 7 I g 5 6 E 9 a b 6 E 7 I 7 V E T 6 q h u Q y r Q s h V @ F P V P F 9 @ V F G I P 9 F @ f 9 E G V @ R
I a S S 9 E P P 6 7 f 9 E G a C V P F 9 @ V @ R F G S C 7 G 7 @ P V P F 9 @ 9 f P 6 7 ƒ 9 r 7 E @ G 7 @ P 9 f Q @ R F V A I
a E B V @ I V @ F P V P F 9 @ S E 9 b E V G I V @ R F @ r 7 I P G 7 @ P I g 5 6 7 E 7 I 7 V E T 6 S E 9 b E V G F I I P a R W y
V @ R F @ f 9 E G V @ R I a S S 9 E P P 6 7 I P V P 7 V @ R T F P W b 9 r 7 E @ G 7 @ P I P 9 S a E I a 7 P 6 7 F E b 9 V C I
9 f F @ T E 7 V I F @ b V T T 7 I I P 9 I V f 7 V @ R I a I P V F @ V B C 7 I V @ F P V P F 9 @ F @ a E B V @ V E 7 V I g
h F @ T 7 P 6 7 V @ @ 9 a @ T 7 G 7 @ P V C G 9 I P q V W 7 V E V b 9 9 f P 6 7 h i V T 6 6 p 6 V E V P H F I I F 9 @ q
P 6 7 E 7 6 V I B 7 7 @ V @ F @ T E 7 V I 7 R 7 G S 6 V I F I 9 @ B 9 P 6 q P 6 7 T a E E 7 @ P V @ R f a P a E 7 S 9 I I F y
B C 7 F @ r 9 C r 7 G 7 @ P 9 f P 6 7 S E F r V P 7 I 7 T P 9 E V @ R F @ R a I P E W V I V s 7 W S V E P @ 7 E g ` T 6 F 7 r F @ b
P 6 7 r F I F 9 @ 9 f h i V T 6 6 p 6 V E V P E 7 t a F E 7 I P 6 V P i 7 q V I T F P F x 7 @ I 9 f P 6 F I @ V P F 9 @ V @ R
G 7 G B 7 E I 9 f T 9 G G a @ F P F 7 I q V R 9 S P B 7 6 V r F 9 a E i 6 F T 6 F I T 9 @ I F I P 7 @ P P 9 F G S E 9 r F @ b
P 6 7 T C 7 V @ C F @ 7 I I 9 f 9 a E I a E E 9 a @ R F @ b I q i 6 F T 6 i 9 a C R C 7 V R P 9 F G S E 9 r 7 R S a B C F T
6 7 V C P 6 g Q P V C I 9 E 7 t a F E 7 I P 6 7 R 7 r 7 C 9 S G 7 @ P 9 f @ 7 i f V T F C F P F 7 I q V @ R 7 @ I a E F @ b 9 S y
7 E V P F 9 @ I V @ R G V F @ P 7 @ V @ T 7 9 f f V T F C F P F 7 I f 9 E I V @ F P V P F 9 @ I 7 E r F T 7 I g 5 6 7 S E F r V P 7 V @ R
P 6 7 S E F r V P 7 I 7 T P 9 E S C V W 7 R F @ F G S E 9 r F @ b I V @ F P V P F 9 @ F @ i 7 I P 7 E @ t a E 9 S 7 q I P V E P F @ b
f E 9 G P 6 7 G F R X u P 6 T 7 @ P a E W g ` P P 6 F I 6 F I P 9 E F T G 9 G 7 @ P F @ Q @ R F V P 9 9 q P 6 7 S E F r V P 7
9 f @ 7 i i V W I f 9 E T 9 G G a @ F T V P F 9 @ f 9 E B 7 6 V r F 9 E T 6 V @ b 7 q T 9 @ I P E a T P F 9 @ q F G S C 7 y
G 7 @ P V P F 9 @ q P 7 T 6 @ 9 C 9 b W R 7 r 7 C 9 S G 7 @ P q 9 E F @ @ 9 r V P F @ b @ 7 i I 7 E r F T 7 R 7 C F r 7 E W
G 9 R 7 C I g
5 6 7 u 9 @ f 7 R 7 E V P F 9 @ 9 f Q @ R F V @ Q @ R a I P E W v u Q Q w V @ R G V @ W 9 f F P I G 7 G B 7 E I 6 V r 7 E 7 y
I S 9 @ R 7 R I P E 9 @ b C W P 9 P 6 7 T V C C f 9 E P 6 7 S E F r V P 7 I 7 T P 9 E P 9 V T P q V @ R 6 V r 7 a @ R 7 E P V s 7 @
y
I F 9 @ h V @ F P V P F 9 @ F @ h T 6 9 9 C v h 9 h w y D 6 V I 7 Q C V I P W 7 V E i F P 6 P 6 7 f 9 T a I 9 f T 9 @ r 7 E b F @ b
u h  7 @ R 7 V r 9 E I 9 f F @ R a I P E W 7 I S 7 T F V C C W P 9 i V E R I T E 7 V P F @ b I V @ F P V P F 9 @ f V T F C F P F 7 I
F @ ƒ 9 r 7 E @ G 7 @ P I T 6 9 9 C I V I S V E P 9 f P 6 7 h i V T 6 6 ‚ F R W V C V W V D E 9 b E V G G 7 g 8 V r y
F @ b V R R E 7 I I 7 R P 6 7 h i V T 6 6 ‚ F R W V C V W V T 6 V C C 7 @ b 7 q u Q Q r 9 a @ R V P F 9 @ q F @ P 6 7 @ 7 v P
S 6 V I 7 q i F C C f 9 T a I 9 @ V R R E 7 I I F @ b I V @ F P V P F 9 @ T 6 V C C 7 @ b 7 I 9 f a E B V @ T 9 G G a @ F P F 7 I
P 6 E 9 a b 6 F @ R a I P E W 7 @ b V b 7 G 7 @ P g ` R R F P F 9 @ V C C W q u Q Q q P 6 E 9 a b 6 F P I r V E F 9 a I r 7 E P F T V C I
V @ R u 7 @ P 7 E I 9 f t v T 7 C C 7 @ T 7 6 V r 7 B 7 7 @ f V T F C F P V P F @ b P 6 7 R 7 C F r 7 E W 9 f P 6 7 h p H F @
P 6 7 f 9 E G 9 f 7 r V @ b 7 C F x F @ b I V @ F P V P F 9 @ V G 9 @ b G 7 G B 7 E I V T E 9 I I P 6 7 T 9 a @ P E W q
S E 9 r F R F @ b V R r F I 9 E W I 7 E r F T 7 I q S E 9 G 9 P F @ b i V I P 7 G V @ V b 7 G 7 @ P P 7 T 6 @ 9 C 9 b F 7 I V @ R
a @ R 7 E P V s F @ b S E 9 € 7 T P I q 7 I S 7 T F V C C W P 6 E 9 a b 6 P 6 7 u Q Q w ` @ R 6 E V D E V R 7 I 6 ƒ 9 r 7 E @ y
G 7 @ P S V E P @ 7 E 7 R ` @ R 6 E V D E V R 7 I 6 5 7 T 6 @ 9 C 9 b W U 7 r 7 C 9 S G 7 @ P V @ R D E 9 G 9 P F 9 @
u 7 @ P E 7 v ` D 5 U u w g u Q Q w ` D 5 U u 6 V I B 7 7 @ V S F 9 @ 7 7 E F @ P 6 7 T 9 a @ P E W f 9 E 7 I P V B C F I 6 y
F @ b D a B C F T D E F r V P 7 D V E P @ 7 E I 6 F S f 9 E 5 7 T 6 @ 9 C 9 b W Q @ P 7 C C 7 T P a V C D E 9 S 7 E P W h 7 E r F T 7 I F @
P 6 7 V E 7 V 9 f 5 7 T 6 @ 9 C 9 b W u 9 G G 7 E T F V C F x V P F 9 @ 9 f x V I P 7 G V @ V b 7 G 7 @ P g
x 7 V P u D  q V @ R 7 I S 7 T F V C C W P 6 7 h u Q y r Q P 7 V G V E 7 R 7 C F b 6 P 7 R P 9 6 V r 7 S V E P @ 7 E 7 R
i F P 6 P 6 7 C 7 V R F @ b F @ R a I P E W V I I 9 T F V P F 9 @ q u Q Q V @ R P 6 7 u Q Q r 9 a @ R V P F 9 @ F @ S E 9 R a T y
F @ b P 6 F I E 7 S 9 E P V @ R F @ I a S S 9 E P F @ b F @ R 7 7 S 7 @ F @ b V R F V C 9 b a 7 9 @ P 6 7 I T 9 S 7 q
9 S S 9 E P a @ F P F 7 I V @ R C F G F P V P F 9 @ I 9 f V b 9 r 7 E @ G 7 @ P w F @ R a I P E W S V E P @ 7 E I 6 F S F @
F G S C 7 G 7 @ P F @ b P 6 7 r F I F 9 @ 9 f V h i V T 6 6 p 6 V E V P g

4. y
! # $ % ' ( ) ' # # ) ' # $ # $ ) $ # ' ) ' # $
5 6 F I E 7 S 9 E P F I V F G 7 R V P B 7 F @ b V @ 7 V E C W V P P 7 G S P P 9 T 9 G S E 7 6 7 @ R I T 9 S 7 V @ R
I T V C 7 9 f P 6 7 I V @ F P V P F 9 @ I 7 T P 9 E f E 9 G P 6 7 S E F r V P 7 I 7 T P 9 E F @ R a I P E W S 7 E I S 7 T P F r 7 g 5 6 7
E 7 S 9 E P F I 9 E b V @ F x 7 R F @ P 9 P i 9 S V E P I g D V E P ` 9 @ F I P 6 7 h T 9 S 7 f 9 E Q @ R a I P E W S V E P F T F y
@ 9 @ y b 9 r 7 E @ G 7 @ P V C 9 E b V @ F x V P F 9 @ I i 6 9 6 V r 7 B 7 7 @ R 7 r 7 C 9 S F @ b @ 7 i S E 9 R a T P I
9 E F G S C 7 G 7 @ P F @ b a @ F t a 7 V @ R @ 7 i G 9 R 7 C I f 9 E F G S E 9 r 7 R I V @ F P V P F 9 @ g 5 6 7
Q @ R F V q V @ R V C I 9 V F G I V P a @ R 7 E I P V @ R F @ b P 6 7 T a E E 7 @ P V @ R S 9 I I F B C 7 f a P a E 7 E 9 C 7
9 f P 6 7 S E F r V P 7 I 7 T P 9 E V @ R F @ R a I P E W 7 @ b V b 7 G 7 @ P F @ I V @ F P V P F 9 @ I 7 E r F T 7 R 7 C F r 7 E W
F @ Q @ R F V q i F P 6 V r F 7 i P 9 I T V C F @ b y a S P 6 7 7 @ b V b 7 G 7 @ P 9 f P 6 7 S E F r V P 7 I 7 T P 9 E V @ R
F @ R a I P E W g
h 6 7 f V C F T 6 V P a E r 7 R F q z g { V i V 6 V E C V C q V @ R h V E B V @ F T 6 V s V E r V E P W q V @ R P 6 7 u D  h u Q y r Q
P 7 V G q i 9 a C R @ 9 P 6 V r 7 B 7 7 @ S 9 I I F B C 7 i F P 6 9 a P P 6 7 V T P F r 7 I a S S 9 E P 9 f V @ a G B 7 E
S E 9 r F R F @ b a I i F P 6 F @ f 9 E G V P F 9 @ V @ R V C C 9 i F @ b V P 7 V G P 9 r F I F P P 6 7 C 9 T V P F 9 @ I 9 f
P 6 7 F E i 9 E s g 5 6 F I 7 v 7 E T F I 7 T 9 a C R @ 9 P 6 V r 7 B 7 7 @ S 9 I I F B C 7 i F P 6 9 a P P 6 7 F E I a S y
| F s 6 F C ƒ 7 9 E b 7 V P u D  I S 7 V E 6 7 V R 7 R P 6 7 F G S C 7 G 7 @ P V P F 9 @ V @ R S E 9 R a T P F 9 @ 9 f
P 6 F I E 7 S 9 E P g { V i V 6 V E C I C V @ R h 6 F r V @ F f E 9 G u Q Q V C I 9 S E 9 r F R 7 R T 9 G G 7 @ P I V @ R T 9 @ y
` G V @ R 7 7 S h F @ b 6 q ` R F P W V p 6 9 C q 5 E F S P F h F @ b 6 V @ R h i V P F U F G V @ V C I 9 T 9 @ P E F B y
I 7 T P 9 E V @ R @ 9 @ y b 9 r 7 E @ G 7 @ P V C V b 7 @ T F 7 I P 6 V P 6 V r 7 B 7 7 @ R 9 T a G 7 @ P 7 R i 7 E 7
B W ` @ s a E p V @ I V C 5 6 7 I 7 T P 9 E 9 r 7 E r F 7 i 7 v 7 E T F I 7 i V I C 7 V R B W  V b 6 a  V G V h y
i V G W q U F E 7 T P 9 E q  Q u h h T 6 9 9 C 9 f p a F C P t @ r F E 9 @ G 7 @ P q ` G F P W } @ F r 7 E I F P W V @ R i V I
I P E 9 @ b C W I a S S 9 E P 7 R B W h G F P V  V 9 V @ R h 7 7 P 6 V E V G V @  V G V s E F I 6 @ V @ g 5 7 T 6 @ F T V C
E 7 I 9 a E T 7 S 7 9 S C 7 F @ T C a R F @ b h 6 E F @ F r V I ` @ 7 E V 9 q D a I 6 S V u 6 9 i R 6 a E W q D 7 V E C 5 F i V E F q
h V G S V P 6 z a G V E q ` @ V @ R { V C V s V G q V @ R p F B 6 V I H 9 6 V S V P E V i 7 E 7 T 9 @ I a C P 7 R f 9 E
F @ S a P I V @ R P 9 P 6 7 G 9 R 7 C F @ b 7 v 7 E T F I 7 g x 7 V E 7 V C I 9 P 6 V @ s f a C P 9 ~ E 9 9 @ U V I f 9 E
R 7 I F b @ F @ b P 6 7 E 7 S 9 E P F @ V I 6 9 E P S 7 E F 9 R 9 f P F G 7 g
h 6 a B 6 V b V P 9 U V I b a S P V
h 7 @ F 9 E r 7 C C 9 i
u 7 @ P E 7 f 9 E D 9 C F T W  7 I 7 V E T 6

5.  €
… † ‡ ˆ ‰ ‰  ‰ ‡ ‘ ‡ ’ “ ” • – — … ’ ‘ ˜ ™ • d ‡ d ™ e ™ • ’ f … ˆ g h ™ i ™ j ‡ e h k ™ …
 ‚ ƒ „ … † ‡ ˆ ‰ … Š ‹ Œ ƒ
 Ž    ‘ ‘ ’ “ ” • – — ˜ ™ š › œ   ž ™ “ ” Ÿ ™ • ”  “
    ‘ ‘ ’ “ ” • – ™ “ ” • ™  –   ‘ ¡ ¢ › £
 ¤    ¡   ™ • ›  ¥ ” ™ ¢ ¤ › š ¡  “ š ” ˜ ” ¢ ” • –
¦
§
¦
™ › ¥ ™ ¢ ¢ ’ œ ž › § ™ “ ™ ž › ‘ › “ •
¦ ¨ ¦
” “ ™ “ ¥ ” ™ ¢
¨
› ™ 
© ª « ©   š š ª  ‘ › š • ” ¥ «   œ ’ ¥ •
©  ¬ ©  ­ ›  “ ‘ › “ •  ® ¬ “ œ ” ™
¯ ¯ ¯
 ’ š › °  ¢ œ
¯
« ± 
¯
” ž ° «  ² ›  › œ ± £ ¡ ›  •   ‘ ‘ ” • • › ›
¬ ±  ¬ “ ®   ‘ ™ • ”  “ ³ ± œ ’ ¥ ™ • ”  “ — ¥  ‘ ‘ ’ “ ” ¥ ™ • ”  “ ™ “ œ   ‘ ‘ ’ “ ” ¥ ™ • ”  “
´
«  ª
´
” •  › š ¡ ›  ¥ ™ ¡ ” • ™ ¡ ›  œ ™ –
§
´
ª § ” ¢ ¢ ”  “ ¢ ” • ›  š ¡ ›  œ ™ –
§ µ § ’ “ ” ¥ ” ¡ ™ ¢  ¢ ” œ µ ™ š • ›
¶
© 
¶
 “ ©  ­ ›  “ ‘ › “ •   ž ™ “ ” Ÿ ™ • ”  “
 ª  ¡ › “ ª › ® › ¥ ™ • ”  “
 · §  ¡ ›  ™ • ”  “ ™ “ œ § ™ ” “ • › “ ™ “ ¥ ›
Ž § ² ™ ¥ ° ° Ž ° ™  ™ • § ” š š ”  “
µ §  ¢ ” œ µ ™ š • › § ™ “ ™ ž › ‘ › “ •
¸
« ª
¸
 “ “ š ¡ ›  ª ™ –
¹
© ª
¹
“ œ ›  ž   ’ “ œ ª  ™ ” “ ™ ž ›
¹ ´
Ž
¹
 ˜ ™ “
´
 ¥ ™ ¢ Ž  œ – º
¹
 ˜ ™ “
´
 ¥ ™ ¢ Ž  œ ” › š
µ »
¯
µ ™ • ›  ³ ™ “ ” • ™ • ”  “ ™ “ œ
¯
– ž ” › “ ›
µ
¯
 µ   ¢ œ
¯
› ™ ¢ • °   ž ™ “ ” Ÿ ™ • ”  “
µ « µ ™ • ›  ™ “ œ ™ “ ” • ™ • ”  “ «   ž  ™ ‘ ¼ µ   ¢ œ Ž ™ “ ½ ¾
µ
¸
± µ ™ š • › •  ± “ ›  ž –

6. ¿ ¿
! # $ % ' ( ) ' # # ) ' # $ # $ ) $ # ' ) ' # $
À ‡ Á  Â Ã Ä Å Ã Æ À Â Æ À Ç
§ › š š ™ ž › ®   ‘  ¬ ¬
«  › ® ™ ¥ ›
´
” š •  ® » ˜ ˜  › ­ ” ™ • ”  “ š
¸
™ ˜ ¢ ›  ®   “ • › “ • š
È É Ê Ë Ì
‰ „ ‡ Í Ç ˆ … Î Ï † … ‰ Ð Š Ñ Ò ƒ „ ‰ ‹ Î
Ì
‰ „ ‚ ˆ ‚ Î
Ì
„ ‚ … Š ‚ Š Ç
Ì
Š ‚ „
Ì
„ ‚ … Š
È É È
Ž  ” › ® ¬ “ •   œ ’ ¥ • ”  “ •  • ° › š ¥ ™ ¢ › ™ “ œ “ ™ • ’  ›  ® • ° › š ™ “ ” • ™ • ”  “ ¥ ° ™ ¢ ¢ › “ ž ›
È É Ó
¸
° › “ › ² › ‘ ¡ ° ™ š ” š ™ “ œ ¡   ž  ™ ‘ ¥  “ • › £ •
È É Ô
± š • ” ‘ ™ • ” “ ž ¥  š • š ™ “ œ ® ’ “ œ ” “ ž  › Õ ’ ”  › ‘ › “ • š ®   ˜ ’ ” ¢ œ ” “ ž ™ “ œ ‘ ™ ” “ • ™ ” “ ” “ ž
™ š ™ “ ” • ” š › œ ¬ “ œ ” ™
È É Ö
«  š š ” ˜ ¢ › ® ’ “ œ ” “ ž š •  ’ ¥ • ’  › ®   ˜ ’ ” ¢ œ ” “ ž ™ “ œ  ¡ ›  ™ • ” “ ž ² ™ ¥ ° ° ¬ “ œ ” ™
È É ×
± š • ” ‘ ™ • › š  ® ¬ ‘ ¡ ™ ¥ •  “ ” “ œ ’ š •  – š › ¥ •   š ™ “ œ • ° › › ¥  “  ‘ – ®   ‘ ² ™ ¥ ° °
™ “ œ  ¢ › ™ “ ¬ “ œ ” ™ » ˜ ° ” – ™ “
È É Ø
¶
’ ‘ ˜ ›  š ¡  › š › “ • › œ ” “ œ ” ¥ ™ • ” ­ › Ù • ° ›  ™ “ ž › ®   ‘ ° ” ž ° •  ¢  ² ¥ ™ š › š ¥ › “ ™  ” 
¥ ™ “ ˜ › ¡  › œ ” ¥ • › œ
È É Ú
 ‘ › ¥  “ ¥ ¢ ’ š ”  “ š
Ó É Ê Ë Ì
‰ „ Á Í Û … ˆ Ò Œ Ï Š „
Ì
„ ‚ … Š Ð Š Š … Ü
Ì
„ ‚ … Š Ý Â Š „ Ï ‰ Î ‰ ‚ ƒ Ï ‚ Š „ Þ Ï Ç
Ì
Š ‚ „
Ì
„ ‚ … Š  ˆ … Š … Œ ‹
Ó É È
¬ “ •   œ ’ ¥ • ”  “ ³ š •  ’ ¥ • ’  › ™ “ œ  ˜ š ›  ­ ™ • ”  “ š
Ó É Ö
›  ­ ” ¥ › «   ¡  š ” • ”  “ š

7. ß à á
… † ‡ ˆ ‰ ‰  ‰ ‡ ‘ ‡ ’ “ ” • – — … ’ ‘ ˜ ™ • d ‡ d ™ e ™ • ’ f … ˆ g h ™ i ™ j ‡ e h k ™ …
â ã ä å æ ã ç è æ é è ê ë ì í î ã ï ã ð æ ì ñ

8. ò ó ó
â è ä ç ã ô ã æ ð å ë è ä è ç õ ä ô ë ð ä õ ä ô ö ï å æ í