This Selenium WebDriver tutorial talks about the drawbacks of Selenium RC and what was the need for Selenium WebDriver. It goes into the details of the avantages that WebDriver has over RC and how it replaced RC for automation testing. This tutorial will also tell you how WebDriver works and what are the different browser drivers you can use for testing. Watch the video to get a demonstration on how to locate various elements/ objects on the browser and how operations can be performed on those browser elements/ objects by writing Java code in Eclipse IDE. Watch the video here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ph3NJm4Z7m4

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What Will You Learn Today?
What does Selenium
WebDriver do?
Why use WebDriver?
Drawbacks of Selenium RC
How does WebDriver work?
What are Elements/ Objects? How to locate them? Hands-On: Testing Dynamic
Web Applications
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Let’s See The Similarities Between
Selenium RC & Selenium WebDriver

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RC & WebDriver Similarities
Both RC and WebDriver support the use of different programming languages to design test scripts
Programming Language
Both RC and WebDriver support running tests in different browsers
Web Browser
Development Environment
Neither RC and WebDriver support use of IDE; only support for programming interface
Web Element Locator
Both RC and WebDriver make use of Elements/ Object locators/ WebDriver methods

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WebDriver Was Founded To
Overcome the Drawbacks Of RC

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Selenium RC

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Selenium RC vs. Selenium WebDriver
FASTER

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Advantages Of WebDriver Over RC
SELENIUM WEBDRIVER
Simple Architecture
Slower because it uses a
Javascript program called
Selenium Core
RC Server is the middleman in the
interactions between browser & user
No support for
HTMLUnit browser
Faster because it interacts
with browser directly
Direct Interaction with user
Support for HTMLUnit
browser
SELENIUM RC
Complex Architecture

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But, Selenium WebDriver
Cannot Do All On Its Own

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I can use
WebDriver for
testing on local
machine
But, what
about testing
on a remote
machine
Testing Times For WebDriver

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I can use
WebDriver for
testing on local
machine
But, what
about testing
on a remote
machine
NOTE: While testing on a remote machine, commands from WebDriver go to Selenium
RC Server which is then interpreted on remote machine to automate the browser
I can use both RC
server and
WebDriver while
testing on remote
machine
RC To The Rescue For WebDriver

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Now Let’s Concentrate More On
Selenium WebDriver

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What Is Selenium WebDriver?
Selenium WebDriver is a programming interface to create and execute test cases
Test cases are created and executed using Elements locators/ Object locators/
WebDriver methods
Selenium WebDriver has only a programming interface; not IDE
Fast as it interacts with browser directly; RC needs RC server to interact with browser
•Each browser has its own driver on which the application runs. Selenium WebDriver
makes direct calls to the browser

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WebDriver Features & Drawbacks
• Supports most Programming languages, Browsers & Operating systems
• Overcomes limitations of Selenium 1 like file upload, download, pop-ups & dialogs barrier
• WebDriver's API is simpler than RC's API. It does not contain redundant & confusing commands
• Supports Batch testing, Cross browser testing & Data driven testing
Selenium WebDriver Limitations
Selenium WebDriver Features
• Detailed test reports cannot be generated; RC generates detailed reports
• It doesn’t have IDE; difficult to create test cases

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Now, Let’s See How
Selenium WebDriver Works

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Working Of Selenium WebDriver

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Types Of Selenium WebDrivers
 WebDrivers are used to locate Objects/ Elements on the web page
 They have built in support for Automation

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Hands-On:
Testing Dynamic Web Applications

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Browser Elements & Its Operations
Launch browser, Navigate to specified Url,
Refresh, Close browser
Browser
Return page title, return page Url
Page
Click the link, check the existence, check enabled status
Link
Click the button, check displayed status, enabled
status, return button name
Button
Return image title, download/ upload image,
click image link
Image
Launch browser, Navigate to specified Url,
Refresh, Close browser
Text Area/ Error Message
Check display status/ enable status/ select/ unselect
Radio button/ Check box
Check display status/ enable status/ select item
Drop down box/ List box/ Combo box
Switch from Top window to specified frame,
Frame to top window
Frame
Return specified cell value, Return row
count, column count
Web Table/ HTML Table

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Method/ Function
Operations On Web Elements

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Methods/ Functions On Web Elements
This function is used to open a specified URL in the
browser window
Syntax:- driver.get(“URL”);
Example:- driver.get(“https://www.google.com”);
Get
This function is used to get the title of the
current page in the browser
Syntax:-
driver.getTitle();
Get Title
This function is used to get the URL of the current
page in the browser
Syntax:-
driver.getCurrentUrl();
Get Current URL
This function is used to get the source code of the
current page
Syntax:-
driver.getPageSource();
Get Page Source
Get Commands N a v i gate C o m man ds O t h e r B rows er C o m mands O t h e r C o m mands

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Methods/ Functions On Web Elements
This function is used to navigate to a new page in the
current browser window
Syntax:- driver.navigate().to(“URL”);
Example:- driver.navigate(). to(“https://www.google.com”);
Navigate To
This function is used to refresh the current page
in the browser window
Syntax:-
driver.navigate().refresh();
Navigate Refresh
This function is used to navigate to the web page
visited after the current page in the browser history
Syntax:-
driver.navigate().forward();
Navigate Forward
This function is used to navigate to the previously
visited page in the current window
Syntax:-
driver.navigate().back();
Navigate Back
G e t C o m mands Navigate Commands O t h e r B rows er C o m mands O t h e r C o m mands

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Methods/ Functions On Web Elements
This command is used to close the current page in the browser window
Syntax:- driver.close();
Close
This function is used to quit the browser window
Syntax:- driver.quit();
Quit
G e t C o m mands N a v i gate C o m man ds Other Browser Commands O t h e r C o m mands

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Methods/ Functions On Web Elements
findElement Command
This command is used to find elements/ objects on a web page
Example:- driver.findElement(By.name(“google”));
click Command
This command is used to click on an element/ object on the web page
Example:- driver.findElement(By.linkText(“Youtube”)).click();
sendKeys Command
This command is used to send characters/ text to the text box in the web page
Example:- driver.findElement(By.id(“Content-1”)).sendKeys(“18776”);
G e t C o m mands N a v i gate C o m man ds Other CommandsO t h e r B rows er C o m mands

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But How Do We Locate
Browser Elements?

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Web Elements And Locators
We can identify various elements on the web using Locators.
Locators are addresses that identify a web element uniquely within the page.
There are 8 Locators in Selenium to identify Elements:
• By ID
• By Name
• By Class Name
• By Tag Name
• By Link Text
• By Partial Link Text
• By CSS
• By XPATH

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Commands To Locate Web Elements
Elements on the web page can be located using Element ID
Every element on a web page has a unique ID
The ID can also be auto generated
Syntax:-
driver.findElement(By.id(“xxx”));
Example:
driver.findElement(By.id(“Content-1”)).sendKeys(“18776”);
By ID B y N a m e B y C l a s s N ame B y Ta g N a m e B y L i n k Tex t B y P a rti al L i n k Text B y CS SB y X PATH

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Commands To Locate Web Elements
Elements on the web page can also be located using Element Name
Every element on a web page has a unique Name
Syntax:-
driver.findElement(By.name(“xxx”));
Example:
driver.findElement(By.name(“Email”)).sendKeys(abc@edureka.co);
B y I D By Name B y C l a s s N ame B y Ta g N a m e B y L i n k Tex t B y P a rti al L i n k Text B y CS SB y X PATH

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Commands To Locate Web Elements
Elements on the web page can also be located using Element’s Class Name
Class Name can be the same for more than one Element
Syntax:-
driver.findElement(By.className(“xxx”));
Example:
driver.findElement(By.className(“Country”).sendKeys(“India”);
B y N a m e By Class Name B y Ta g N a m e B y L i n k Tex t B y P a rti al L i n k Text B y CS SB y X PATHB y I D

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Commands To Locate Web Elements
B y N a m e B y C l a s s N ame By Tag Name B y L i n k Tex tB y I D
Elements on the web page can also be located using Element’s Tag Name
Syntax:-
driver.findElement(By.tagName(“xxx”));
Example:
driver.findElement(By.tagName(“A1”)).sendKeys(“India-123”);
B y P a rti al L i n k Text B y CS SB y X PATH

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Commands To Locate Web Elements
B y N a m e B y C l a s s N ame B y Ta g N a m e By Link TextB y I D
Any hyperlinked word on the web page can be located by using the exact
word as it is
Syntax:-
driver.findElement(By.linkText(“xxx”));
Example:
driver.findElement(By.linkText(“Youtube”)).click();
B y P a rti al L i n k Text B y CS SB y X PATH

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Commands To Locate Web Elements
B y N a m e B y C l a s s N ame B y Ta g N a m e B y L i n k Tex tB y I D
Any hyperlinked word on the web page can also be located by using the
word partially
Syntax:-
driver.findElement(By.partialLinkText(“xxx”));
Example:
driver.findElement(By.partialLinkText(“Youtu”)).click();
By Partial Link Text B y CS SB y X PATH

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Commands To Locate Web Elements
B y N a m e B y C l a s s N ame B y Ta g N a m e B y L i n k Tex tB y I D
This attribute is used to locate elements with its location
Syntax:-
driver.findElement(By.xpath(“xxx”));
Example:
driver.findElement(By.xpath(“.//*[@id=‘Email’]”)).sendKeys(abc@dureka.co);
B y P a rti al L i n k Text B y CS SBy XPATH

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Commands To Locate Web Elements
This attribute is used to locate elements with its style properties
Syntax:-
driver.findElement(By.css(“xxx”));
Example:
driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(“#next”)).click();
B y N a m e B y C l a s s N ame B y Ta g N a m e B y L i n k Tex tB y I D B y P a rti al L i n k Text By CSSB y X PATH

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Course Details & Customer Reviews
Go to www.edureka.co/testing-with-selenium-webdriver
Get Edureka Certified in Selenium Today!
Radha Muthian says, “I learned Selenium WebDriver and the course
was very helpful to automate the Web Applications. The lifetime
access of classes helps a lot to refer back and download the codes.”
Vijay Krishnan says, “I have attended Selenium Web driver Certification with
Edureka. The trainer has explained all the concepts of the course in detail
manner which was very easy to understand. Worth for the money spent!!!!”
Tom Tully says, “I wanted to learn Selenium Webdriver in a live, real
course, not self paced, so there would be pressure on me to finish.
Edureka accomplished this at a price far lower than an in-person class,
and as far as I know they are the only internet class that has live lectures
on this subject. Teacher was very knowledgeable. I learned basic use of
Selenium. No problem with me being in US and teacher in India. They
have US 800 number.”
Suhas Kashyap says, “The online Course(Selenium Webdriver), which
I took from Edureka was interactive and also helped me to improve
my knowledge on selenium. Further helped me in changing the job as
well. Thanks Edureka Team... :).”

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