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For YOUR
Climate Zone
PV2 San Diego 2015
Stefan Sobkowiak, M.Sc, MLA

www.miracle.farm
I am not here to change your way of
growing
Diego Footer
Lush Cosmetics
Sponsorship
2 presentations
YOU??
Thank you
Want to work in an inspiring
environment?
Save years of trial and error?
Save 1000's of Dollars?
Want a business that can gross $1/
ft2 ($10/m2) and regenerates life?
$1/ft2
With
Less work
More yield
More fun?
That can be profitable in first year?
While you grow in peace, joy and
patience?
Utopic? Unrealistic?
Wakeup: lose 50 turkeys to a
raccoon in one night
Lose 45 chickens to a mink in a day.
There are marvellous days
And challenging days
Days of great joy
And great heartaches, nursery eaten!
Zone 5b (Canada) warmest zone Qc

Zone 4 US
Brief History
Purchased conventional orchard in December '92
(12 years old)
4,000 dwarf M-26
apple trees on 5 HA
(12 acres)
Brief History
Organic transition '93-'96
Certified organic '96-'00
Not certified since but
maintaining organic
standards.
Brief History: Replant
Decline '01
Start nursery '02-'03
Nursery trees ready fall '03
Trees all eaten winter '03
Start over '04
Ready fall '05
Trees eaten winter '05
Start again '06
Lesson learned: Plant in the FALL
And protect young trees with guards
Use mouse traps or poison in nursery when snow
Brief History: Permaculture Orchard
2006 tore out, redesign
2007 replanted .5 ha.
Permaculture Orchard
2008 '' .5 ha “ “
2009 replanted .5 ha. “ “
(1.25 acre)
Want this presentation?
Text: your email to (514) 830-9640
Your email + Name + PO presentation
My Mission: 1000ha, 1000 people, 50
countries adopt Permaculture Orchard model
That's why I am here
My OBSERVATIONS:
Nature is well designed
Nature has stood the test of time
We can copy nature
Killing is not the solution

(pesticides, fungicides, herbicides
1% vs 99%)
People demand better and are
informed
Let's return to a model in harmony
with nature
Many examples of the model are
being established
France, Conservatoire d'Aquitaine
Sweeden, Alnarp, Swedish Univ. of Biol. Sciences
New Zealand
La Pocatière, Qc, ITA La Pocatière
+100 private properties or farms
If a Permaculture Orchard is in your
future? You're in the right place
How is a Permaculture Orchard
different?
By design:

Polyculture not monoculture
By design:
Design the solutions
into the orchard
Solutions last a long
time
Different by biodiversity
Allies do most of the work
(fertilize, pest control, mowing)
Different:
INFORMATION vs INPUTS
INFO vs INPUTS
1X in the life 1X or more per season
of the orchard
ex. TRIOS
Different: working with nature
Different:
Marketing


(our farm
membership
Upick)
Different: planted by harvest date
multi-species and cultivars/ row
How Beyond Organic? I was
organic, not a functional ecosystem
I tried to diversify 100 sheep on 5ha
Large scale monoculture is not a
functional ecosystem
Focus on the positive (what can I
DO) not on the negative
Details of Permaculture Orchard
TRIO: NAP
(1 nitrogen fixer - 2 fruit trees)
(1 nitrogen fixer - 1 fruit - 1 nut)
Each fruit tree is next to a N-fixer
TRIO: N (n-fixer)-Apple-Pear or Plum
Repeated Pattern: N A1 P1, N A2 P2, N A3 P3...
A1 = Apple cultivar 1, A2 = Apple cultivar 2,
A3 = Apple cultivar 3
P1 = pear (or plum) cultivar 1,...
Orchard Pattern is not a bad idea
MONOCULTURE Orchard pattern IS a bad idea
N nitrogen fixers we use
(Gleditsia triacanthos
inermis) Honey locust
(Robinia pseudoacacia)
Black locust
Shrubs:
Caragana
Seaberry (Hippophae r.)
Buffaloberry (Eleagnus
commutata)
(Eleagnus angustifolia)
Russian olive
Goal: never 2 apple trees touch...
In the row
and
between
rows
DUH!!!
Paradigm shift for Fruit Growing industry.
TREE TRIOS give 60-80%? of
positive results
Layers For Newbies
1 - 2 - 3 (TRIOS - Horizontal)
1 Vertical
2 TRIOS
3
4 (grass)
5 (vine)
Layer 2 = Shrubs: 1-4/ tree
Gooseberry
Black and red currant
Haskap
Aronia
Amelanchier
Raspberry
Rhubarb
Gooseberry 4 cvs
Amelanchier (A. alnifolia) 8 cvs?
Perennials
Perennials:
Alliums (onions)
Herbs
Perennial
vegetables
Perennials: 16/ tree
Perennials (2x8) :
Alliums
Herbs
Perennial
vegetables
Vines climb on N-fixers only

1 vine/ tree
Grape
Kiwi
How many plants for 1 acre?(.4ha)
450 trees
minimum 450 shrubs
16 x 450 = 7,200 perennials + ground-cover
vines = 150
Total = minimum of 8,250 plants
Just Do It
Start a nursery
Just Do It
Start a nursery:
70’x 30’= 1000 trees
(23m x 9m)
Grocery store concept
73
Month = 3 x 10 day HARVEST
3 + HARVEST periods/ year
July Small Fruit, Herbs, Flowers…
Raising poultry on grass in the
aisles
Advantages of Permaculture Orchard
Something is
REALLY working
● Trees blooming from
early May to end of
June, 60 days.
● VS 10 days (apple)
From 4 to 23 hives in 1 week
Abundance of Pollination
No fertilizers since
2007
● Very good growth and
fruiting
Advantage:
REDUCED
INPUTS
25-30 sprays
(conventional)
vs 6 us (whey)
Advantage: INCREASED
BIODIVERSITY
Advantage:
Diversity
of Yields
Advantage: Easy, Logical to Harvest
Advantage: More Wildlife
More FUN to work in.
Advantage: Impulse Buying
(Marketing U-Pick… Tomorrow at 3)
More FUN to work in.
Advantage: More FUN
Permaculture Orchard
Looks, smells, feels more like a forest.
= Disadvantage
Disadvantage: More mosquitos
Disadvantage: OVER pollination
Disadvantage: Need More
Containers
Steep LEARNING CURVE
Orcharding
Pruning and Training
Animal Husbandry
Soil biology
Irrigation
U-pick marketing
Direct marketing
Systems Design
Lesson: Know yourself
Know yourself
Se connaitre
Sharing know how
Innovate: Rabbit Roller cage
Innovate: 

Biotope for

20+ species 

of wildlife
LUSH
cosmetics $$
Innovate: Apple Maggot Fly trap
(Rhagoletes)
What do you love?
Futur Miracle Farms?
4ha of Permaculture
Orchard
+ grassfed meats
Fill plantings, gross
$1/ft2 ($10/m2)
+Biotopes
Bio Climatic building
+Tours, workshops,
interns, courses
How can I help you?
Watch the 3 videos
Update 2014
Friend or follow: Les Fermes Miracle
Farms on Facebook
Attend a tour:
Tours 2015:
1st Saturday of month
(may-oct)
Reserve:
www.miracle.farm
Internship: www.miracle.farm/stages
2 day forest

garden course
2 day
Permaculture
Orchard course
Watch the film
Read my books
+ QnA book
Want a hard copy:
www.miracle.farm/book
Design Exercise: Magic Model
Base done in 5 minutes
to a 7 year old level
Use materials at hand
PLAY
Goal: Design 2 trios for your climatic
region
Trio: 3 Trees
3 Shrubs
3 Perennial species
Can add more levels
This Design Exercise is meant to:
Help you design a Permaculture Orchard for your
climatic zone.
Help you see new possibilities.
Show you a way of using a simple model
technique.
This Design Exercise is meant to:
Teach you to play with design rather than work at
design.
Begin discussions of climatically adapted patterns
(trios) of the Permaculture Orchard.
Climatic Regions
Cold Temperate
Warm Temperate (USDA
zone 7+)
Subtropical
Tropical
Cold Desert (High)
Hot Desert
Mediterranean (Byron?)
Elements & Assumptions
of Trio 1, Trio 2
Designers:
Climatic zone _____________________ Number of layers __

Trio species __________________, ___________________,  _____________________

Trio species __________________, ___________________,  _____________________

Shrub species __________________, ___________________,  __________________	 

Shrub species __________________, ___________________,  __________________	 

Ground layer species  __________________, ___________________,  ____________

Ground layer species  __________________, ___________________,  ____________

Vines ____________________________________, ____________________________

Other   __________________, ___________________,  ___________________

closed __ or open __ canopy 

Row orientation N-S __, E-W __, NE- SW ___, NW-SE __, Curved__, Circle__

Assumptions: Flat __, Rolling __, Slope ___  % slope ___, 

Slope Orientation: N __, S__, E __, W __ Soil: Loam __, Clay __, Silt ___, Sand ___

Water source: Rain __, Swale __, Pond __, Well __

	 

Photograph the trios and post to your FB (+tag me) or my FB page (les fermes
miracle farms) or both.  Or send as email attachment to info@miracle.farm
Thank you
Www.permacultureorchard.com
Www.miracle.farm
info@miracle.farm
Stefan Sobkowiak

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