Pulp and Paper Manufacturing and Treatment Of Waste Water is About: What is Fiber? Lignin?Hemicellouse? Real Explanation of Photosynthesis? SEM (Scanning Electronic Microscope) Pictures of Trees Can Plants Survive in Green Light? How the Pulp is Produced from The Trees (Video) ? Can We Use Other Than Trees for Pulp Preparation? Some Information about Locally Located oldest Paper Mills How the Waste Water Treated from Industries?

2. Pulp And Paper
Manufacturing
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3. How ?
WHhoyw ? ?
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4. Cellulose Formation
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5. Chemical
Composition
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7. Location Of Plant
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Units in the East Godavari Region
of Andhra Pradesh

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Rajahmundry

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Rajahmundry

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15. De-Fibre Process
Mechanical Mechanical Pulp
(90-96%)
Chemical
Sulphate Process
(Alkaline)
43-52%
Sulphite Process
(Acid)
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16. Kraft Process
 White liquor is a strong alkaline solution mainly of sodium hydroxide
and Sodium Sulphide
 White Liquor breaks the bonds between lignin and cellulose
 Black liquor is the waste product Formed by combining
lignin, hemicelluloses and other extractives from the wood
to free the cellulose fibres.
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17. Bleaching
• Modification of coloured
substances in the pulp
• Coloured substances loose the
ability to fully absorb light
• Residual lignin and other
undesired substances are removed
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21. Characteristics Of Pulp and Paper Mill Wastes
Item Small Mill Large Mill
20 Tonnes Paper/Day 2000 Tonnes Paper/Day
Waste Water Produced 330 푚3/Tonne 222 푚3/tonne
Colour Hz 8000 7800
pH 8.2-8.5 8.5-9.5
Total Solids - 4410
Suspended Solids mg/l 900-2000 3300
COD mg/l 3400-5780 716
BOD mg/l 680-1250 155
COD/BOD 3.9-5 4.6 21

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23. Effects of Waste Water
• The fine fibres often clog the water intake screens in
the down stream side
• Toxic effect may also be induced upon the flora and
fauna of the stream due to sulphites and phenols in the
waste
• * Lignin cellulosic material near the point of discharge of
the waste in a stream undergo slow decomposition by
the creation of anaerobic condition and destruction of the
aquatic life 23

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26. Treatment of Pulp and Paper Mill Wastes
• 1. Recovery Process
• 2. Chemical treatment for colour removal
• 3.Physical treatment
• 4.Biological treatment
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27. Recovery Process
• The recovery of the process chemicals and the fibres
reduces the pollution load to a great extent .
• Where the economy permits the colour bearing “black
liquor” is treated for the chemical recovery .
• The fibres in the white water from the paper mills are
recovered either by sedimentation or by floatation using
forced air in the tank.
• The recovery of lime from the lime mud , by the
process of calcination, is not practiced in India, due to
undesirable content of silica in it. 27

28. Biological Treatment By Stabilisation Ponds
Anaerobic Ponds Aerobic Ponds
Loading Rate 56 kg/hectare/day 670 to 1340 kg/hectare/day
Detention Period 12-30 days 5 days
Efficiency of Removal 85% 50-95%
Nutrition Addition (BOD:N:P) Not Required 100:5:1
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Screening Lime Treatment
Equalization &
Neutralization
Primary
Clarifier
Anaerobic Ponds
(Detention Period-
3 Months)
Aeration Tank Secondary
Clarifier
Stabilization
Ponds
(depth= 1.5m)
Activated Carbon
MLSS , X=4000mg/l

30. 30mg/l
Activated Sludge Process
MLSS: 2000-4000mg/l
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31. Trickling Filter
• Trickling filter has got a limited use in the treatment of the pulp and
paper mill effluent , due to the greater chances of clogging of the media
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