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1. Carabo (Coleus aromaticus) Leaves Extract and
Ampalaya (Momordica charantia) Extract as an
Alternative Cockroach (Periplaneta) Killer
___________________________________
Submitted to
MR. LLOYD P. DIZON
Faculty, Junior High School Department
Caraga Regional Science High School
Surigao City
__________________________________
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Subject of
Grade 7 (Mendel)- Research
_________________________________
ERVIN KRISTER A. REYES
CARLOS KEITH ANTHONY L. TANDAN
APRIL 2017

2. TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT.................................................................................................................. I
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT........................................................................................... II
INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study.................................................... 1
Statement of the Problem................................................... 2
Significance of the Study.................................................... 2
Scopes and Limitations....................................................... 3
Definition of Terms.............................................................3
Review of Related Literature...............................................4
Review of Related Studies...................................................7
METHODOLOGY
Research Design................................................................. 8
Schematic Diagram............................................................ 8
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
Results.............................................................................. 11
Discussions....................................................................... 12

3. SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATION
Summary........................................................................... 13
Conclusion........................................................................ 13
Recommendation.............................................................. 13
REFERENCES........................................................................................................... 14
APPENDICES.............................................................................................................15

4. I
ABSTRACT
Cockroaches live in wide range of environments around the world. These pests species
prefer warm conditions and thus are commonly found in the buildings of densely populated
cities. Cockroaches may have negative consequences for human health because they carry a
large range of some serious illness to body.
In the study of the researchers, they thought of some other ways to kill these pests.
They dipped them in the solution of carabo and ampalaya with chlorine added, then waited
till the time comes that the cockroaches will die. The main materials that the researchers think
to it are carabo, and ampalaya, which they think that these can kill cockroaches.
The result is alternative, because it succeeded on its job to kill cockroaches. It is not
harmful to the environment, it’s effective and does lessen the harm intended to human body
and everyone’s health.
So, the study entitled “Carabo (Coleus aromaticus) Leaves Extract and Ampalaya
(Momordica charantia) Extract as an Alternative Cockroach (Periplaneta) Killer” will aim to
be a natural alternative cockroach repellent.

5. II
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The researchers would like to thank our Almighty Father, for being with them
throughout their journey until the conduct of their study and in making of this paper were
done. It would have not been finished without his guidance to them and the following
individuals.
Mr. Ernesto P. Reyes and Mrs. Divina Liza A. Reyes, the parents of Ervin Krister A.
Reyes. Mr. Christian R. Tandan and Mrs. Joan L. Tandan, the parents of Carlos Keith
Anthony L. Tandan. For encouraging the researchers in pushing them to finish their study.
The researchers would like to thank their Research Adviser, Mr. Lloyd Payen Dizon,
including the Panel Members, Mark Anthony T. Bangao, Marygen S. Cuadra, Archie
Urbiztondo, Lizel Obenza, for being with them in making the best advices for their study.
Their classmates, for also supporting them to be firm and strong.
Without them, the study would be impossible to be successful and be full of failure.
Because of them, they made the researchers molded and be inspired in making this study.
Thank you very much guys.

6. 1
INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study
Cockroaches are common pests in the tropics. They have been known to cause
allergic reactions to most people and chew holes on clothes. According to Bato Balani for
Science and Technology, Vol. 14, No. 2, the real danger of cockroach lies in their ability to
transmit sometimes lethal diseases and organisms such as Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus
spp., Hepatitis viruses , and Coliform bacteria . They have been known to contaminate food,
at the same time infect it with the bacteria they carry. The bacteria they spread in food can
cause food poisoning.
People have used various instruments to control the cockroach problem in homes. The
most popular is the commonly used insecticide sprays. Most of these can destroy cockroaches
but they can also do serious damage to humans as well. According to the experts of the
website www.bayer.co.th, the active ingredients in these sprays, like tethramethrin, and
petroleum distillates can cause severe chest pains and cough attacks when inhaled. The
second most popular instrument is the cockroach coils. These coils can kill cockroaches yet
the active ingredients in these coils like allethrin, pynamin forte, prothrin and pyrethrin , can
cause harm to humans when inhaled. It also has an ozone-depleting ingredient. The third
most popular is the flypaper. The cockroaches will just stick into it. But when they are stuck,
the cockroaches will die and carcass can spread more bacteria.
In addition to the side effects of these materials, the costs of these cockroach killer are
high. All these set aside, the question on everyone’s mind is: What can be an effective and
natural cockroach killer? Well, we will find out because the study entitled “Carabo (Coleus
aromaticus) Leaves Extract and Ampalaya (Momordica charantia) Extract as an Alternative
Cockroach (Periplaneta) Killer” will aim to be success.

7. 2
Statement of the Problem
This experimental study will aim to kill cockroaches easily for the people who are going to
apply when they will encounter them. So it will answer the following questions;
1. Is using this alternative cockroach killer containing an extract of carabo and
ampalaya in different measurements will help in killing the cockroaches surrounding
everywhere?
2. Is making this alternative cockroach killer, expensive?
Hypothesis
Null Hypothesis
1. The alternative cockroach killer will fail on its job in killing cockroaches.
Alternative Hypothesis
2. The alternative cockroach killer will success in killing cockroaches.
Significance of the Study
The study if proven will benefit to the following people;
The Local Government will support the researchers and help to improve this study to
help its people.
The Community will benefit and could record the good one because of using this
alternative cockroach killer to lessen cases causing diseases.
The Residents will be happy because they can assure that every member of their
family is safe and clean from any dirty insects.

8. 3
The Future Researchers will going to improve this study in adding capable ingredients
that can kill certain harmful insects.
Scopes and Limitations
The study entitled “Carabo (Coleus aromaticus) Leaves Extract and Ampalaya
(Momordica charantia) Extract as an Alternative Cockroach (Periplaneta) Killer” focused on
the study of potentiality of this study in killing cockroaches. The cite of the experiment was
at P1-A Brgy. San Juan, Surigao City. The conduct of the experiment was limited only in the
identification of Country Borage (Coleus aromaticus) leaves extract and Ampalaya
(Momordica charantia) extract. From November 2016 to January 2017
Definition of Terms
Alkaloid. Are a group of naturally occurring chemical compounds that mostly
contain basic nitrogen atoms
Ampalaya. Momordica charantia, is a tropical plant largely found in Asia, South America,
East Africa and the Caribbean. Often referred to as bitter melon or bitter gourd,
its fruit is used in both food preparation and alternative medicines
Antibacterial Activity. Anything that destroys bacteria or suppresses their growth or their
ability to reproduce. Heat, chemicals such as chlorine,
and antibiotic drugs all have antibacterial properties
Antioxidant. A substance that inhibits oxidation, especially one used to counteract the
deterioration of stored food products
Antiproliferative. Substance used to prevent or retard the spread of cells, especially

9. 4
malignant cells, into surrounding tissues
Carabo. Plectranthus amboinicus, once identified as Coleus amboinicus, is a tender fleshy
perennial plant in the family Lamiaceae with an oregano-like flavor and odor,
native to Southern and Eastern Africa
Cockroach. Are insects of the order Blattodea, which also includes termites. About ,over
30 cockroach species out of 4,600 are associated with human habitats
Food Poisoning. Illness caused by bacteria or other toxins in food, typically with vomiting
and diarrhea
Methanol. It is a light, volatile, colorless, flammable liquid with a distinctive odor very
similar to that of ethanol (drinking alcohol). However, unlike ethanol, methanol
is highly toxic and unfit for consumption
Momordin. Found in the root of Momordica cochinchinensis where it constitutes 10% of the
dried methanol extract
Review of Related Literature
Carabo – (Country Borage) is an aromatic, perennial succulent which grows to about 1 meter
in height. Carabo has phytochemical property of capable of having antioxidant, antibacterial
activity and antiproliferative.The leaves, which put forth a strong sweet smelling odor, is
heart-shaped and fleshy in nature. The small flowers are white or pale purple in color. It has
so many medicinal use just like promotes the flow of urine, promotes menstrual flow, gives a
ton of vitality to the body, for the expelling of gases, flatulence and griping pains from the
stomach and bowels, indigestion, discomfort or pain, good for asthma and acute abdominal
pain, for cough and bronchitis, kidney problems and epilepsy, jaundice, gout and rheumatism,

10. 5
sores, ulcers, boils, sprains and swellings, sore throat, headache and urino-gental disorders,
and etc. In order to use this we must follow some easy steps like. The juice of the leaves is
recommended for dyspepsia or indigestion, discomfort or pain, for asthma, abdominal pain,
cough, bronchitis, kidney problems, epilepsy, jaundice, gout and rheumatism. The juice acts
as a good ointment when applied externally for sores, ulcers, boils, sprains and swellings. The
heated leaves applied externally relieves sore throat. Source:
(https://sites.google.com/site/medicinalplantshealing/list-of-plants/country-borage)
Ampalaya - Bitter gourd is a monoecious vine bearing tendrils and belonging to the plant
family Cucurbitaceae. It possesses of having the property of Glycosides: momordin,
charantin, momordin for constituent for 10% methanol and also, Alkaloid. The alternate
leaves are sub orbicular and deeply lobed. The flowers, 5-10 cm. long are yellow or white,
and are solitarily scattered all over the vine. The bitter fruit has an oblong shape and rough
outer surface. The flat seeds embedded in the fruits are also bitter. The young leaves, shoots
and fruit are eaten as vegetables. It has so many uses like treating chest problems, killing lice
and etc. According to well-known Ayurvedic practices, the regular use of the fresh fruit juice
is anti-diabetic, cardio tonic, anthelmintic, laxative and digestive stimulant. It is also usefulin
respiratory diseases,biliousness, anemia, jaundice, rheumatism, gout, urinary discharges and
piles.The root of this plant is used for chest problems, either in decoction or in powder form.
The washing of head with the root decoction is said to kill lice. The seeds, in infusion are
used for chronic malaria, enlarged spleen and coughs. The powder of the seed diluted in
warm water has the same effect. Used externally, the seeds are applied in the form of a paste
in fractures, bone dislocations, swellings, tumors, abscess of the breast, bruises, ulcer and
general wounds. Source: (https://sites.google.com/site/medicinalplantshealing/list-of-
plants/bitter-gourd)

11. 6
Cockroach - are insects of the order Blattodea, which also includes termites. About 30
cockroach species out of 4,600 are associated with human habitats. About four species are
well known as pests. The cockroaches are an ancient group, dating back at least as far as the
Carboniferous period, some 320 million years ago. Those early ancestors however lacked the
internal ovipositors of modern roaches. Cockroaches are somewhat generalized insects
without special adaptations like the sucking mouthparts of aphids and other true bugs; they
have chewing mouthparts and are likely among the most primitive of living neopteran insects.
They are common and hardy insects, and can tolerate a wide range of environments from
Arctic cold to tropical heat. Tropical cockroaches are often much bigger than temperate
species, and, contrary to popular belief, extinct cockroach relatives and 'roachoids' such as the
Carboniferous Archimylacris and the Permian Apthoroblattina were not as large as the
biggest modern species.Some species, such as the gregarious German cockroach, have an
elaborate social structure involving common shelter, social dependence, information transfer
and kin recognition. Cockroaches have appeared in human culture since classical antiquity.
They are popularly depicted as dirty pests, though the great majority of species are
inoffensive and live in a wide range of habitats around the world. And it is related to our
study because it is one of the most important materials needed for the experiment. Source:
(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cockroach)
Review of Related Studies
Carabo
- Indian borage (Plectranthus amboinicus) was investigated for antifungal activity
through agar well diffusion assay. Indian borage oil (IBO) was found to be effective against
various fungi tested, as it inhibited the radial growth of mycelia and exhibited broad
fungitoxic properties against Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus ochraceus

12. 7
CFR 221, Aspergillus oryzae, Candida versatilis, Fusarium sp. GF-1019, Penicillium sp., and
Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The effective concentration of IBO on the growth of A. ochraceus
in yeast extract sucrose medium was determined. IBO completely inhibited ochratoxin (OTA)
production by the toxigenic strain A. ochraceus at 500 ppm. Also, the application of IBO at
100 mg/g in food samples resulted in inhibition of the growth of A. ochraceus in food
systems such as groundnut, maize and poultry feed and no detectable amount of OTA was
found at a high moisture level of 30%, even after seven days. IBO has the potential for use as
a botanical fungitoxicant against fungal attack in stored food commodities. And it is related
to our study because it is one of the most important materials needed for the experiment
Source: (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S030881460801282X)
Ampalaya
- The study was experimental in nature, using completely randomized design.
Research locale: Aedes mosquito eggs were collected from one of the researcher's residence
in Mandaue city, breeding and hatching was done in the zoology laboratory of CDU.
Research subject: Two (2) to four (4) days old Aedes mosquito larvae. Research instrument:
Beaker, Measuring Cylinder, Plastic Containers, Spoon. Data collection procedure: Aedes
larvae were first treated with water, then with different concentrations of Ampalaya fruit juice
and finally with commercial larvicide. During each trial the numbers of dead larvae were
counted after time interval of 20 minutes, 40 minutes and one (1) hour. The larvae that
floated and did not show any movement or even did not respond to very slow stirring of the
plastic spoon were considered dead larvae and the one which showed movement were
counted as alive larvae. Result: The larvicidal effect was not superior to ABATE 1SG.
Conclusion: In conclusion Ampalaya fruit juice had a larvicidal effect, but it was inferior to
the positive control ABATE 1SG.
(http://www.herdin.ph/index.php/component/herdin/?view=research&cid=54590)

13. 8
METHODOLOGY
ResearchDesign
The study entitled “Carabo (Coleus aromaticus) Leaves Extract and Ampalaya
(Momordica charantia) Extract as an Alternative Cockroach (Periplaneta) Killer” used the
experimental research design for the study to focus only to the experiment and result to avoid
confusions.
Schematic Diagram
Gathering of Materials
The materials are being gathered by the researcher. It may be seen outside, or can be bought
at a market and or materials can be found just in home. So the materials are:
Carabo Ampalaya
3 Plastic Bottles Graduated Cylinder
Pestle and Mortar
A. Gathering of
Materials Needed
in Experiment
C. Create a
Pre-Test of the
Experiment
D. Create an
Experiment
B. Following the
Procedures
E. Gathering of
the Data and
Results

14. 9
Following the Procedures
The first thing to do is to prepare and clean all the materials before conducting an
experiment by the researchers. Segregate them by using plates or any materials that can be
used as keeper and may be labeled to avoid confusion. Then, the carabo will be the first to be
extracted using the pestle and mortar, and when it reaches 135ml, put it on an empty plastic
bottle and set aside for a while. Clean the pestle and mortar. The ampalaya will be the next to
be extracted, the extraction is just the same with carabo until it reaches 135ml liquid solution.
In each trials, the measurements of the solutions are just the same, 15ml carabo extract and
15ml ampalaya extract. In-able to measure the amount of a substance we are going to use
measuring cup. The 135ml extract from the carabo is been to be divided into 3 set-ups and 3
trials which this thing was being gathered in the backyard of the researchers. The ampalaya
was extracted and produced also 45ml and been divided into 3 trials that was needed for the
solution to be more effective which can be bought at the Public Market. In order for these
materials to be extracted the researchers used a pestle and mortar. Each setup and trials has
been putted in an empty plastic bottle.
Creating a Pre-Test
Wearing complete gear-set, parent guided and in a place that is far from flammable
materials like wood are some basic important things to react before conducting an experiment
to secure the protection from danger of the researchers. Do it in a favorable weather condition
inside the house. Should never forget the materials needed, so that the steps are being
performed responsibly by the researchers. And do the pre-test of the experiment.

15. 10
Creating an Experiment
Now you have already the pre-test, so your next to do is to create an experiment. This
will prove that your hypothesis is true. Just follow the steps above being stated. When you
have already the finished product, test it to the sample, then count the number of cockroaches
that died, capture important images and search for important information about the result.
And lastly, write down the results of your experiment then list it maybe in a form of table.
Gathering the Data and Results
If the experiment is already done you are now going to gather all the information that
will show up in the result of your experiment. The result will show up for sure after
performing all the steps. The result is may be putted in a form of a table, because this may
help the readers to get automatically the effect of this substance to the sample. Testify which
hypothesis does fit to it. To gather the results you must capture some important happenings in
the experiment, taking down notes of your observation can help a lot in providing evidence,
camera recording has an important role too. That you may conclude in the defense part to
get a high rate of satisfactory of the study.

16. 11
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
Results
The study entitled “Carabo (Coleus aromaticus) Leaves Extract and Ampalaya
(Momordica charantia) Extract as an Alternative Cockroach (Periplaneta) Killer” was
conducted at P-1A Brgy. San Juan, Surigao City and Surigao City Health Office. The results
were shown in the table:
Alternative Dishwashing Liquid’s Result
Set Ups
Concentration
No. Of
Samples
Time Until The
Samples Dies
Under The Solution
Set Up 1 60 ml Ampalaya
Extract and 30 ml
Carabo Extract
3 1 Minute and 29.3
Seconds
Trial 1 20 ml Ampalaya
Extract and 10 ml
Carabo Extract
1 1 Minute and 30
Seconds
Trial 2 20 ml Ampalaya
Extract and 10 ml
Carabo Extract
1 1 Minute and 33
Seconds
Trial 3 20 ml Ampalaya
Extract and 10 ml
Carabo Extract
1 1 Minute and 25
Seconds
Set Up 2 45 ml Ampalaya
Extract and 45 ml
Carabo Extract
3 53.3 Seconds
Trial 1 15 ml Ampalaya
Extract and 15 ml
Carabo Extract
1 48 Seconds

17. 12
Trial 2 15 ml Ampalaya
Extract and 15 ml
Carabo Extract
1 53 Seconds
Trial 3 15 ml Ampalaya
Extract and 15 ml
Carabo Extract
1 59 Seconds
Set Up 3 30 ml Ampalaya
Extract and 60 ml
Carabo Extract
3 27.7 Seconds
Trial 1 10 ml Ampalaya
Extract and 20 ml
Carabo Extract
1 29 Seconds
Trial 2 10 ml Ampalaya
Extract and 20 ml
Carabo Extract
1 25 Seconds
Trial 3 10 ml Ampalaya
Extract and 20 ml
Carabo Extract
1 26 Seconds
Discussions
In setups 1, 2, and 3 there are 3 trials, so 9 cockroaches. The cockroaches are being
cared properly, they eat their food and in a place of well ventilated with air, so they can adjust
in the environment. In each set ups, the number of cockroaches are uniform in 3 and trials
uniform of 1. In each setup there are different concentration to vary the effectiveness of
extract. As shown above, there are less amount of time recorded in setup 3 which with greater
amount of carabo with less amount of ampalaya, and more amount of time in setup 1 which
with greater amount of ampalaya with less amount of carabo, in other words, carabo is more
effective in killing cockroaches than ampalaya. So we could say that our alternative
cockroach killer can kill cockroaches.

18. 13
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATION
Summary
The study entitled “Carabo (Coleus aromaticus) Leaves Extract and Ampalaya
(Momordica charantia) Extract as an Alternative Cockroach (Periplaneta) Killer” was
conducted on January 13, 2017 at P-1A Brgy. San Juan, Surigao City. In order to kill the
samples, these samples were dipped to the solution of carabo and ampalaya then recorded the
time until these samples died.
Conclusion
In the conclusion, “Carabo (Coleus aromaticus) Leaves Extract and Ampalaya
(Momordica charantia) Extract as an Alternative Cockroach (Periplaneta) Killer” was an
effective repellent because carabo has phytochemical property of capable of having
antioxidant, antibacterial activity and antiproliferative and for ampalaya, it possesses of
having the property of Glycosides: momordin, charantin, momordin for constituent for 10%
methanol and also, Alkaloid. It is effective within 30-second time interval. It could kill
cockroaches, it is not harmful in the environment and is effective.
Recommendation
The researchers would like to recommend the future researchers to follow the same
procedures of this experiment, they just need to change some ingredients and ways in order to
kill these samples, the number of samples are just the same, but, measurements can be
changed. Then the future researchers will take down notes during the conduct of the
experiment and go!

19. 14
REFERENCES
Introuction
1.(http://www.pestworld.org/news-and-views/pest-health-hub/posts/the-truth-about-
cockroaches-and-health)
2.(http://www.ncbi.nlm.gov/books/NBK92775/)
3.(http://moringasupergulay.blogspot.com/p/clinical-studies.html)
Review of Related Literature
4.(https://sites.google.com/site/medicinalplantshealing/list-of-plants/country-borage)
5.(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extract)
6.(https://sites.google.com/site/medicinalplantshealing/list-of-plants/bitter-gourd)
7.(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insect_repellent)
8.(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cockroach)
Review of Related Studies
9.(http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S030881460801282X)
10.(http://www.herdin.ph/index.php/component/herdin/?view=research&cid=54590)

20. 15
APPENDICES
Gathering of Materials
The Carabo and Ampalaya
Transferring of the Carabo and Ampalaya in the Pestle and Mortar

21. 16
Extraction of the Carabo and Ampalaya
Extract of the Carabo and Ampalaya
The Finished Product

22. 17
Applying it in the First Set-up
Applying it in the Second Set-up
Applying it in the Third Set-up