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Muscles Of Facial Expression
1. NERVE INNERVATIONS
&
ITS APPLIED ANATOMY
Seminar By,
Dr. Jacob Abraham
Dept. Of Orthodontics
S.R.M. Dental College,
Chennai, India
2. The face is the mirror of the mind, and eyes without
speaking confess the secrets of the heart.
St. Jerome
3. MUSCLES OF FACIAL EXPRESSION
Generally from skull to skin
Innervated by facial nerve
(CN VII)
Sphincters and dilators
around mouth (lips), eyes,
nostrils
Wrinkle lines perpendicular
to muscle fibres
4. There are 17 Muscles
2. Frontal Belly Of Occipitofrontalis
3. Corrugator Super cilia
4. Orbicularis Occuli
5. Compressor Naris
6. Dilator Naris
7. Procerus
8. Depressor Septi
9. Nasalis
10. Buccinator
11. Zygomaticus Major and Minor
12. Levator labii Superioris alaeque nasi
13. Depressor anguli oris
14. Levator Anguli Superioris
15. Depressor Labii Inferioris
16. Orbicularis Oris
17. Risorius
18. Mentalis
5. MUSCLES OF FACIAL EXPRESSION
Frontal Belly of Ocipito
frontalis:
Orgin : Galea
Aponeurotica
Insertion: Orbicularis
oculi and adjacent skin
Action: Draws scalp
forward and raises
eyebrows
6. MUSCLES AROUND THE EYE
Sphincter: Orbicularis oculi
(Orbital, palpebral and
lacrimal parts)
Blink (spread tears across
cornea) and close eyes tightly
Note: elevators of upper lid
innervated by CN III,
sympathetics
7. MUSCLES OF EYE
Orbicularis oculi
Sphincter muscle of eyelid
O: frontal & maxillary bones
I: tissue of eyelid
Action: closes eye
Nerve: facial / CN VII
8. MUSCLES AROUND THE NOSE
Procerus - wrinkles skin
of nose
Compressor nares –
lateral to bridge of nose
compresses nasal
cartilage.
Dilator nares - lateral to
nostrils – dilates
9. MUSCLES OF FACIAL EXPRESSION
Zygomaticus Major an
d Minor
Orgin: zygomatic bone
Insertion: corners of mouth
Action: smiling
Nerve: facial / CN VII
10. MUSCLES AROUND THE MOUTH
Numerous dilators
(levators/depressors of
upper/lower lip and angle
of mouth)
Buccinator
Sphincter: Orbicularis oris
Surrounds/closes mouth
12. MUSCLES OF FACIAL EXPRESSION
Buccinator
Orgin: Maxilla and
Mandible
Insertion: Angle of
the mouth
Action: Retracts
angle of mouth
13. Buccinator Muscle
Superior Pharyngeal
Constrictor (SC)
Pterygomandibular raphe (PR)
Middle Pharyngeal Constrictor
(MC)
Tonsillar Branch Of Facial
Artery (1)
Glossopharyngeal nerve (2)
Stylohyoid ligament (3)
The pterygomandibular raphe
serves as an insertion point for
two muscles:
Superior constrictor and
Buccinator
15. SMILING MUSCLES FROWNING MUSCLES
Orbicularis Oculi: close Frontalis: elevate
eyelid eyebrows
Nasalis: compress/dilate Orbicularis Oris: closes
nasal openings mouth
Levator Labii Superioris: Depressor Anguli Oris:
raise upper lip draw angle of mouth
Levator Anguli Superioris: downward
raise angle of mouth Depressor Labii Inferioris:
upward lowers lower lip
Zygomaticus: draw angle Mentalis: draws chin up
of mouth upward Platysma: draws lower lip
Risorius: draw angle of down & back
mouth laterally
16.
17. CUTANEOUS INNERVATION OF FACE
Branches of trigeminal
nerve (CN V):
Ophthalmic (V1)
Maxillary (V2)
Mandibular (V3)
Cervical plexus branches
(C2)
Lesser occipital
Great auricular
Greater occipital nerve
(dorsal ramus of C2)
18.
19. MUSCLES & NERVE SUPPLY
Orbicularis oculi Temporal and
zygomatic branches
Muscles of Upper Lip and Buccal Branch
Buccinator, Levator Anguli Oris
Risorius and Mandibular Branch
muscles of lower lip
Platysma Cervical Branch
20. FACIAL NERVE
It has both Efferent component and
Afferent component
Efferent component supplies all the
muscles and the glands such as the
Lacrimal gland
Submandibular gland
Sublingual gland
Afferent component supplies the
Taste sensation of the Ant.2/3rd of the tongue
21. Innervation Of Muscles Of Facial Expression:
Facial N. (VII)
LMNs in facial nucleus is in inferior pons
Fibres course around abducens nucleus - internal genu
Exits brainstem at cerebellopontine angle with CN VIII
22. Course of facial nerve (CN VII)
Through the petrous part of the temporal
bone:
Through internal acoustic meatus with CN VIII
Into facial canal, along walls of the tympanic cavity
(external genu of facial nerve, geniculate ganglion)
Exits skull via stylomastoid foramen, most
branches go through parotid gland
Temporal
Zygomatic
Buccal
Marginal mandibular
Cervical
Posterior auricular
23.
24. Damage to UMNs, LMNs, or facial nerve
Clinical testing: raise eyebrows, close eyes tightly, smile
Unilateral UMN: contralateral lower 1/2-2/3 of face
paralysed
Unilateral LMN or CN VII: entire ipsilateral face paralysed
(Bell’s palsy)
Lack of blinking
Leaky mouth
Speech difficulties
(other CN VII functions)
25. A lesion involving the nuclear or infranuclear
portion of the facial nerve will produce a
peripheral facial palsy.
If all motor components are involved, there is
complete paralysis of all facial muscles on the
involved side. The brow is smooth, the eye does
not close, the nasolabial fold is flat, and that side
of the mouth droops. There is no movement at
all. The paradigm of this type of involvement is
Bell's palsy.
Idiopathic: Bell's palsy may strike at any age,
often after a mild viral illness. Recovery is over a
period of weeks to months and is variable. The
cause of the idiopathic variety is unknown.
26. Applied Anatomy For Orbicularis Oculi
If any injury to the nerve which supplies that
muscle, it will lead to paralyses of that muscle.
This causes the dropping of lower eyelid ,
called as “Ectropion’’ and
Spilling of tears , called as “Epiphora”.
Some times there will be radiating wrinkles at
the angle of the eye during strong closure. This
called as “Crow’s Feet”
27. Risorisus Sardonicus:
Smile in tetanus
It is the smile like feature in agony due to
pulling of the muscles of the angle