Abrasive water jet machining

1. Submitted To Submitted By
Department of M.E. Deepak Sahu
M.E. 5th Sem.

2. Introduction
• Abrasive Water Jet Machining (AWJM) is non-
traditional or non-conventional machining
process. `
• This belong to mechanical group of non-
conventional processes like Ultrasonic
Machining (USM) and Abrasive Jet Machining
(AJM).
• In these processes (WJM and AJWM), the
mechanical energy of water and abrasive
phases are used to achieve material removal or
machining.

3. Definition
• In abrasive jet machining, a focused
stream of abrasive particles, carried by
high pressure air or gas is made to
impinge on the work surface through a
nozzle and the work material is made to
impinge on the work surface through
a nozzle and work material is removed
by erosion by high velocity abrasive
particles.

5. Similar Mechanical Processes
• WJM - Pure
• WJM - with stabilizer
• AWJM – suspended – two phase –
abrasive and water
• AWJM – entrained – three phase –
abrasive, water and air

6. Types
• Entrained Type AWJM: In entrained
AWJM, the abrasive water jet, which
finally comes from the focussing
tube or nozzle, can be used to
machine different materials.
• Suspended Type AWJM: In
suspension AWJM the abrasive
water jet is formed quite differently.
There are three different types of
suspension AWJ formed by direct,
indirect and Bypass pumping
method

7. Entrained Type AWJM

8. Suspended Type AWJM

9. Working
• Water is pumped at a sufficiently high pressure, 200-400
MPa (2000-4000 bar) using intensifier technology.
• An intensifier works on the simple principle of pressure
amplification using hydraulic cylinders of different cross-
sections as used in “Jute Bell Presses”.
• When water at such pressure is issued through a
suitable orifice (generally of 0.2- 0.4 mm dia), the
potential energy of water is converted into kinetic energy,
yielding a high velocity jet (1000 m/s).
• Such high velocity water jet can machine thin
sheets/foils of aluminium, leather, textile, frozen food etc.

10. Variation With Mixing Ratio

11. Alternates Of AWJM
• Mechanical Processes
⎯USM
⎯AJM
⎯WJM
• Thermal Processes
⎯EBM
⎯LBM
⎯PAM
⎯ EDM and WEDM

12. • Electrical Processes
⎯ECM
⎯EDG
⎯EJD
• Chemical Processes
⎯Chemical milling
⎯ Photo chemical machining

13. Application
• Paint removal
• Cutting soft materials
• Cutting frozen meat
• Textile, Leather industry
• Mass Immunization
• Surgery
• Peening
• Cutting
• Pocket Milling
• Drilling

14. References
http://nptel.ac.in/courses/112105127/pdf/LM-3
Manufacturing Science by Amitabh Ghosh
& Ashok Kumar Malik
 P. J. Engels, Impact wear of materials,
Chapter 4 by Finnie, Elsevier
Production Engineering by Kalpika Jain