This presentation gives an introduction to transportation planning. It talks about what is transportation and its need. It also talks about how transportation has evolved over the period of time and how the city structure and people's behavior changes with it.

1. DhwaniDhwani ShahShah
Assistant ProfessorAssistant Professor
BhaikakaBhaikaka Centre for Human SettlementsCentre for Human Settlements
APIED, V.V. NagarAPIED, V.V. Nagar
dhwani.shah@apied.edu.indhwani.shah@apied.edu.in

2. 
 What is Transportation?
 Need for Transport
 Significance/Importance of Transport
Contents
 Significance/Importance of Transport
 Modes of Transport
 History of Transport

3. 
Transport or transportation is the movement of
people, animals and goods from one location to
What is Transportation?
people, animals and goods from one location to
another.

4. 
 Moving People and Goods
 Why do you need to move People and Goods???
Need for Transport
 Enables people to travel between their homes and
Places of employment, Education and Recreation
 It enables trade between people
 Links the sources of Raw materials, the manufacturing
or processing centres and the markets
 Enables products made at place where cost of
production is less and take advantage of high-price
markets

5. 
Growth ∞ Mobility
 Unifies Village and town- closer to one
Significance/Importance of Transport
 Unifies Village and town- closer to one
another.
 Enhances productivity and introduces new
markets for economic activity
 Technology innovation linked to transport;
which is further linked to People’s behaviour
& Urban City Structure

6. 
Transport modes are the means by which People and
Freight achieve mobility.
Modes of Transport
They fall into one of three basic types, depending on
what surface they travel –
 Land (road, rail and pipelines)
 Water (shipping)
 Air (cable, aircraft, space)

7. 
Changes in the mode of Transport with respect to time
 Early days (Upto 14th Century)
 Medieval period (14th to 19th Century)
History of Transport
 Medieval period (14 to 19 Century)
 Modern period (19th Century & After)
Source: Economic Geography- Factors Influencing the Location of Economic Activity. By- V.A. Janaki

8. 
Land Transport
 The first form of transport was the human foot!
However people eventually learned to use animals for
transport.
Early days (Upto 14th Century)
transport.
 Wood or Stone wheel with axel connecting it. Driven
by Human/Animal.

9. 
River Transport
 Mainly down stream. The boat was taken back up stream Mainly down stream. The boat was taken back up stream
by animals dragging the boat along the shore.
Ocean Transport
 Travel as per Wind directions. At times it used to take
months to get the correct wind direction.
 No navigation tool- North star and Sun direction.

10. 
Cities couldn't to grow after a certain limit.
Mostly self sufficient
Characteristics of Towns
(Early days)
Mostly self sufficient
Industries had limited extent
Initially trade was for High value goods and
Low in Bulk
Perishable goods couldn't be transported

11.  Land Transport
 Lack of good quality All-Weather roads
 Horse collar and Horse shoe invented (Horse could
work for longer hours). Horse hitched to the
wagon/bullock cart, No proper braking system,
Medieval Period (14th to 19th Century)
wagon/bullock cart, No proper braking system,
Problem of overturning
 Line/ track used wooden rails and was operated by
human or animal power

12. 
 Water Transport
 Invention of Compass- Latitude Longitude
 Zig-Zag movement was used to reach for Inland water
Medieval Period (14th to 19th Century)
 Zig-Zag movement was used to reach for Inland water
transport.
 Canals : Artificial waterways made for the purpose of
irrigation or navigation or both.
 Air Transport
 Hot Air Balloon

13. 
 Land Transport
 Rail Transport Introduced
 Rail - Steam engine, electricity based
Modern Period (19th Century & After)
 Rail - Steam engine, electricity based
 Rail-Less Polluting, Economic- compared to road
transport
 Alternate fuels for vehicles- Petrol, Diesel, Liquefied
Petroleum Gas (LPG), Battery Operated

14.  Light Rail Transit (LRT)
Uses a right of way which is physically segregated from other traffic
or may share some sections with road traffic.
 Mass Rapid Transit (MRT)/ Metro
Modern Period -Rail based
 Mass Rapid Transit (MRT)/ Metro
Completely segregated, operate in trains of around 6 or more vehicles.
 Sub-Urban
Fully segregated, widely spaced stations
 Unique Examples for Freight movement:
 Dedicated Freight Corridor (DFC)
 Roll on- Roll off (Ro-Ro) in Konkan Rail

15. 
Comparison
LRT MRT Sub-Regional Rail
Operating speeds
(kmph)
20-40 25-60 40-70
(kmph)
Station spacing (m) 300-800 500-2000 >2000
Average journey
length
Short-medium Medium-long Long
Source: Transport Planning and Traffic Engineering by CAO’ Flaherty

16. 
Road Transport
 Roads
 All weather roads
 Macadam Roads-
Construction crushed
 Movement of People
 Private Transport
 Car
 Auto-3W
Construction crushed
stone or gravel is placed
on the compacted base
course and bound
together with asphalt
cement or hot tar and
rolled.
 Express ways
 Auto-3W
 2W
 Cycle
 Public Transport
 Bus
 Tram
 Freight Transport
 Truck
 Trolley

17. 
 Water Transport
 Steam Boat/ Ship, Diesel, Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO) , Low
Sulphur Fuel Oil (LSFO)
Modern Period (19th Century & After)
 Material advancement - Cast iron, Wrought iron,
Bessamer steel
 Container based transport, Ship for liquid cargo
 Jetty, Dredging, Breakwater

18. 
 Air transport Introduced
 The Wright Brothers flew the first ever plane in 1903
 Helicopter invented in 1907
Modern Period (19th Century & After)
 Helicopter invented in 1907
 Jet planes and solar powered airplane
 Higher capacity aircrafts with higher fuel capacity

19. 
 Pipeline transport Introduced
 Pipelines exist for the transport of crude and refined
petroleum, fuels - such as oil, natural gas and biofuels
Modern Period (19th Century & After)
petroleum, fuels - such as oil, natural gas and biofuels
- and other fluids including sewage and water.
 Help minimize impacts due to evaporation, pollution,
or environmental impact; reduces losses.