19. The promenades are intensively used throughout the year and new projects pose risks to protected areas.
The Kentish plover on the verge of extinction.
35. Wind no more construct dunes, but still able to erode the constructed
ones!
36. And as happens in other places along European coast, marram grass is
displaced easily by other plants: so, there is a need to improve methods.
37. Most planted marram grass on maritime promenades decay and die in 6
or 7 years
38. So we are studying the most influential ecological factors and creating,
along with the staff of the metropolitan administration, a “management
manual of urban dunes”. The first in Europe oriented to introduce semi-
mobile dunes on urban environments.
43. Attitudes we need to know in order to manage trade-offs as the dog-
walkers impact.
44. Another outcome is that the beach nourishment (100.000m3 each year)
does not affect the emerged profile.
The vulnerability to flood has not varied.
45. Even on the areas with most accretion, the risk of flooding persists.
46. The modification of the profile of the emerged beach could be an
effective way to protect the coast and at a cost much cheaper than the
prevailing beach nourishment.
47. So, an experience that can be applied to other urban dunes, with
an improved toolbox: the Ecosystem services perspective.