MangrovesEcosystem and coral reefs in sea

1. Dharmesh Patel

2. What are Mangroves?
“Mangue” – tropical evergreen tree
“Grove” - copse
Woody trees or shrubs found at the sea/land interface
in tropical estuaries.
3 types:- 1)Riverine;
2)Tide-dominated;
3)Basin Mangroves

3. Mangrove Swamps
If there are no mangrove forests, then the sea will have
no meaning. It is like having a tree with no roots, for the
mangroves are the roots of the sea."

4. Mangroves wetlands
Mostly dicots—Myrtales
and Rhizophorales
(representing about 50%
of the species)
Families: Avicenniaceae,
Rhizophoraceae,
Combretaceae,
Sonneratiaceae.
Palmae- One monocot
Nypa fruticans

5. New World mangroves
Red = Rhizophora mangle (Rhizophoraceae)
Black = Avicinia germinans (Rhizophoraceae)
White = Laguncularia racemosa (Combretaceae)

6. Mangroves structures
Mangrove swamps are
found along tropical
seacoasts on both sides of
the equator
The term "mangrove" refers
both to the many species of
salt tolerant trees which
may be found in a
mangrove swamp, and to
the actual area in which
these salt tolerant trees are
dominant.

7. Function of Mangroves
Mangrove root systems provide a filtering system for
run-off from the guts of our islands, allowing the
sediments to be removed before entering open water.
This sediment would otherwise cover and kill coral reef
colonies.
Protect land from
soil erosion
Pollution control
Flood control
Provide food
Nursery areas

8. Value of Mangroves
Flood control
Nursery for many
species of marine life
Pharmaceutical
Economic
Mangroves are a rich source of timber which can be
harvested on a sustainable basis.
Some mangrove animals, like the proboscis monkeys
of Borneo with their unusual noses, are tourist
attractions and thus generate income.

9. Mangrove importance
Fisheries:
Timber and plant products:
Coastal protection:
Tourism:

10. Mangrove importance
Food
Edible fruits and honey from flowers of some species.
River mangrove—source of best honey.
Medicines
Treatment of skin disorders and sores including
leprosy. Headaches, rheumatism, snakebites, boils,
ulcers, diarrhea, and many more conditions are
traditionally treated with mangrove plants.
Hard wood
Used for boat building and cabinet timber.

11. Mangrove importance
Habitats, nurseries, and nesting sites.
Root systems –harbor many organisms that trap and
cycle nutrients and other chemicals.
Contribute to higher water quality.
Protect shorelines from erosion

13. Coral reefs
One of the most biological diverse and productive
ecosystem
Found in warm, clear and shallow tropical oceans
On CaCO3 substrate deposited by reef building corals
(50% of all Ca deposit in the sea) and other calcified
organisms.
Provide shelters and food to fish

14. Types of reefs: fringe, barrier,
atolls
Atolls “final stage of tropical island development”
(Charles Darwin 1942, Structure and Development of
Coral Reefs”)

17. Why is diversity so high in coral
reefs and rain forest?
On nutrient poor water
High level of mutualism
and symbiosis
High productivity and
high rates of nutrient
cycling
Finely divided niches
Control by herbivores
and competitions?
Video on coral reefs.

18. We are responsible for what we
do, don’t lets others suffer…
Keep calm and save nature….