10. Organizational behavior (OB) A field of study that investigates the impact that individuals, groups, and structure have on behavior within organizations, for the purpose of applying such knowledge toward improving an organization’s effectiveness. 7/29/2008 8
11. Hawthorn Studies Key to modern management In 1924, illumination studies done at Hawthorn Works of Chicago. 7/29/2008 9
12. Complementing Intuition with Systematic Study Intuition “Gut” feelings about “why I do what I do” and “what makes others tick”. Systematic study Looking at relationships, attempting to attribute causes and effects, and drawing conclusions based on scientific evidence. Provides a means to predict behaviors. 7/29/2008 10
13. There Are Few Absolutes in OB Contingency variables: "It Depends!!!" Situational factors that make the main relationship between two variables change---e.g., the relationship may hold for one condition but not another. Country 1 y x In x y Country 2 May NOT be related to In 7/29/2008 11
14. . What is Organizational Effectiveness?Effectiveness vs. Efficiency? 7/29/2008 12
16. The Independent Variables The presumed cause of some change in the dependent variable; major determinants of a dependent variable. Individual-Level Variables Group-LevelVariables OrganizationSystem-LevelVariables IndependentVariables Can Be 7/29/2008 14
20. Challenges & opportunities Responding to Globalization Increased foreign assignments Working with people from different cultures Overseeing movement of jobs to other countries Managing Workforce Diversity Embracing diversity Implications for managers 7/29/2008 18
21. Challenges (contd.) Improving Quality and Productivity Quality management (QM) Process reengineering Responding to the Labor Shortage Fewer skilled laborers Improving Customer Service Increased expectation of service quality Customer-responsive cultures 7/29/2008 19
22. Other ob challenges Improving People Skills Empowering People Stimulating Innovation and Change Coping with “Temporariness” Working in Networked Organizations Helping Employees Balance Work/Life Conflicts Improving Ethical Behavior 7/29/2008 20
Effectiveness—Achievement of goals.Efficiency--An organization is efficient if it is the accomplishment of enterprise objectives with the minimum of unsought consequences or costs