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Presented by:
Arundhati P. Dolas
M.Sc.- II RM & Ergonomics
2014-15
Content:
1. Definition
2. Distinguish between creativity and innovation
3. Measuring Creativity
4. Creativity in various context
5. Fostering Creativity
6. Enhancing Creativity
7. Creativity Techniques
04/01/2015 2
Definition
• “Creativity is defined as the tendency to
generate or recognize ideas, alternatives, or
possibilities that may be useful in solving
problems, communicating with others, and
entertaining ourselves and others.” – Robert
E. Franken, Human Motivation
• “Creativity is generating new ideas and
concepts, or making connections between
ideas where none previously existed.” –
Mitchell Rigie and Keith Harmeyer,
SmartStorming
04/01/2015 3
• “Creativity is seeing what everyone else has
seen, and thinking what no one else has
thought.” – Einstein, quoted in Creativity,
Design and Business Performance
04/01/2015 4
Distinguish between creativity and
innovation
• Creativity is typically used to refer to the act
of producing new ideas, approaches or actions.
• Innovation is the process of both generating
and applying such creative ideas in some
specific context.
04/01/2015 5
• Creativity is what happens when you are
brainstorming ways to solve a problem.
• Innovation requires taking action and
often refers to something that has
been created and put to the test.
04/01/2015 6
• innovation "begins with creative ideas,„
• "...creativity by individuals and teams is
a starting point for innovation; the first
is a necessary but not sufficient
condition for the second.„
04/01/2015 7
Measuring Creativity
• How to Measure Creativity? Or What is Creativity
Quotient??
– Guilford's Psychometric approach
04/01/2015 8
Psychologist J. P. Guilford devised four
measures of a person's divergent
production. Each of the measures can be
practiced and improved, and each focuses on
creative output in the context of a prompt that
asks for a quantity of responses.
• Fluency: how many responses
• Flexibility: how many types of responses
• Originality: the unusualness of the
responses
• Elaboration: the detail of the responses
04/01/2015 9
04/01/2015 10
04/01/2015 11
Creativity in various context
Role of Creativity in Organizational
Growth
• Generation of ideas for new technologies
• Generation of ideas for improvement in Product / Service
Design like
– for more value addition
– for simplification,
– for adding more features,
– for standardization
– for ergonomic considerations (enhancing human
convenience in use)
– for improving product reliabilty
– for increasing product life cycle
04/01/2015 12
Role of Creativity in
Organizational Growth
• Generation of ideas for improvement in Process Design
like
– for smooth flow of materials
– for increasing ease in manufacturing
– for reducing work-in-process inventories
– for reducing wastages
– for improving quality
– for improving process efficiency
– for improving safety
04/01/2015 13
Role of Creativity in
Organizational Growth
• Generation of ideas for improvement in
machines, tools etc.
• Generation of ideas for converting process
waste into useful byproduct
• Generation of ideas for improvement in
productive capacity
• Generation of ideas for improvement in
Human Resources
04/01/2015 14
Fostering Creativity
• Eliminate criticism
• Encourage “brainwriting”
• Create a culture that rewards ideas
04/01/2015 15
Enhancing Creativity
 Open your mind to unexplored paths.
 Read more.
 Tell stories.
 Be curious.
 Don’t be afraid to try something
new.
 Expand your interests.
 Develop your talents.
 Spend time with creative people.
 Look at things differently.
 Condition your mind to relax
through meditation techniques.
04/01/2015 16
Creativity Techniques
1. Classical Brainstorming
2. Brain Writing
3. Mind Mapping
4. Five Ws and H
5. SCAMPER
6. Analogies
04/01/2015 17
Classical Brainstorming
• The basis of Brainstorming is generating
ideas in a group situation based on the
principle of suspending. The generation
phase is separate from the judgment
phase of thinking.
04/01/2015 18
Basic rules for Brainstorming are:
 The facilitator writes down all the ideas on a large
sheet of paper or board;
 The participants call their spontaneous ideas as a
 reaction on the problem definition
 The participants associate on each others ideas;
 The participants do not express
their critics on each others
ideas and;
 The participants try to do this
at a high speed.04/01/2015 19
BrainWriting
• BrainWriting is a technique similar to brainstorming.
There are many varieties, but the general process is that
all ideas are recorded by the individual who thought of
them.
• They are then passed on to the next person who uses
them as a trigger for their own ideas.
• BrainWriting enables people who have ideas but are
concerned about voicing them in a broader group to
anonymously make them visible. They thus do not have
to ‘compete’ with others to be heard.
• It can speed things up because everyone is offering
ideas all of the time.
04/01/2015 20
Mind Mapping
 Mind mapping, also called ‘spider diagrams’ represents ideas, notes,
information etc. in far-reaching tree-diagrams.
 To draw a mind map:
 Lay-out a large sheet of paper in landscape format and write a concise
heading for the overall theme in the center of the page.
 For each major sub-topic or cluster of material, start a new major
branch form the central theme, and label it.
04/01/2015 21
04/01/2015 22
 Each sub-sub-topic or sub-cluster forms a subordinate
branch to the appropriate main branch.
 Carry on in this way for every finer sub-branches. It may
be appropriate to put an item in more than one place,
cross-link it to several other items or show relationships
between items on different branches.
 Coding with colour, character or size can do this.
Alternatively, the use of drawings instead of writing may
help bring the diagram to life.
Five Ws and H
• The ‘Five Ws and H’, are six universal question and are an influential,
inspirational and imaginative checklist. The technique uses basic questions
generating prompts
 Who?
 Why?
 What?
 Where?
 When?
 How?
• The ‘Five Ws and H’ is a divergent creativity technique and can be used
during the early stages of problem solving to gather information and to
define more detailed the main problems to be solved.
04/01/2015 23
SCAMPER
The SCAMPER technique is a checklist that will assist in
thinking of changes that can be made to an existing product
to create a new one.
• ‘SCAMPER’ stands for the following seven kinds of
potential product changes:
04/01/2015 24
04/01/2015 25
Analogies
• Analogies are used to estrange the
participants themselves from the original
problem statement and to come up with
inspiration for new solutions and
approaches.
04/01/2015 26
04/01/2015 27
04/01/2015 28
• http://multiview.com/associations/resource
s/how-to-foster-creativity-in-the-
workplace#sthash
• https://www.google.co.in
• www.keepinspiring.me/quotes-about-
creativity-imagination-and-innovation/
• http://www.mycoted.com/creativity/techniq
ues/
• http://creatingminds.org/tools/tools_all.htm04/01/2015 29
04/01/2015 30

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CREATIVITY!!!

  • 1. Presented by: Arundhati P. Dolas M.Sc.- II RM & Ergonomics 2014-15
  • 2. Content: 1. Definition 2. Distinguish between creativity and innovation 3. Measuring Creativity 4. Creativity in various context 5. Fostering Creativity 6. Enhancing Creativity 7. Creativity Techniques 04/01/2015 2
  • 3. Definition • “Creativity is defined as the tendency to generate or recognize ideas, alternatives, or possibilities that may be useful in solving problems, communicating with others, and entertaining ourselves and others.” – Robert E. Franken, Human Motivation • “Creativity is generating new ideas and concepts, or making connections between ideas where none previously existed.” – Mitchell Rigie and Keith Harmeyer, SmartStorming 04/01/2015 3
  • 4. • “Creativity is seeing what everyone else has seen, and thinking what no one else has thought.” – Einstein, quoted in Creativity, Design and Business Performance 04/01/2015 4
  • 5. Distinguish between creativity and innovation • Creativity is typically used to refer to the act of producing new ideas, approaches or actions. • Innovation is the process of both generating and applying such creative ideas in some specific context. 04/01/2015 5
  • 6. • Creativity is what happens when you are brainstorming ways to solve a problem. • Innovation requires taking action and often refers to something that has been created and put to the test. 04/01/2015 6
  • 7. • innovation "begins with creative ideas,„ • "...creativity by individuals and teams is a starting point for innovation; the first is a necessary but not sufficient condition for the second.„ 04/01/2015 7
  • 8. Measuring Creativity • How to Measure Creativity? Or What is Creativity Quotient?? – Guilford's Psychometric approach 04/01/2015 8
  • 9. Psychologist J. P. Guilford devised four measures of a person's divergent production. Each of the measures can be practiced and improved, and each focuses on creative output in the context of a prompt that asks for a quantity of responses. • Fluency: how many responses • Flexibility: how many types of responses • Originality: the unusualness of the responses • Elaboration: the detail of the responses 04/01/2015 9
  • 12. Creativity in various context Role of Creativity in Organizational Growth • Generation of ideas for new technologies • Generation of ideas for improvement in Product / Service Design like – for more value addition – for simplification, – for adding more features, – for standardization – for ergonomic considerations (enhancing human convenience in use) – for improving product reliabilty – for increasing product life cycle 04/01/2015 12
  • 13. Role of Creativity in Organizational Growth • Generation of ideas for improvement in Process Design like – for smooth flow of materials – for increasing ease in manufacturing – for reducing work-in-process inventories – for reducing wastages – for improving quality – for improving process efficiency – for improving safety 04/01/2015 13
  • 14. Role of Creativity in Organizational Growth • Generation of ideas for improvement in machines, tools etc. • Generation of ideas for converting process waste into useful byproduct • Generation of ideas for improvement in productive capacity • Generation of ideas for improvement in Human Resources 04/01/2015 14
  • 15. Fostering Creativity • Eliminate criticism • Encourage “brainwriting” • Create a culture that rewards ideas 04/01/2015 15
  • 16. Enhancing Creativity  Open your mind to unexplored paths.  Read more.  Tell stories.  Be curious.  Don’t be afraid to try something new.  Expand your interests.  Develop your talents.  Spend time with creative people.  Look at things differently.  Condition your mind to relax through meditation techniques. 04/01/2015 16
  • 17. Creativity Techniques 1. Classical Brainstorming 2. Brain Writing 3. Mind Mapping 4. Five Ws and H 5. SCAMPER 6. Analogies 04/01/2015 17
  • 18. Classical Brainstorming • The basis of Brainstorming is generating ideas in a group situation based on the principle of suspending. The generation phase is separate from the judgment phase of thinking. 04/01/2015 18
  • 19. Basic rules for Brainstorming are:  The facilitator writes down all the ideas on a large sheet of paper or board;  The participants call their spontaneous ideas as a  reaction on the problem definition  The participants associate on each others ideas;  The participants do not express their critics on each others ideas and;  The participants try to do this at a high speed.04/01/2015 19
  • 20. BrainWriting • BrainWriting is a technique similar to brainstorming. There are many varieties, but the general process is that all ideas are recorded by the individual who thought of them. • They are then passed on to the next person who uses them as a trigger for their own ideas. • BrainWriting enables people who have ideas but are concerned about voicing them in a broader group to anonymously make them visible. They thus do not have to ‘compete’ with others to be heard. • It can speed things up because everyone is offering ideas all of the time. 04/01/2015 20
  • 21. Mind Mapping  Mind mapping, also called ‘spider diagrams’ represents ideas, notes, information etc. in far-reaching tree-diagrams.  To draw a mind map:  Lay-out a large sheet of paper in landscape format and write a concise heading for the overall theme in the center of the page.  For each major sub-topic or cluster of material, start a new major branch form the central theme, and label it. 04/01/2015 21
  • 22. 04/01/2015 22  Each sub-sub-topic or sub-cluster forms a subordinate branch to the appropriate main branch.  Carry on in this way for every finer sub-branches. It may be appropriate to put an item in more than one place, cross-link it to several other items or show relationships between items on different branches.  Coding with colour, character or size can do this. Alternatively, the use of drawings instead of writing may help bring the diagram to life.
  • 23. Five Ws and H • The ‘Five Ws and H’, are six universal question and are an influential, inspirational and imaginative checklist. The technique uses basic questions generating prompts  Who?  Why?  What?  Where?  When?  How? • The ‘Five Ws and H’ is a divergent creativity technique and can be used during the early stages of problem solving to gather information and to define more detailed the main problems to be solved. 04/01/2015 23
  • 24. SCAMPER The SCAMPER technique is a checklist that will assist in thinking of changes that can be made to an existing product to create a new one. • ‘SCAMPER’ stands for the following seven kinds of potential product changes: 04/01/2015 24
  • 26. Analogies • Analogies are used to estrange the participants themselves from the original problem statement and to come up with inspiration for new solutions and approaches. 04/01/2015 26
  • 29. • http://multiview.com/associations/resource s/how-to-foster-creativity-in-the- workplace#sthash • https://www.google.co.in • www.keepinspiring.me/quotes-about- creativity-imagination-and-innovation/ • http://www.mycoted.com/creativity/techniq ues/ • http://creatingminds.org/tools/tools_all.htm04/01/2015 29