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IPR in 2021
Jacques Folon
www.folon.com
Partner Edge Consulting
Maître de conférences
Université de Liège
Chargé de cours
ICHEC Brussels
Professeur invité
Université de Lorraine
ESC Rennes
IACE Tunis
IAM OUagadougou
http://www.nyls.edu/institute_for_information_law_and_policy/conferences/visualizing_law_in_the_digital_age/
Some IPR Criticisms
2
http://pyersedandridge.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/website-home-page-critique-550x322.jpg
80% of the French Internet Users
do consider that Pyracy is not
theft
3
Ichec ipr feb 2021
5
COPYRIGHT LENGHT INCREASES
6
IPR is outdated
Beaumarchais created
the first copyright society
in 1777
FRANCE IS
THE
« DROIT D’AUTEUR»
COUNTRY
IS IPR a property like any other one?
• No, it is limited in time
7
• No, it creates a temporary monopoly position
8
IS IPR a property like any other one?
IPR limits research
9
IPR limits art
10
What is the purpose of IPR?
• It allows the possibility for an author to
live
• It gives various type of protection
11
Février 2008
IDEAS
Ideas are not protected
works. They are not
subject to property and
are free as far as they
are not proposed in an
external way
(CA Paris 12 sept
1989)
IPR
• Inventions
– Patents
– GMO
– IT Chips
• Signs
– Trade mark
– Names
– Geographical protection
• Esthetical objects & design
– Design
• Copyright, droit d’auteur & neighboring
rights
13
« Droit d’auteur »
Original
• « shows the personality of the author »
• Plagiarism is not original
Concretization
• Ideas are not protected
• A minimum of concretization is enough
• L’œuvre est protégée dès sa création ,
sans procédure particulière
• two criteria needed
Source: Lionel Maurel http://www.slideshare.net/calimaq/droit-de-linternet-et-de-linformation-complet
15
Questions to raise before using
protected works
• Are these protected works?
• Are we authorized to use them?
• Do we have a written agreement?
=> what are the basic principles?
16
Basic principles
• Exclusive right
• 70 Years after author’s death
• Preliminary authorization
• transfer of rights
• forbidden by law !!
Crédit image: http://www.tetedequenelle.fr/2010/03/droit-dauteur-mal-tourne/
17
18
Categories
« Droit d’auteur »
« copyright system »
creative commons
assignment of rights
Public domain
What is protected ?
Text
Conferences
theatre
choreography
circus
movie
paintings
music
photo
maps
architecture
software
design
fashion
20
Membership of collective societies
• SACD - SACEM - SAIF
• SGAE - GEMA…
• SOFAM
• …
Authors assign their rights to
• Publishers (books, press, etc.)
• Producteurs (musique, cinéma)
Author’s keep some rights
• Reproduction (xerox copy)
• Representation
Contract
Trough
mandate
they keep
moral right
Source: Lionel Maurel http://www.slideshare.net/calimaq/droit-de-linternet-et-de-linformation-complet
Various assignments or representation
21
Protection of the work
• Official declaration in the copyright
system
• Nothing for « droit d’auteur »
25
The Author
Copyright system the producer
Droit d’auteur: the individual
24
Patrimonial rights
Patrimonial rights could be assigned to a third party
trout a contract, against payment or for free
reproduction
adaptation
communication to the public
translation
representation
Crédit image: http://www.moneyandfinanceblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/Money-transfer-sending-money.jpg
27
reproduction right
•A copy of the work
•Xerox copy
•3D printing
•Recording
•copy of a film
•etc.
• IFFRO and copy
27
The fact that one buys an object does not
means that he/she automatically owns the
copyrights
118
Copyright protection does not vary following
• the nature of the work (music,
sculpture, etc.)
• its form (digital, 3D or 2D, etc.)
• Its beauty or its price
29
Moral right
Only in some
countries
end of the work
could not be seazed
Paternity
respect
destruction
honor & reputation
120
Ichec ipr feb 2021
Exceptions
31
Quotations
legal licences
reprography
family
news
communication as minor element
fair use
public domain
FAIR USE
– the usage of the work may be accepted
depending on
• the usage (education
• the type of work
• size and quantities of use
• consequences on the market share
33
35
Neighboring rights
categories that help the author or created
specific rights
performing artists
producers
broadcasters
database producers
duration 70 years
Various type of remuneration
• Proportionnal
• Assignment of rights
• Collective organisations
• individual negociations
• Employee
• Legal licence
Which authorization for internet use?
• Reproduction rights
• Communication to the public
• ! each use s/b authorized
• Do not forget moral right
• assignment of right s/b in writing
To whom may we ask the
authorization?
• Author
• Performing artists
• Neighboring rights
• Broadcasters
• Rightsowners
• Collective organizations may help
Assignment of rights
(Droit d’auteur)
• in writing
• Strict interpretation
• S/B precise
– which right
– remuneration
– how long
– for which territory
• Difference with the copyright system
IPR and ICT
44
Ichec ipr feb 2021
46
Open source software
47
48
Other licences
« What »
No
authorization
needed as far
as you respect
the licence
A contract is needed for an
additional use (commercial by
instance)
Example
Creative Commons
4 criteria 6 liences
What is new
• individual rights management
• Preliminary authorization
• usage pre-defined
the most popular is CC invented by
Lawrence Lessig
philosophy oh the library of Alexandria
Free as a free speech not as a free beer
• 4 criteria :
– atribute)
– no derivative
– Share-alike
– Non commercial (nc)
Ichec ipr feb 2021
Now you know how to handle
droit d’auteur, copyright &
neighboring rights
don’t forget it !
58
TRADEMARKS
An image, a graphic design
a word, an image
useful to recognize products
forbid confusion with other products
Duration 10 years renewable
by country and for EU
CONDITIONS
not forbid by law
no confusion
new means nothing similar already protected
DISTINCTIVE <> GENERIC, USUAL OU
DESCRIPTIVE
Third party could refuse (ex:Apple)
Trademarks, domain names &
user names in social media
200 millions domain names
2 billions user names
google search identifies user names
crédit image: http://www.them.pro/files/images/domain-names-extensions.jpg
No coordination
=
CONFLIT
source FREDERIC BOURGUET
http://www.slideshare.net/search/slideshow?searchfrom=header&q=noms+de+domaine
trademarks usernames
64
Some conflicts
• pre-existing trademark (Milka)
• idem but reasons (armani)
• trademark created after a domain name
78
Trademark is important
• important since the beginning !
• Part of the e-reputation
• Allows to refuse other trademarks
requests
• need to follow what happens on line
Design & models
Protects appearance if
it is new
it is specific
Duration 25 years
http://lyc-stpaulnotredame-72.ac-nantes.fr/IMG/jpg/Philippe_Starck_1949-_-_Presse-Agrume_1_.jpg
https://encrypted-tbn1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRLU6-6-PHFcb9sXL9Vmx10ANW5L_gBg2a6RL2f79VbD5dxkQFlMg
Patents
Promotes research by giving during a
limited time (20 years) a monopoly to a
person or a company who invent a product
a process that is new
In order to receive a patent 4 conditions :
– new technical effect
– industrial consequences
– new (unknow by the public)
– Innovative (as expert decide)
71
Why did Google bought Motorola ?
Right on his/her image
72
Basic principles
• International treaties
• privacy means also right to his image
• principally no need for a damage
• Preliminary authorization needed
• duration 20 years after the individual’s death
How ?
Prior authorization requested
Exceptions:
–person with a public status - even temporary (only during
public life)
–consent for a shooting does not mean consent for usage
the person needs be identified (>< crowd)
Internet: digital far west ?
76
77
First court case
@
OPTE Project Map of the Internet – CC-BY
78
•Peer to peer
•drugs
•counterfeits products
•Diffamation
Virtual world– real world
National law - internet
INTERNET LAW ?
•There is no internet law
•digital is not different
•new usages & international level
•Digital influence the legal framework
79
Digital influence
80
Source: http://www.slideshare.net/calimaq/ecriture-web-et-dimension-juridique
•Cut & paste
•multimedia (voice, music, video, )
•co-working
•immediate publication
•re-use, re-create, re-publish
•a work has an independent life
Digital and the law
Laws do exist but are not
respected
New problems that are not
covered by existing laws
Who is responsible? (creator,
hosted, telecom operator,…)
Applicable law ?
83
Google Book Search
•US law vs. French law
• French stops Google
•Finally agreements
84
• more & more influence of the terms &
conditions
Applicable law is a complex matter
88
Is it legal ???
Is a tweet
a protected work?
Ichec ipr feb 2021
Where is the limit?
• What happens after your death?
emails
social media ?
virtual goods
e-reputation
CC-BY-NC-ND Henning
97
Source: Lionel Maurel http://www.slideshare.net/calimaq/droit-de-linternet-et-de-linformation-complet
Where is the limit ?
98
Source: Lionel Maurel http://www.slideshare.net/calimaq/droit-de-linternet-et-de-linformation-complet
Theft in videogames ?
WHERE IS THE LIMIT?
ARE AVATARS BECOMING LEGAL
ENTITIES ?
Sur Second Life
99
CURATION : ILLEGAL ?
100
http://www.scoop.it/t/any-need-for-reinventing-copyright-droit-d-auteur-intellectual-property-news
101
AUTHOR ?
A few lines
Photo Share… legally?
102
Jacques Folon
Jacques.folon@ichec.be
104
Q & A
Crédit image: http://jillsbooks.wordpress.com/2010/09/15/hellooooo-anybody-out-there/raise-your-hand-2/
Ichec ipr feb 2021

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Ichec ipr feb 2021

  • 1. IPR in 2021 Jacques Folon www.folon.com Partner Edge Consulting Maître de conférences Université de Liège Chargé de cours ICHEC Brussels Professeur invité Université de Lorraine ESC Rennes IACE Tunis IAM OUagadougou http://www.nyls.edu/institute_for_information_law_and_policy/conferences/visualizing_law_in_the_digital_age/
  • 3. 80% of the French Internet Users do consider that Pyracy is not theft 3
  • 6. 6 IPR is outdated Beaumarchais created the first copyright society in 1777 FRANCE IS THE « DROIT D’AUTEUR» COUNTRY
  • 7. IS IPR a property like any other one? • No, it is limited in time 7
  • 8. • No, it creates a temporary monopoly position 8 IS IPR a property like any other one?
  • 11. What is the purpose of IPR? • It allows the possibility for an author to live • It gives various type of protection 11
  • 12. Février 2008 IDEAS Ideas are not protected works. They are not subject to property and are free as far as they are not proposed in an external way (CA Paris 12 sept 1989)
  • 13. IPR • Inventions – Patents – GMO – IT Chips • Signs – Trade mark – Names – Geographical protection • Esthetical objects & design – Design • Copyright, droit d’auteur & neighboring rights 13
  • 14. « Droit d’auteur » Original • « shows the personality of the author » • Plagiarism is not original Concretization • Ideas are not protected • A minimum of concretization is enough • L’œuvre est protégée dès sa création , sans procédure particulière • two criteria needed Source: Lionel Maurel http://www.slideshare.net/calimaq/droit-de-linternet-et-de-linformation-complet
  • 15. 15 Questions to raise before using protected works • Are these protected works? • Are we authorized to use them? • Do we have a written agreement? => what are the basic principles?
  • 16. 16 Basic principles • Exclusive right • 70 Years after author’s death • Preliminary authorization • transfer of rights • forbidden by law !! Crédit image: http://www.tetedequenelle.fr/2010/03/droit-dauteur-mal-tourne/
  • 17. 17
  • 18. 18 Categories « Droit d’auteur » « copyright system » creative commons assignment of rights Public domain
  • 19. What is protected ? Text Conferences theatre choreography circus movie paintings music photo maps architecture software design fashion
  • 20. 20 Membership of collective societies • SACD - SACEM - SAIF • SGAE - GEMA… • SOFAM • … Authors assign their rights to • Publishers (books, press, etc.) • Producteurs (musique, cinéma) Author’s keep some rights • Reproduction (xerox copy) • Representation Contract Trough mandate they keep moral right Source: Lionel Maurel http://www.slideshare.net/calimaq/droit-de-linternet-et-de-linformation-complet Various assignments or representation
  • 21. 21 Protection of the work • Official declaration in the copyright system • Nothing for « droit d’auteur »
  • 22. 25 The Author Copyright system the producer Droit d’auteur: the individual
  • 23. 24 Patrimonial rights Patrimonial rights could be assigned to a third party trout a contract, against payment or for free reproduction adaptation communication to the public translation representation Crédit image: http://www.moneyandfinanceblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/Money-transfer-sending-money.jpg
  • 24. 27 reproduction right •A copy of the work •Xerox copy •3D printing •Recording •copy of a film •etc. • IFFRO and copy
  • 25. 27 The fact that one buys an object does not means that he/she automatically owns the copyrights 118
  • 26. Copyright protection does not vary following • the nature of the work (music, sculpture, etc.) • its form (digital, 3D or 2D, etc.) • Its beauty or its price
  • 27. 29 Moral right Only in some countries end of the work could not be seazed Paternity respect destruction honor & reputation 120
  • 30. FAIR USE – the usage of the work may be accepted depending on • the usage (education • the type of work • size and quantities of use • consequences on the market share 33
  • 31. 35 Neighboring rights categories that help the author or created specific rights performing artists producers broadcasters database producers duration 70 years
  • 32. Various type of remuneration • Proportionnal • Assignment of rights • Collective organisations • individual negociations • Employee • Legal licence
  • 33. Which authorization for internet use? • Reproduction rights • Communication to the public • ! each use s/b authorized • Do not forget moral right • assignment of right s/b in writing
  • 34. To whom may we ask the authorization? • Author • Performing artists • Neighboring rights • Broadcasters • Rightsowners • Collective organizations may help
  • 35. Assignment of rights (Droit d’auteur) • in writing • Strict interpretation • S/B precise – which right – remuneration – how long – for which territory • Difference with the copyright system
  • 38. 46
  • 40. 48
  • 42. « What » No authorization needed as far as you respect the licence A contract is needed for an additional use (commercial by instance) Example Creative Commons 4 criteria 6 liences
  • 43. What is new • individual rights management • Preliminary authorization • usage pre-defined
  • 44. the most popular is CC invented by Lawrence Lessig philosophy oh the library of Alexandria Free as a free speech not as a free beer
  • 45. • 4 criteria : – atribute) – no derivative – Share-alike – Non commercial (nc)
  • 47. Now you know how to handle droit d’auteur, copyright & neighboring rights don’t forget it ! 58
  • 48. TRADEMARKS An image, a graphic design a word, an image useful to recognize products forbid confusion with other products Duration 10 years renewable by country and for EU
  • 49. CONDITIONS not forbid by law no confusion new means nothing similar already protected DISTINCTIVE <> GENERIC, USUAL OU DESCRIPTIVE Third party could refuse (ex:Apple)
  • 50. Trademarks, domain names & user names in social media 200 millions domain names 2 billions user names google search identifies user names crédit image: http://www.them.pro/files/images/domain-names-extensions.jpg
  • 51. No coordination = CONFLIT source FREDERIC BOURGUET http://www.slideshare.net/search/slideshow?searchfrom=header&q=noms+de+domaine trademarks usernames
  • 52. 64 Some conflicts • pre-existing trademark (Milka) • idem but reasons (armani) • trademark created after a domain name 78
  • 53. Trademark is important • important since the beginning ! • Part of the e-reputation • Allows to refuse other trademarks requests • need to follow what happens on line
  • 54. Design & models Protects appearance if it is new it is specific Duration 25 years http://lyc-stpaulnotredame-72.ac-nantes.fr/IMG/jpg/Philippe_Starck_1949-_-_Presse-Agrume_1_.jpg https://encrypted-tbn1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRLU6-6-PHFcb9sXL9Vmx10ANW5L_gBg2a6RL2f79VbD5dxkQFlMg
  • 56. Promotes research by giving during a limited time (20 years) a monopoly to a person or a company who invent a product a process that is new
  • 57. In order to receive a patent 4 conditions : – new technical effect – industrial consequences – new (unknow by the public) – Innovative (as expert decide)
  • 58. 71 Why did Google bought Motorola ?
  • 59. Right on his/her image 72
  • 60. Basic principles • International treaties • privacy means also right to his image • principally no need for a damage • Preliminary authorization needed • duration 20 years after the individual’s death
  • 61. How ? Prior authorization requested Exceptions: –person with a public status - even temporary (only during public life) –consent for a shooting does not mean consent for usage the person needs be identified (>< crowd)
  • 64. @ OPTE Project Map of the Internet – CC-BY 78 •Peer to peer •drugs •counterfeits products •Diffamation Virtual world– real world National law - internet
  • 65. INTERNET LAW ? •There is no internet law •digital is not different •new usages & international level •Digital influence the legal framework 79
  • 66. Digital influence 80 Source: http://www.slideshare.net/calimaq/ecriture-web-et-dimension-juridique •Cut & paste •multimedia (voice, music, video, ) •co-working •immediate publication •re-use, re-create, re-publish •a work has an independent life
  • 67. Digital and the law Laws do exist but are not respected New problems that are not covered by existing laws Who is responsible? (creator, hosted, telecom operator,…) Applicable law ? 83
  • 68. Google Book Search •US law vs. French law • French stops Google •Finally agreements 84
  • 69. • more & more influence of the terms & conditions Applicable law is a complex matter
  • 71. Is a tweet a protected work?
  • 73. Where is the limit? • What happens after your death? emails social media ? virtual goods e-reputation CC-BY-NC-ND Henning 97 Source: Lionel Maurel http://www.slideshare.net/calimaq/droit-de-linternet-et-de-linformation-complet
  • 74. Where is the limit ? 98 Source: Lionel Maurel http://www.slideshare.net/calimaq/droit-de-linternet-et-de-linformation-complet Theft in videogames ?
  • 75. WHERE IS THE LIMIT? ARE AVATARS BECOMING LEGAL ENTITIES ? Sur Second Life 99
  • 78. 102
  • 80. 104 Q & A Crédit image: http://jillsbooks.wordpress.com/2010/09/15/hellooooo-anybody-out-there/raise-your-hand-2/