Development of tribological PVD coatings

Development of tribological PVD coatings Roberto M. Souza . Laboratório de Fenômenos de Superfície Departamento de Engenharia Mec ânica Escola Politécnica da Universidade de São Paulo [email_address]

Outline ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

PVD ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[http://www.bccresearch.com/report/MFG015C.html]

Development of PVD Coatings ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Thin film development [Donnet & Erdemir Surf. Coat. Technol. v.257, 2004] ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Examples – Materials and Structures ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[Muratore & Voevodin Ann. Rev. Mat. Res. 39 ( 2009) 297-324]

Examples - Processing ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Al 2 O 3 films DC reactive sputtering Pulsed reactive sputtering [ P.J. Kelly et al. Surf Coat Technol 86-87 (1996) 28-32 ] [P.J. Kelly and D.R. Arnell, Vacuum 56 (2000) 159-172]

Examples - Processing ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[Courtesy: J.J. Moore, ACSEL, Colorado School of Mines ] Side View Top View Hiden electrostatic quadrupole plasma mass spectrometer (EQP) Al Cr

Examples - Processing ,[object Object],[object Object],[J. Lin et al., Surface and Coatings Technology 201 (2007) 4640]

Examples - Processing ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Examples - Processing ,[object Object],[Courtesy: J.J. Moore, ACSEL, Colorado School of Mines ]

Examples - Materials ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Surface Phenomena Laboratory ,[object Object],Thin Film Characteristics Hardness Fracture Toughness Residual Stresses Adhesion Evaluation Modeling     Experimental     Analytical    Wear x characteristic   Material Processing   

Residual Stresses ,[object Object],Thin Film Characteristics Hardness Fracture Toughness Residual Stresses Adhesion Evaluation Modeling     Experimental     Analytical    Wear x characteristic   Material Processing   

Residual Stresses in Thin Films ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],In the contents

Residual Stresses in Thin Films ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[J.A. Thornton, D.W. Hoffman, Thin Solid Films , 171 (1989) 5-31. ] PVD CVD

Residual Stresses in Thin Films ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],T d /T m Evaporation [ B.A. Movchan, A.V. Demchishin, Phys. Met. Metallogr. , 28 (1969) 83-90. ] Close-field Unbalanced MS [ P.J. Kelly, R.D. Arnell, Vacuum , 56 (2000) 159-172 . ] T d /T m Sputtering [ J.A. Thornton, Ann. Rev. Mater. Sci. , 7 (1977) 239-260. ]

Residual Stresses in Thin Films ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[ Y. Pauleau, Vacuum 61 , 2001, 175-181 ]

First set of TiN specimens Pulsed Magnetron Sputtering

First Set of TiN Specimens ,[object Object],[object Object],[ M. Benegra et al. Thin Solid Films 494 (2006) 146-150 ] ,[object Object],[object Object],[ R.C. Cozza et al. Surf. Coat. Technol. 201 (2006) 4242-4246 ]

First Set of TiN Specimens ,[object Object],[object Object]

Second set of TiN specimens Gradient stresses

Second set of TiN specimens ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Reduce wear Improve adhesion [ E. Uhlman & K. Klein , Surf. Coat. Technol. 131 (2000) ] ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Second set of TiN specimens ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Second set of TiN specimens ,[object Object],Increasing bias Decreasing bias Constant bias Specimen Layer Time (min) Bias (V) G1D2 1 45 -20 2 45 -40 3 45 -100 4 45 -150 5 45 -200 G2D2 1 45 -200 2 45 -150 3 45 -100 4 45 -40 5 45 -20 S1 1 120 -20 S2 1 120 -40 S3 1 120 -100 S4 1 120 -150 S5 1 120 -200

Second set of TiN specimens ,[object Object],Increasing bias Decreasing bias Specimen Layer Time (min) Bias (V) G3M2 1 45 -20 2 45 -40 3 45 -80 4 45 -100 G4M2 1 45 -100 2 45 -80 3 45 -40 4 45 -20

Second set of TiN specimens ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Second set of TiN specimens ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object], 1  2  3  4  5

Second set of TiN specimens ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object], 1 ,  2 ,  3 ,  4 ,  5 

Second set of TiN specimens ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object], 1 ,  2 ,  3 ,  4 

Second set of TiN specimens ,[object Object],– Increasing bias – Decreasing bias – Constant bias – Differences in curvature: initial bias determined the curvature even if the average bias value was equal Increasing Const. Decr.

Ensaios de Deslizamento – Pression Alta (2) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Second set of TiN specimens ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Constant Increasing Decreasing

Second set of TiN specimens ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Hole ( trou ) Rupture

Second set of TiN specimens ,[object Object],– 594 sectional profiles – Average of profiles Increasing bias Constant bias Decreasing bias Increasing 100 nm 100 nm 100 nm Track width

Second set of TiN specimens ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Concluding Remarks ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Acknowledgements ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Second set of TiN specimens ,[object Object],[object Object],Catastrophic failure before significant plastic deformation of the substrate Film fracture was not observed during the test Impossible to compare the deposition conditions F F

Second set of TiN specimens ,[object Object],« particles » Third body oxidation First body

Second set of TiN specimens ,[object Object],Trou Rupture

Second set of TiN specimens ,[object Object],Increasing bias, hole – Observation of iron oxyde on track surface: Free and agglomarated particles

Second set of TiN specimens ,[object Object],Increasing bias Constant bias Rupture Hole

Second set of TiN specimens ,[object Object],Pol. Croissante - Trou

Development of tribological PVD coatings

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Development of tribological PVD coatings