1. ATLAS OF
EYELIDS
OPHTHALMOLOGY
LACRIMAL
By
CONJUNCTIVA
ALAA EL DORGHAMY
& CORNEA
MOHAMAD EL SADANY
SCLERA
Assistant Professor of Ophthalmology LENS
Faculty of Medicine
Tanta University

2. THE EYELIDS
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3. THE EYELIDS
NORMAL ANATOMY
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4. THE EYELIDS
NORMAL ANATOMY
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5. THE EYELIDS
NORMAL ANATOMY
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6. THE EYELIDS
NORMAL ANATOMY
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7. THE EYELIDS
MALPOSITION OF THE EYELIDS
Congenital entropion
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8. THE EYELIDS
MALPOSITION OF THE EYELIDS
Involutional (senile) entropion
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9. THE EYELIDS
MALPOSITION OF THE EYELIDS
Cicatricial entropion
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10. THE EYELIDS
MALPOSITION OF THE EYELIDS
Congenital ectropion
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11. THE EYELIDS
MALPOSITION OF THE EYELIDS
Involutional (senile) lower lid ectropion
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12. THE EYELIDS
MALPOSITION OF THE EYELIDS
Mechanical ectropion
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13. THE EYELIDS
MALPOSITION OF THE EYELIDS
Cicatricial lower lid ectropion
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14. THE EYELIDS
MALPOSITION OF THE EYELIDS
paralytic ectropion
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15. THE EYELIDS
EYELID RETRACTION (dysthyroid eye)
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16. THE EYELIDS
EYELID RETRACTION (dysthyroid eye)
3 Lid retraction can be better assessed in downgaze.
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17. THE EYELIDS
PTOSIS
3 Right ptosis and apparent retraction of the contralateral
upper lid due to increased neuronal stimulation of this
levator.
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18. THE EYELIDS
PTOSIS
Congenital ptosis
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19. THE EYELIDS
PTOSIS
Right involutional ptosis.
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20. THE EYELIDS
PTOSIS
Paralytic ptosis (III nerve palsy)
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21. THE EYELIDS
PTOSIS
Horner’s syndrome (sympathetic paralysis)
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22. THE EYELIDS
PTOSIS
Marcus Gunn (Jaw-winking ) ptosis.
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23. THE EYELIDS
PTOSIS
Ocular myopathy
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24. THE EYELIDS
(Dermatochalasis)
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25. THE EYELIDS
EYELID CYSTS AND INFILTRATIONS
Horduolum enternum
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26. THE EYELIDS
EYELID CYSTS AND INFILTRATIONS
Chalazion
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27. THE EYELIDS
EYELID CYSTS AND INFILTRATIONS
Cyst of moll
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28. THE EYELIDS
EYELID CYSTS AND INFILTRATIONS
A cyst of Zeis
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29. THE EYELIDS
EYELID CYSTS AND INFILTRATIONS
Sebaceous cysts
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30. THE EYELIDS
EYELID CYSTS AND INFILTRATIONS
Xanthelasma
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31. THE EYELIDS
EYELID TUMOURS
squamous papilloma
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32. THE EYELIDS
EYELID TUMOURS
Seborrhoeic keratosis
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33. THE EYELIDS
EYELID TUMOURS
Actinic or solar keratosis
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34. THE EYELIDS
EYELID TUMOURS
A keratoanthoma
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35. THE EYELIDS
EYELID TUMOURS
Haemangiomas
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36. THE EYELIDS
EYELID TUMOURS
Neurofibroma
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37. THE EYELIDS
EYELID TUMOURS
Basal cell carcinoma (rodent ulcer )
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38. THE EYELIDS
EYELID TUMOURS
Basal cell carcinomas spread by direct
extension
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39. THE EYELIDS
EYELID TUMOURS
Squamous cell carcinoma
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40. THE EYELIDS
EYELID TUMOURS
Malignant melanoma
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41. THE EYELIDS
EYELID TUMOURS
Meibomian gland carcinoma
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42. THE EYELIDS
EYELID TUMOURS
The more generalized form of meibomian
gland carcinoma
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43. THE EYELIDS
TISSUE DEFICIENCY
Epicanthic folds
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44. THE EYELIDS
TISSUE DEFICIENCY
Blepharophimosis
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45. THE EYELIDS
TISSUE DEFICIENCY
A Congenital lid coloboma
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46. TRAUMA THE EYELIDS
TISSUE DEFICIENCY
Full thickness loss of eyelid tissue, as in this
case following a caustic burn
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47. THE EYELIDS
TISSUE DEFICIENCY
Avulsion of the lower eyelid
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48. THE EYELIDS
TISSUE DEFICIENCY
Upper lid lacerations lacerations
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49. THE LACRIMAL
DRAINAGE SYSTEM
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50. THE LACRIMAL DRAINAGE SYSTEM
APPLIED ANATOMY
Anatomy of the lacrimal drainage system
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51. THE LACRIMAL DRAINAGE SYSTEM
PHYSIOLOGY
Physiology of the lacrimal pump mechanism
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52. THE LACRIMAL DRAINAGE SYSTEM
PHYSIOLOGY
Increased marginal strip stained with fluorescein
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53. THE LACRIMAL DRAINAGE SYSTEM
PROBING
Hard stop ; right : soft stop
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54. THE LACRIMAL DRAINAGE SYSTEM
JONES DYE TESTING
q Jones dye testing. Top : primary test, bottom: secondary test
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55. THE LACRIMAL DRAINAGE SYSTEM
DACRYOCYSTOGRAM
q Right dacryocystogram showing free flow of contrast
medium into the nose despite mild stenosis of the common
canaliculus.
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56. THE LACRIMAL DRAINAGE SYSTEM
DACRYOCYSTOGRAM
q Bilateral dacryocystogram. Right shows some irregularioty
of the common canaliculus , although contrast medium
passes through an otherwise patent lacrimal system. Left
shows complete obstruction high in the sac.
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57. THE LACRIMAL DRAINAGE SYSTEM
PUNCTAL DILATATION
Technique of dilating the inferior punctum
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58. THE LACRIMAL DRAINAGE SYSTEM
PUNCTAL SURGERY
q Two-snip procedure for punctal stenosis: (a) vertical cut; (b)
horizontal cut; (C) final result . MENU

59. THE LACRIMAL DRAINAGE SYSTEM
PUNCTAL ECTROPION
Punctal stenosis due to mild eversion
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60. THE LACRIMAL DRAINAGE SYSTEM
CONGENETAL NASOLACRIMAL DUCT OBSTRUCTION
q Sticky eye due to delayed canalization of the nasolacrimal
duct . MENU

61. THE LACRIMAL DRAINAGE SYSTEM
ACUTE DACRYOSTITIS
q Acute dacryostitis secondary to delayed canalization of the
nasolacrimal duct MENU

62. THE LACRIMAL DRAINAGE SYSTEM
PROBING OF THE NASOLACRIMAL DUCT
Technique of probing of the nasolacrimal duct
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63. THE LACRIMAL DRAINAGE SYSTEM
DACRYOCYSISTORHINOSTOMY
Technique of dacryocysistorhinostomy
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64. THE LACRIMAL DRAINAGE SYSTEM
CANALICULITIS
q Oedema of the left canaliculus due to chronic
canaliculitis
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65. THE LACRIMAL DRAINAGE SYSTEM
CHRONIC CANALICULITIS
q Pouting of the punctum in the patient with
chronic canaliculitis. MENU

66. THE LACRIMAL DRAINAGE SYSTEM
CHRONIC CANALICULITIS
q Expressed concretions in a patient with
chronic canaliculitis . MENU

67. THE LACRIMAL DRAINAGE SYSTEM
ACUTE DACRYOCYSTITIS
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68. THE LACRIMAL DRAINAGE SYSTEM
ACUTE DACRYOCYSTITIS
q Distension of the lacrimal in a patient with acute
dacryocystitis. MENU

69. THE LACRIMAL DRAINAGE SYSTEM
CHRONIC DACRYOCYSTITIS
q Mucocele in a patient with chronic
dacryocystitis MENU

70. THE LACRIMAL DRAINAGE SYSTEM
CHRONIC DACRYOCYSTITIS
q Expression of mucopurulent material in a
patient with chronic dacryocystitis. MENU

71. THE CONJUNCTIVA
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72. THE CONJUNCTIVA
ANATOMY
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73. THE CONJUNCTIVA
CLINICAL EVALUATION OF CONJUNCTIVAL INFLAMMATION
Conjunctival follicles
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74. THE CONJUNCTIVA
CLINICAL EVALUATION OF CONJUNCTIVAL INFLAMMATION
Ì Conjunctival papillae involving the upper
tarsal conjunctiva. MENU

75. THE CONJUNCTIVA
CLINICAL EVALUATION OF CONJUNCTIVAL INFLAMMATION
Severe chemosis MENU

76. THE CONJUNCTIVA
CLINICAL EVALUATION OF CONJUNCTIVAL INFLAMMATION
Scaming of the inferior forniceal conjunctiva
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77. THE CONJUNCTIVA
CLINICAL EVALUATION OF CONJUNCTIVAL INFLAMMATION
Conjunctival pseudomembrane MENU

78. THE CONJUNCTIVA
CLINICAL EVALUATION OF CONJUNCTIVAL INFLAMMATION
Removal of a conjunctival pseudomembrane
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79. THE CONJUNCTIVA
BACTERIAL CONJUNCTIVITIS
Ì Severe crusting of the eyelids in bacterial
conjunctivitis MENU

80. THE CONJUNCTIVA
BACTERIAL CONJUNCTIVITIS
Ì Mucopurulent discharge in bacterial conjunctivitis
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81. THE CONJUNCTIVA
BACTERIAL CONJUNCTIVITIS
Ì Purulent discharge in adult gonococcat conjunctivitis.
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82. THE CONJUNCTIVA
VIRAL CONJUNCTIVITIS
Ì Superior tarsal injection and follicles in severe
adenoviral conjunctivitis. MENU

83. THE CONJUNCTIVA
VIRAL CONJUNCTIVITIS
Ì Subconjunctival haemorrhages in severe adenociral
conjunctivitis. MENU

84. THE CONJUNCTIVA
VIRAL CONJUNCTIVITIS
Ì Conjunctival pseudomembrane in severe adenoviral
conjunctivitis. MENU

85. THE CONJUNCTIVA
VIRAL CONJUNCTIVITIS
Adenoviral keratitis MENU

86. THE CONJUNCTIVA
VIRAL CONJUNCTIVITIS
Adenoviral keratitis
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87. THE CONJUNCTIVA
HERPES SIMPLEX CONJUNCTIVITIS
Herpes simplex biepharoconjunctivitis
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88. THE CONJUNCTIVA
CHLAMYDIAL CONJUNCTIVITIS (TRACHOMA)
q Large follicles in the inferior fornix fomix in adult chlamydial
conjunctivitis . MENU

89. THE CONJUNCTIVA
CHLAMYDIAL CONJUNCTIVITIS (TRACHOMA)
q Follicles and papillae on the superior tarsal
conjunctiva in early active trachoma MENU

90. THE CONJUNCTIVA
CHLAMYDIAL CONJUNCTIVITIS (TRACHOMA)
q Follicles involving the superior palpebral conjunctiva
in adult chlamydial conjunctivits . MENU

91. THE CONJUNCTIVA
CHLAMYDIAL CONJUNCTIVITIS (TRACHOMA)
Marginal infiltrates in adut chlamydial conjunctivitis
(HERBERT ROSETTES ) MENU

92. THE CONJUNCTIVA
CHLAMYDIAL CONJUNCTIVITIS (TRACHOMA)
q Superior micropannus in longstanding chlamydial
conjunctivitis . MENU

93. THE CONJUNCTIVA
CHLAMYDIAL CONJUNCTIVITIS (TRACHOMA)
q Scarring of upper tarsal conjunctiva (Arlt line ) in
chronic trachoma. MENU

94. THE CONJUNCTIVA
CHLAMYDIAL CONJUNCTIVITIS (TRACHOMA)
Herbert pits in trachoma
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95. THE CONJUNCTIVA
CHLAMYDIAL CONJUNCTIVITIS (TRACHOMA)
q Trichiasis and comeal vascularization in advanced
trachoma. MENU

96. THE CONJUNCTIVA
CHLAMYDIAL CONJUNCTIVITIS (TRACHOMA)
q Entropoin of the upper eyelid in advanced trachoma.
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97. THE CONJUNCTIVA
ALLERGIC CONJUNCTIVITIS
q Milky appearance of the conjunctiva in allergic rhinoconjunctivitis .
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98. THE CONJUNCTIVA
VERNAL KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS
q Conjunctival hyperaemia and diffuse papillary hypertrophy of
the superior tarsal conjunctiva in mild vernal conjunctivitis .
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99. THE CONJUNCTIVA
VERNAL KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS
q Giant ‘cobblestone‘ papillae on the superior tarsal
conjunctiva in severe vernal conjunctivits . MENU

100. THE CONJUNCTIVA
VERNAL KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS
q Giant papillae and copious mucus on the superior
tarsus in advanced vernal conjunctivitis. MENU

101. THE CONJUNCTIVA
VERNAL KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS
q Gelatinous superior limbal elevations with overlying
fine white plaques (Trantas dots) in vernal limbitis.
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102. THE CONJUNCTIVA
VERNAL KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS
q Punctate epitheliopathy stained with fluorescein, in
vernal disease. MENU

103. THE CONJUNCTIVA
VERNAL KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS
q Marcroerosion stained with fluorescein in vernal disease.
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104. THE CONJUNCTIVA
VERNAL KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS
Corneal plaque in vernal disease
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105. THE CONJUNCTIVA
VERNAL KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS
Subepithelial scarring in vernal disease.
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106. THE CONJUNCTIVA
VERNAL KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS
Supratarsal injection of steroid in severe vernal MENU

107. THE CONJUNCTIVA
DRY EYE
The three layers of the precorneal tear film MENU

108. THE CONJUNCTIVA
DRY EYE
q Function of the mucin layer Left : in mucin defiency, the aqueous layer
(blue) cannot wet the corneal epithelium,; right : a normal amount of mucin
(red) enables wetting of the corneal epithelium by the aqueous layer (blue).
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109. THE CONJUNCTIVA
DRY EYE
Punctate epitheliopathy in keratoconjunctivitis sicca
(Stained with rose bengal).
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110. THE CONJUNCTIVA
DRY EYE
Corneal filaments in keratoconjunctiviit is sicca
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111. THE CONJUNCTIVA
DRY EYE
Break-up of the tear film . MENU

112. THE CONJUNCTIVA
DRY EYE
q Mild staining of the conjunctiva with rose bengal in
keratoconjunctivitis sicca . MENU

113. THE CONJUNCTIVA
DRY EYE
q Extensive staining with rose bengal in keratoconjunctivitis
sicca . MENU

114. THE CONJUNCTIVA
DRY EYE
Schirmer test
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115. THE CONJUNCTIVA
CONJUNTIVAL DEGENERATION
Pinguecula MENU

116. THE CONJUNCTIVA
CONJUNTIVAL DEGENERATION
Early pterygium MENU

117. THE CONJUNCTIVA
CONJUNTIVAL DEGENERATION
Established pterygium
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118. THE CONJUNCTIVA
CONJUNTIVAL DEGENERATION
Advanced pterygium
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119. THE CONJUNCTIVA
CONJUNTIVAL DEGENERATION
Pseudopterygium
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120. THE CONJUNCTIVA
CONJUNTIVAL DEGENERATION
Conjunctival concretions (PTCs)
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121. THE CONJUNCTIVA
CONJUNTIVAL DEGENERATION
Conjunctival retention cyst
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122. THE CONJUNCTIVA
PIGMENTED CONJUNTIVAL LESIONS
Conjunctival epithelial melanosis
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123. THE CONJUNCTIVA
BIGMENTED CONJUNTIVAL LESIONS
Melanosis around an intrascleral nerve
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124. THE CONJUNCTIVA
BIGMENTED CONJUNTIVAL LESIONS
Deposits of mascara in the inferior fornix
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125. THE CONJUNCTIVA
PIGMENTED CONJUNTIVAL LESIONS
Conjunctival adrenochrome deposits
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126. THE CONJUNCTIVA
PIGMENTED CONJUNTIVAL LESIONS
Congenital subepithelial melanocytosis
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127. THE CONJUNCTIVA
PIGMENTED CONJUNCTIVAL LESIONS
Non-pigmented conjunctival naevus
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128. THE CONJUNCTIVA
PIGMENTED CONJUNCTIVAL LESIONS
Pigmented conjunctival neavus
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129. THE CONJUNCTIVA
PIGMENTED CONJUNCTIVAL LESIONS
Naevus of the caruncle MENU

130. THE CONJUNCTIVA
CONJUNCTIVAL MELANOMA
Primary conjunctival melanoma
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131. THE CONJUNCTIVA
CONJUNCTIVAL MELANOMA
Non-pigmented conjunctival melanoma
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132. THE CONJUNCTIVA
CONJUNCTIVAL MELANOMA
Pigmented conjunctival melanoma MENU

133. THE CONJUNCTIVA
NON-PIGMENTED CONJUNCTIVAL TUMOURS
Multiple pedunculated conjunctival papillomas
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134. THE CONJUNCTIVA
NON-PIGMENTED CONJUNCTIVAL TUMOURS
Sessile conjunctival papilloma
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135. THE CONJUNCTIVA
NON-PIGMENTED CONJUNCTIVAL TUMOURS
Large juxtalimbal conjuctival papilloma
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136. THE CONJUNCTIVA
NON-PIGMENTED CONJUNCTIVAL TUMOURS
Large juxtalimbal conjunctival papillome
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137. THE CONJUNCTIVA
NON-PIGMENTED CONJUNCTIVAL TUMOURS
Conjunctival intraepithelial hyperplasia
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138. THE CONJUNCTIVA
NON-PIGMENTED CONJUNCTIVAL TUMOURS
q Squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva invading
the cornea. MENU

139. THE CONJUNCTIVA
NON-PIGMENTED CONJUNCTIVAL TUMOURS
q Large squamous cell carcinoma of the
conjunctiva. MENU

140. THE CONJUNCTIVA
NON-PIGMENTED CONJUNCTIVAL TUMOURS
q Very extensive squamous cell carcinoma of the
conjunctiva inading the cornea . MENU

141. THE CONJUNCTIVA
NON-PIGMENTED CONJUNCTIVAL TUMOURS
Dermoid of the right eye
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142. THE CONJUNCTIVA
NON-PIGMENTED CONJUNCTIVAL TUMOURS
Dermoid
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143. THE CONJUNCTIVA
NON-PIGMENTED CONJUNCTIVAL TUMOURS
Lipodermoid
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144. THE CONJUNCTIVA
NON-PIGMENTED CONJUNCTIVAL TUMOURS
Comjunctival kaposi sarcoma
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145. THE CONJUNCTIVA
NON-PIGMENTED CONJUNCTIVAL TUMOURS
Conjunctival lymphoma
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146. THE CORNEA
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147. THE CORNEA
APPLIED CORNEAL ANATOMY
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148. THE CORNEA
CLINICAL SIGNS OF CORNEAL DISEASE
Punctate epithelial erosions- unstaind
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149. THE CORNEA
CLINICAL SIGNS OF CORNEAL DISEASE
Punctate epithelial erosions stained with flurescein
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150. THE CORNEA
CLINICAL SIGNS OF CORNEAL DISEASE
Conrneal epithelial edema
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151. THE CORNEA
CLINICAL SIGNS OF CORNEAL DISEASE
Bullous keratopathy MENU

152. THE CORNEA
CLINICAL SIGNS OF CORNEAL DISEASE
Corneal filaments and mucus plaques stained with rose
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153. THE CORNEA
CLINICAL SIGNS OF CORNEAL DISEASE
Punctate epithelial keratitis
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154. THE CORNEA
CLINICAL SIGNS OF CORNEAL DISEASE
Corneal pannus
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155. THE CORNEA
CLINICAL SIGNS OF CORNEAL DISEASE
Stromal infitrate
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156. THE CORNEA
CLINICAL SIGNS OF CORNEAL DISEASE
Stromal infitrate
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157. THE CORNEA
CLINICAL SIGNS OF CORNEAL DISEASE
Stromal Vascularization
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158. THE CORNEA
SPECULAR MICROSCOPE
u Top: specular microscope; bottom: appearance
of the normal endothelium . MENU

159. THE CORNEA
CORNEAL TOPOGRAPHY
u Corneal map showing a normal, spherical in an
absolute scale ranging from 34 to 540 with 1D intervals
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160. THE CORNEA
CORNEAL TOPOGRAPHY
u Relative scale corneal maps showing advanced
keratoconus in the right eye ana an early paracentral
cone in the left . ` MENU

161. THE CORNEA
MICROBIAL KERATITIS
u Small corneal infiltrate in early bacteria keratitis .
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162. THE CORNEA
MICROBIAL KERATITIS
u Large corneal infitrate in bacterial keratitis .
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163. THE CORNEA
MICROBIAL KERATITIS
u Severe staphylococcal keratitis
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164. THE CORNEA
MICROBIAL KERATITIS
u Advanced staphylococcal keratitis
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165. THE CORNEA
MICROBIAL KERATITIS
u Severe pseudomonas keratitis with hypopyon .
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166. THE CORNEA
MICROBIAL KERATITIS
u Very advanced pseudomonas keratitis
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167. THE CORNEA
FUNGAL KERATITIS
u Filamentous fungal keratitis
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168. THE CORNEA
FUNGAL KERATITIS
u Advanced filamentous fungal keratitis with surrounding
infiltrateds .
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169. THE CORNEA
FUNGAL KERATITIS
u Advanced filamentous fungal with hypopyon
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170. THE CORNEA
ACANTHAMOEBA KERATITIS
u Anterior stromal infitrates in acanthamoeba keratitis
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171. THE CORNEA
ACANTHAMOEBA KERATITIS
u Ring abscess and hypopyon
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172. THE CORNEA
INTERSTITIAL KERATITIS
u Stromal scarring in old interstitial keratitis
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173. THE CORNEA
HERPES SIMPLEX KERATITIS
u Blepharoconjunctivitis in primary herpes herpes
simplex infection .
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174. THE CORNEA
HERPES SIMPLEX KERATITIS
u Early dendritic ulcer
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175. THE CORNEA
HERPES SIMPLEX KERATITIS
u Small dendritic ulcer stained with fluorescein
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176. THE CORNEA
HERPES SIMPLEX KERATITIS
u Large dendritic ulcer stained with fluorescein .
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177. THE CORNEA
HERPES SIMPLEX KERATITIS
u Geogragraphic ulcer stained with fluorescein .
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178. THE CORNEA
HERPES SIMPLEX KERATITIS
u Stromal necrotic keratitis in herpes simplex .
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179. THE CORNEA
HERPES SIMPLEX KERATITIS
u Advanced stromal necrotic keratitis in herpes
simplex .
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180. THE CORNEA
HERPES SIMPLEX KERATITIS
u Disciform keratitis showing stromal thickening and
keratic precipitates .
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181. THE CORNEA
HERPES ZOSTER .
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182. DISEASES OF THE SCLERA
AND EPISCLERA
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183. DISEASES OF THE SCLERA AND EPISCLERA
ANATOMY
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184. DISEASES OF THE SCLERA AND EPISCLERA
ANATOMY
3 Applied anatomy of the anterior vascular coats in relation to
episcleritis and scleritis.
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185. DISEASES OF THE SCLERA AND EPISCLERA
INFLAMMATION
Nodular episcleritis
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186. DISEASES OF THE SCLERA AND EPISCLERA
INFLAMMATION
Nodular episcleritis
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187. DISEASES OF THE SCLERA AND EPISCLERA
INFLAMMATION
Simple sectorial episcleritis
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188. DISEASES OF THE SCLERA AND EPISCLERA
INFLAMMATION
Nodular anterior scleritis
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189. DISEASES OF THE SCLERA AND EPISCLERA
INFLAMMATION
Simple diffuse episcleritis
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190. DISEASES OF THE SCLERA AND EPISCLERA
INFLAMMATION
Diffuse anterior scleritis
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191. DISEASES OF THE SCLERA AND EPISCLERA
INFLAMMATION
Nodular non-necrotizing anterior scleritis
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192. DISEASES OF THE SCLERA AND EPISCLERA
INFLAMMATION
Necrotizing anterior scleritis
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193. DISEASES OF THE SCLERA AND EPISCLERA
INFLAMMATION
Necrotizing anterior scleritis
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194. DISEASES OF THE SCLERA AND EPISCLERA
INFLAMMATION
Necrotizing anterior scleritis
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195. DISEASES OF THE SCLERA AND EPISCLERA
INFLAMMATION
Avacular patch in early necrotizing scleritis
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196. DISEASES OF THE SCLERA AND EPISCLERA
INFLAMMATION
3 Thinning following resolution of an anterior diffuse
necrotizing scleritis.
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197. DISEASES OF THE SCLERA AND EPISCLERA
INFLAMMATION
Sclerokeratitis
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198. DISEASES OF THE SCLERA AND EPISCLERA
INFLAMMATION
Scleromalacia perforans
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199. DISEASES OF THE SCLERA AND EPISCLERA
INFLAMMATION
3 Scleral necrosis in necrotizing anterior scleritis
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200. DISEASES OF THE SCLERA AND EPISCLERA
INFLAMMATION
3 Advanced scleral necrosis in necrotizing anterior
scleritis. MENU

201. DISEASES OF THE SCLERA AND EPISCLERA
INFLAMMATION
Advanced scleromalacia
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202. DISEASES OF THE SCLERA AND EPISCLERA
INFLAMMATION
3Subretinal exudation in posterior scleritis.
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203. DISEASES OF THE SCLERA AND EPISCLERA
INFLAMMATION
3 This eye was enucleated for glaucoma secondary to sclerkeratitis.
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204. DISEASES OF THE SCLERA AND EPISCLERA
INFLAMMATION
3 CT scan showing right posterior scleral thickening in posterior
scleritis MENU

205. DISEASES OF THE SCLERA AND EPISCLERA
Ultrasonogram in severe posterior scleritis showing
scleral thickening, and fluid in sub-Tenon space
which gives rise to the characterisitc’T’ sign
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206. THE LENS
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207. THE LENS
THE NORMAL LENS, ITS DEVELOPMENT
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208. THE LENS
THE NORMAL LENS, ITS DEVELOPMENT
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209. THE LENS
THE NORMAL LENS, ITS DEVELOPMENT
Ë The lens in the aged is greatly increased in sagittal width compared with
that in childhood .
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210. THE LENS
THE NORMAL LENS, ITS DEVELOPMENT
Ë This histological section shows the anterior surface of the lens near
to the equator .
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211. THE LENS
THE NORMAL LENS, ITS DEVELOPMENT
Lens fibers are hexagonal in shape and lie in layers
rather like the skin of an onion .
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212. THE LENS
THE NORMAL LENS, ITS DEVELOPMENT
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213. THE LENS
Marfan’s syndrome is a dominantly inherited disorder which affects the eye,
skeleton and cardiovascular system and is due to a deficiency of fibrillin, a
component of the microfibrillary system associated with elastin and encoded on
chromosome 15 q . The lens tends to dislocate upwards (in contrast to
homocystinuria).
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214. THE LENS
ABNORMAL POSITION
Lens subluxation
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215. THE LENS
CATARACT
3This diagram illustrates the different morphological characteristics of
cataract together with their depth and location within the lens. The
following illustrations demonstrate clinical examples of these
anatomical entities. MENU

216. THE LENS
CATARACT
Capsular cataract
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217. THE LENS
CATARACT
Subcapsular Catarct
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218. THE LENS
CATARACT
Subcapsular Catarct
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219. THE LENS
CATARACT
Senile posterior subcapsular cataract
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220. THE LENS
CATARACT
Senile posterior subcapsular cataract
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221. THE LENS
CATARACT
Traumatic cataract
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222. THE LENS
CATARACT
punctate cataract
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223. THE LENS
CATARACT
Coronary cataract
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224. THE LENS
CATARACT
Coronary cataract
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225. THE LENS
CATARACT
Nuclear Cataract
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226. THE LENS
CATARACT
lamellar cataract ( zonular cataract )
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227. THE LENS
CATARACT
lamellar cataract ( zonular cataract )
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228. THE LENS
CATARACT
Nuclear
Cataract
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229. THE LENS
CATARACT
Nuclear Cataract (brown cataract)
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230. THE LENS
CATARACT
Posterior Subcapsular Cataract
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231. THE LENS
CATARACT
Mature Senile Cataract
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232. THE LENS
CATARACT
Intumescent Cataract
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233. THE LENS
CATARACT
Hypermature cataract (morgagnian cataract)
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234. THE LENS
CONGENITAL CATARACT
Unilateral Congenital Cataract Childhood
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235. THE LENS
CONGENITAL CATARACT
Congenital lameller cataract MENU

236. THE LENS
CONGENITAL CATARACT
Congenital nuclear cataract MENU

237. THE LENS
CONGENITAL CATARACT
Congenital nuclear cataract MENU

238. THE LENS
CONGENITAL CATARACT
Congenital lamellar cataract
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239. THE LENS
CONGENITAL CATARACT
Congenital lamellar cataract
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240. THE LENS
CONGENITAL CATARACT
Congenital sutural cataract
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241. THE LENS
CONGENITAL CATARACT
Congenital anteruir polar cataract MENU

242. THE LENS
CONGENITAL CATARACT
Congenital anterior polar pyramidal cataract
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243. THE LENS
CONGENITAL CATARACT
Congenital anterior polar cataract and persistent
pupillary membrane MENU

244. THE LENS
CONGENITAL CATARACT
Congenital posterior polar cataract
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245. THE LENS
CONGENITAL CATARACT
Congenital blue dot opacities
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246. THE LENS
CONGENITAL CATARACT
Membranous Cataract MENU

247. THE LENS
CONGENITAL CATARACT
Coloboma of the lens MENU

248. THE LENS
CONGENITAL CATARACT
Posterior lenticouns
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249. THE LENS
CONGENITAL CATARACT
Anterior lenticonus
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250. THE LENS
CONGENITAL CATARACT
Microphakia
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251. THE LENS
CONGENITAL CATARACT
q Microspherophakic lens dislocated into the anterior
chamber MENU

252. THE LENS
CONGENITAL CATARACT
Upward lens subluxation in Marfan syndrome
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253. THE LENS
CONGENITAL CATARACT
Upward lens subluxation in Marfan syndrome
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254. THE LENS
CONGENITAL CATARACT
Inferior lens subluxation in homocysteinuria
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255. THE LENS
SURGERY OF CONGENITAL CATARACT
Lensectomy-vitrectomy
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256. THE LENS
SURGERY OF CONGENITAL CATARACT
Use of intraocular scissors and forceps
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257. THE LENS
SURGERY OF CONGENITAL CATARACT
(a) : advanced congenital cataract; (b): appearance
after lensectomy. MENU

258. THE LENS
POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS
q Capsular opacification following congenital
cataract surgery. MENU

259. THE LENS
POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS
q Soemmerring ring following congenital cataract
surgery. MENU

260. THE LENS
COMPLICATIONS OF CATARACT SURGERY
Aphakic Glasses
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261. THE LENS
COMPLICATIONS OF CATARACT SURGERY
Corneal Edema
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262. THE LENS
COMPLICATIONS OF CATARACT SURGERY
After Cataract
q Soft lens matter remains the anterior chamber following inadequate
removal of cortex
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263. THE LENS
COMPLICATIONS OF CATARACT SURGERY
Pupillary distortion
q Vitreous loss with entrapment in the wound and distortion of the
pupil.
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264. THE LENS
COMPLICATIONS OF CATARACT SURGERY
Uveitis
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265. THE LENS
COMPLICATIONS OF CATARACT SURGERY
Iris Prolapse
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266. THE LENS
COMPLICATIONS OF CATARACT SURGERY
Astigmatism
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267. THE LENS
COMPLICATIONS OF CATARACT SURGERY
Opicified posterior capsule
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268. THE LENS
COMPLICATIONS OF CATARACT SURGERY
Yag laser capsulotomy
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269. THE LENS
COMPLICATIONS OF CATARACT SURGERY
Decentralization of intraocular lens
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270. THE LENS
COMPLICATIONS OF CATARACT SURGERY
Iris capture of a posterior chamber implant
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271. THE LENS
COMPLICATIONS OF CATARACT SURGERY
Posterior Synechiae
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272. THE LENS
COMPLICATIONS OF CATARACT SURGERY
Cystoid Macular Edema
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273. THE LENS
CATARACT
Anterior subcapsular cataract
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274. THE LENS
CATARACT
Nuclear catarct
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275. THE LENS
CATARACT
Nuclear cataract
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276. THE LENS
CATARACT
Advanced cortical cataract
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277. THE LENS
CATARACT
Mature cataract
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278. THE LENS
CATARACT
q Hypermature cataract with wrinkling of the anterior
lens capsule
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279. THE LENS
CATARACT
Morgagnian cataract
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280. THE LENS
CATARACT
Diabetic cataract
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281. THE LENS
CATARACT
Anterior Subcapsular Cataract
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282. THE LENS
CATARACT
Posterior subcapsular cataract
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283. THE LENS
CATARACT
Mature catract
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284. THE LENS
CATARACT
Cataract caused by severe penetrating trauma
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285. THE LENS
CATARACT
Vossious ring after severe blunt trauma
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286. THE LENS
CATARACT
Flower-shaped cataract caused by severe blunt trauma
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287. THE LENS
SEONDARY CATARACT
q Anterior subcapsular opacities in chronic anterior uveitis.
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288. THE LENS
SEONDARY CATARACT
q Advanced cataract and posterior synechiae in chronic
anterior uveitis
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289. THE LENS
SEONDARY CATARACT
q Anterior capsular opacity following acute angle-closure
glaucoma (glaukomflecken).
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290. THE LENS
MANAGEMENT OF CATARACT
Extracapsular cataract extraction extraction
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291. THE LENS
MANAGEMENT OF CATARACT
Extracapsular cataract extraction
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292. THE LENS
MANAGEMENT OF CATARACT
Phacoemulsificatication
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293. THE LENS
COMPLICATIONS OF CATARACT SURGERY
Nuclear material in the vitreous
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294. THE LENS
COMPLICATIONS OF CATARACT SURGERY
lris prolapse
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295. THE LENS
COMPLICATIONS OF CATARACT SURGERY
Striate keratopathy following cataract extraction
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296. THE LENS
COMPLICATIONS OF CATARACT SURGERY
Very severe keratopathy following cataract extraction
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297. THE LENS
COMPLICATIONS OF CATARACT SURGERY
Fibrinous exudation in severe acute endophthalmitis
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298. THE LENS
COMPLICATIONS OF CATARACT SURGERY
Fibrinous exudation and hypopyon in severe acute
endophthalmitis .
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299. THE LENS
COMPLICATIONS OF CATARACT SURGERY
Vitreous haze in acute endophthalmitis
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300. THE LENS
COMPLICATIONS OF CATARACT SURGERY
Small hypopyon
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301. THE LENS
COMPLICATIONS OF CATARACT SURGERY
Retained lens material in the anterior chamber
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302. THE LENS
COMPLICATIONS OF CATARACT SURGERY
fibrosis of the posterior capsule
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303. THE LENS
Technique of Nd : YAG laser capsulotomy
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304. THE LENS
COMPLICATIONS OF CATARACT SURGERY
Decentration of a posterior chamber intraocular implant
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305. THE LENS
COMPLICATIONS OF CATARACT SURGERY
q Severe keratopathy caused by an anterior chamber
intraocular implant
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306. THE LENS
COMPLICATIONS OF CATARACT SURGERY
Late dislocation of a posterior chamber intraocular implant
(sunset syndrome)
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307. THE LENS
COMPLICATIONS OF CATARACT SURGERY
Mutton-fat keratic precipitates in chronic postoperative
endophthalmitis
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308. THE LENS
COMPLICATIONS OF CATARACT SURGERY
qWhite plaque on the posterior capsule in chronic postoperative
endophthalmitis
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309. MENU