This presentation talks about the basics of transportation planning. The transportation jargons that are used like ROW, Carriage way etc. It also talks about the Road hierarchy, Intersections, Road Capacity and Level of Service.
1. Dhwani ShahDhwani Shah
Assistant ProfessorAssistant Professor
Bhaikaka Centre for Human SettlementsBhaikaka Centre for Human Settlements
APIED, V.V. NagarAPIED, V.V. Nagar
dhwani.shah@apied.edu.indhwani.shah@apied.edu.in
2.
What is a Transportation System?
Road Hierarchy
Common Terms -Road Section
Contents
Common Terms -Road Section
Intersections
Traffic Flow/Volume
Capacity & Level of Service
Transportation Modes
3.
What is a Transportation System?
Network of physical components that help in the
transportation of goods and people from one place to
another.
Physical components can be referred to as the Physical components can be referred to as the
facilities. It comprises of
fixed infrastructure
flow entities
control system
4.
Physical Infrastructure
Physical components of the system fixed in space
Links
(road network, railway network, etc)(road network, railway network, etc)
Nodes
(junctions, interchanges, bus stops, railway stations)
5.
Flow Entities
Units that traverse (travel across/through) the fixed facilities -
vehicles, trains
Road system has to accommodate a wide variety of vehicle types
CyclesCycles
Pedestrians
Cars
2 wheelers
Tempo
Trucks
Hand rickshaw
Tractor-trailer
6.
Control System
Means which are required for the efficient and smooth
operation of streams of vehicles and the reduction of
conflicts between vehicles.
Signage
Street Markings
Signal systems
8. EXPRESSWAYS
Controlled access
Grade separated at
junctions
High traffic volume at
ARTERIAL STREETS
Principal network for
through traffic
Restricted access from
carriageway to the side High traffic volume at
high speeds
Trips of medium and
long lengths
Eg: Ahmedabad-
Vadodara Expressway
Essential that they are
continuous
Connect CBD and suburban
areas
Parking restricted
Eg: Chikodara Choki-
Ganesh-Janta-karamsad Road
9. SUB-ARTERIAL STREETS
Emphasis on connecting to
adjoining areas
May be divided or
COLLECTOR STREETS
Collects and distributes
traffic from local streets
and provides access to
Sub-arterial/ Arterial
May be divided or
undivided
Signalized at intersections
with arterial streets
Parking restricted and
controlled
Sub-arterial/ Arterial
streets
Generally undivided; may
be divided in some cases
Less parking restrictions;
some in peak hour
10. LOCAL STREETS
Intended for local use on
which through traffic is to
be discouraged.
Unrestricted parking
ACCESS STREETS
These are used for access
functions to adjoining
properties and areas.
Unrestricted parking A majority of trips in
urban areas usually
originate or terminate on
these streets.
Unrestricted parking
11.
Design Speed and Space Standards
Sr.
No.
Road Types Design Speed
(kmph)
Space
Standards (m)
1 Urban Expressway 80 50-60
2 Arterial Road 50 50-80
3 Sub-Arterial Road 50 30-50
4 Distributor/ Collector Road 30 12-30
5 Local Street 10-20 12-20
6 Access Street 15 6-15
Source: URDPFI Guidelines, 2014. Ministry of Urban Development
12. RIGHT OF WAY
The road width available for public purpose.
It is the width between properties on opposite sides in the
public domain.
COMMON TERMS (ROAD)
public domain.
It will include all elements that make up the cross section of
the street (bitumen top, central verge, lighting, parking,
footpath, shoulder etc.)
CARRIAGEWAY
A carriageway is the main track of a road or a street, also
known as roadway, driveway or carriage track.
Commonly referred to as ‘black top’ or ‘bitumen top
14. ROAD SHOULDER
A road shoulder is a strip of land immediately
adjacent to the traffic lane of a road. Road shoulders
are designed to:
Provide a factor of safety for road users who Provide a factor of safety for road users who
accidently leave or are forced to leave the sealed
pavement area, and
Protect the sealed pavement from excess
deterioration.
KERB
A stone or concrete block edging to a pavement or
raised path.
15. FOOTPATH
A footpath is a pedestrian route, that is intended for
pedestrian walking use and from which other forms of
traffic are excluded and prohibitedtraffic are excluded and prohibited
Generally found on the street edge
STREET FURNITURE
Street furniture is a collective term for objects and pieces of
equipment installed on streets and roads for various purposes,
including traffic barriers, benches, bollards, post boxes, phone
boxes, street lamps, traffic lights, traffic signs, bus stops, taxi
stands, public lavatories, fountains, statues, and waste bins
16.
An intersection is the junction at-grade/on the
same level, of two or more roads either meeting
or crossing.
Intersections
or crossing.
Types of Intersection
T Junction
Y Junction
Staggered
Cross Road
Scissor Junction
Multi-leg Junction
Roundabout/ circular intersection
24.
Traffic Flow/Volume
Number of vehicles which pass a specified point on
the road over a specified time.
Vehicles/hour
Passenger Car Unit (PCU’s)/hour
Also called Passenger Car Equivalent (PCE)
Annual Average Daily Traffic (AADT)/day
25. Passenger car units (PCU) of different types of vehicles are required to
convert a mixed traffic stream into a homogeneous equivalent, and
thereby to express the mixed traffic flow in terms of equivalent number of
passenger cars.
Passenger Car Unit (PCU)
Source: URDPFI Guidelines, 2014. Ministry of Urban Development
26. Capacity gives an understanding of how much traffic a given
transportation facility can accommodate.
Capacity
27.
Level of service tries to answer how good is the present
traffic situation on a given facility. Thus it gives a
qualitative measure of traffic, where as capacity analysis
gives a quantitative measure of a facility.
Level of Service
gives a quantitative measure of a facility.
For a given road or facility, capacity could be constant.
But actual flow will be different for different days and
different times in a day itself. The intention of LOS is to
relate the traffic service quality to a given flow rate of
traffic.
28.
LOS Qualitative measure
of traffic
V/C
Level of Service = Volume/ Capacity
of traffic
A Free flow 0.35
B Reasonably free flow 0.55
C Stable flow 0.77
D Approaching
unstable flow
0.92
E Unstable flow 1
F Forced or
breakdown flow
>1
Source: Chapter 35. Capacity and Level of Service; NPTEL May 3, 2007
29.
Transportation Modes
Private-
Privately owned not available for use by
the general public.
Public -Public transport is
shared passenger- transport service.
Available to the public, charge set fares,
and run on fixed routes.Modes include city
buses, light rail and passenger
trains, rapid transit.trains, rapid transit.
Para-transit
Informal means of transit. Share autos,
share taxis, maxi cabs etc.
Non- Motorised Transport (NMT)- NMT
is also known as active transportation and
human powered transportation. It includes
walking and bicycling.