FOODCROPS.VN. Dr. Prapit Wongtiem. Rayong field crops research center

1. Welcome to
Rayong Field Crops
Research Center

2. Dr. Prapit Wongtiem
Breeding & Biotechnologist
RYFCRC/FCRI/DOA
Situation and Utilization
of Cassava

3. Rayong Field Crops
Research Center
(RYFCRC)
Rayong Field Crops
Research Center
(RYFCRC)
Cassava Released
Varieties
In Thailand
Cassava Released
Varieties
In Thailand
Mission
- Research and
Development
- Technology transfer
- Services
Mission
- Research and
Development
- Technology transfer
- Services
Out line
Utilization of cassavaUtilization of cassava
Attractions in RayongAttractions in Rayong
Situation of ThailandSituation of Thailand
Situation of WorldSituation of World

4. Situation of World

5. Situation of cassava in the World
The importance of cassava
• Cassava is an important food crop in the world no. 5
• Cassava is an important food crop in tropical countries
Specific countries; Africa and South America
• In Asia, Indonesia and India are consuming a lot of cassava
Food Animal feed Other benefits
Production
(percent)
60 27.5 12.5

6. Situation of cassava in the World
Vietnam
3%
Indonesia
6%
Thailand
6%
Congo
11%Angora
5%
Other
30%
Nigeria
19%
Brazil
9%
India
1%
Mozambique
5%
Ghana
5%
Harvested area in each country (2011)

7. Situation of cassava in the World
1. Nigeria: 52.40 Million tons
2. Brazil: 25.44 Million tons
3. Indonesia : 24.01 Million tons
4. Thai: 21.91 Million tons
2011, Thailand is no.4 of the world:
Production of cassava 21.91 million tons

8. Situation of cassava in the World
Marketing of cassava in 2011
2011, Demand increased from a year ago due to
 Producing countries in Asia have promotion policy
about the cassava production for renewal energy
 Sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America have promotion
policy use cassava starch instead cereal starch imports

9. Situation of cassava in the World
Exports of cassava, 2011
Major exporting country is Thailand ; have 79.56%
of all market
Subordinate viz Vietnam and Indonesia have share of
the market about 9.73% and 2.42% respectively

10. Situation of cassava in the World
Cassava export country
Quantity: tons

11. Situation of cassava
Cassava export country
Value (thousands of U.S. dollars)
Thailand
Vietnam
Indonesia
Brazil
China
Nigeria
Other
1,800,000
1,600,000
1,400,000
1,200,000
1,000,000
800,000
600,000
400,000
200,000
0
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010

12. Situation of Thailand

13. Situation of cassava in Thailand
Thailand is a important producer of cassava in the
world. Cassava of Thailand used to the export

14. Situation of cassava in Thailand
Situation Marketing year 2013
Consumption and the demand for cassava.
Year 2013 demand for domestic increase from a year ago
because cassava can be used in a variety of industries including the
production of ethanol. Expected to use cassava. As raw material in
the production increase as well

15. Year 2013, exporting increase from a year ago, because
cassava yield increased and the demands of the market in the
form of cassava chips and cassava starch increased continuously
The Exports
Situation Marketing year 2013
Situation of cassava in Thailand

16. Situation Marketing year 2013
Factors affecting the export of cassava chips in Thailand
Due to cassava chips exports of Thailand. Have been found
to have a lot of dust
So, Thailand should find solutions and prevention
Situation of cassava in Thailand

17. Situation of cassava in Thailand
Source: Office of Agricultural Economics
In 2014, expected harvested area is decreased from
a year ago, because the farmers turn to grown maize and
sugarcane instead but the production increased from a
year ago about 1.69%
particular 2011 2012 2013 2014*
Harvested area (million rai)
Production (million tons)
Yield (tons)
7.10
21.91
3.09
7.91
26.60
3.36
8.14
28.28
3.66
7.99
28.76
3.60
*estimat
es

18. Year 2014. Expect exporting increase from a year ago
about 8%, because, Chinese market has a high demand for
cassava starch
The Exports
Situation Marketing year 2014
Situation of cassava in Thailand

19. Situation of cassava in Thailand
Opportunities and Impacts of AEC
towards Cassava in Thailand
 The risks of competition in ASEAN market towards Thai
cassava
• Cassava yield per rai in Thailand is lower than
Cambodia’s and Indonesia’s
• Cost and profits of Thai cassava farmers
• High fluctuation of the cassava root prices
Source: TTTA
 Opportunities of Thai cassava in ASEAN market
• Areas and the production of cassava
• The exports and the productions of cassava

20. Attractions in Rayong

21. Rayong is here

22. Attractions in Rayong
Samet Islands
Far from here about 40 km. and By boat for 40 minute

23. Attractions in Rayong
Rayong Aquarium
Far from here about 34 km. (near Ban-Phe Market)

24. Attractions in Rayong
Mae-Pim Beach
Far from here about 53.6 km.

25. Attractions in Rayong
Ban Phe Market
Far from here about 40 km.

26. Rayong Field Crops Research Center (RYFCRC)

27. Rayong Field Crops Research Center
RYFCRC is here
DOA and FCRI
Rayong Field Crops Research
Center (RYFCRC)
• area 600 rai
• In Rayong Province, eastern
of Thailand
• Research on cassava
• Under control of Field Crops
Research Institute,
Department of Agriculture

28. Research and Development

29. Tissue Culture
Germ plasm

30. Characterization
Tissue Culture

31. Somatic embryogenesis
Tissue Culture

32. Breeding & Agronomy
F1 seeds
F1 seedling Fertilization.

33. Breeding & Agronomy
Evaluate F1 yield trait
Selection F1 cassava: Good shape and high yield
Seedling field

34. Soil conserve & improve
green manure
Soil erosion

35. Plant protection
Pests and Diseases
• Pests and diseases begin to cause
severe problems espectialy
• mealy bug
(Phenacoccus manihoti )
• cassava bacterial blight
(Xanthomonas axonopodis pv.
manihotis)
They can cause total loss of young
cassava plants.

36. Plant protection
Diseases
Cassava anthracnose disease
(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides f.sp. manihotis)
Cassava bacterial blight
(Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis)

37. Brown leaf spot
(Cercospora henningsii)
Root rots
(Phytophthora drechsleri,
Pythium spp., Sclerotium sp.)
Plant protection

38.  These diseases can be controlled in various ways
• Planting resistant or tolerant varieties
• Selecting healthy and diseases free planting materials
• Removing and burning any infected plants if present
Plant protection

39. Plant protection
Insect pests of cassava in Thailand

40. Plant protection
mouth part
body part
- size 100-400 micron - body part
- body separate 2 part - 4 pair of legs
- mouth part - sucking type mouth part
Life cycle of
spider mite
Life cycle of
spider miteegg
Lavar Nymph 1
Nymph 2
Adult maleAdult female

41. Plant protection
Life cycle of
whitefly
Life cycle of
whitefly

42. Plant protection
StripedStriped
Mealy bugMealy bug
Jack BeardsleyJack Beardsley
Mealy bugMealy bug
MadeiraMadeira PinkPink

43. Plant protection
bunchy topbunchy topbunchy topbunchy top die backdie backdie backdie back
stem is densestem is densestem is densestem is dense
SymptSympt
om ofom of
damagdamag
eses
low Yieldlow Yieldlow Yieldlow Yield

44. Plant protection
The common insect pests are
- red mite (Oligonychus biharensis)
- red spider mite (Tetranychus truncates, Ehara)
- striped mealybug (Firrisia virgata, Cockerell)
- whitefly (Dialeurodes spp.)
- black scale (Saissetia miranda)
Most of them infest plants during the dry season
or during periods of prolonged drought and cause
severe damage to the young plants of susceptible v
arieties

45. Parasite Predators
Anagyrus sp.
Natural enemies

46. MaleMale
AnagyrusAnagyrus
lopezilopezi
FemaleFemale
Natural enemies

47. Postharvest

48. Technology transfer

49. Services
- Soil analysis
- Plant analysis
- Distribution of predators for
insects control

50. Cassava Released Varieties
In Thailand
14 Released Varieties

51. Rayong 1 Year Released 1975
Avg. fresh roots yield from 161 trails
22 t/ha
Avg. fresh roots yield (Farmers’ field)
13.6 t/ha
Starch content 18-24 %

52. Rayong 2 Year Released 1984
Sweet type for human consumption
Moderately high yield 19 t/ha
Low starch content 14 %

53. Rayong 3 Year Released 1984
Avg. fresh roots yield from 120 trials
19.9 t/ha
Avg. fresh roots yield (Farmers’ field)
11.8 t/ha
Starch content 23-28 %

54. Rayong 60 Year Released 1987
Avg. fresh roots yield from 120
trials 26.5 t/ha
Avg. fresh rots yield (Farmers’
field)
14.7 t/ha
Starch content 18-25 %

55. Rayong 90 Year Released 1991
Avg. fresh roots yield from 161 trials
24.8 t/ha
Avg. fresh roots yield (Farmers’
field) 14.7 t/ha
Starch content 24-29 %

56. Rayong 5 Year Released 1994
Avg. fresh roots yield from 161 trails
25.6 t/ha
Avg. fresh roots yield (Farmers’
field) 18.1 t/ha
Starch content 22-27 %

57. Rayong 72 Year released 2000
Avg. fresh roots yield from 108
trails 31.6 t/ha
Avg. fresh roots yield (Farmers’
field) 25.0 t/ha
Starch content 20-25 %

58. Rayong 7 Year released 2005
Good for late rainy season
Avg. fresh roots yield 39.0 t/ha
Starch content 23-28 %

59. Rayong 9 Year released 2006
High ethanol yield 180 l/ton
of fresh root
Avg. fresh roots yield 30.6 t/ha
Starch content 24-30 %

60. Rayong 11 Year released 2010
High starch content
Avg. fresh roots yield 27.7 t/ha
Starch content 26-32 %

61. Kasetsart 50 Year released 1992
High starch content
Avg. fresh roots yield 26.6 t/ha
Starch content 22-28 %

62. Hauy Bong 60 Year released 2003
High starch content
Avg. fresh roots yield 30 t/ha
Starch content 25-30 %

63. Hauy Bong 80 Year released 2010
High starch content
Avg. fresh roots yield 31.25 t/ha
Starch content 27.3%

64. Rayong 86-13 Year released 2013
High starch content
Avg. fresh roots yield 45.13 t/ha
Starch content 26.3 %

65. Hanatee
Low starch content
The variety for eat
Should not harvest
age 10 exceed month

66. Utilization of cassava

67. Industrial application of cassava product

68. • The direct
consumption
• Cassava chip
industry
• Cassava pellet
industry
• Cassava starch
Utilization of Cassava

69. • Used as a
direct human
food
• Used as
fodder
The direct consumption

70. • Fresh roots
- Used as food in the
household such as steamed,
grilled or processed into flour
and used to make various
types of foods as well as
leading to slice a thin sheet
(Chip) and fry
• Leaves
Used as a direct human food

71. Human foods

72. • Fresh roots
- Used as fodder both the fresh
root, residue of the flour and the
bark of roots
• Leaves
- Used in fresh leaves by drying
and ground into a powder and
then mixed with animal feed
• Stems
Used as fodder

73. Fodder

74. • By cutting the fresh roots
into small pieces and then
drying
• Use as raw materials in
animal food industry or
cassava pellet industry
• Ethanol industry
Cassava chip
Cassava chip and cassava pellet industry

75. Cassava chip and cassava pellet used as fodder

76. Ethanol products

77. Alcohol products

78. • Textile industry
• Plywood industry
• Paper industry
• Industrial adhesives
• Food and Drink
• Materials decompose naturally
• Sweeteners industry
• Citric acid industry
• MSG industry
• Medicines
Divided into:
Cassava starch industry

79. • Used as a lubricant
between the movement
of the yarn looms outside
the procedures of this
fabric
• Flour to help make
printed regularly
Textile industry

80. Textile industry

81. • The flour used as an
ingredient in making plywood
glued, it have property to
make a thick, strong and
durable
• Starch mixed make glue is
cheap
Plywood industry

82. • The paper making requires a
surface with the glue of flour to
make smooth paper and also into
the pores of the fiber paper to
makes the paper does not absorb
ink when writing with ink or
printing
• Moreover, the glue of flour to
make sticky paper even more
Paper industry

83. • Because the flour when
heated or chemicals are
sticky and stable, so used in
industrial adhesives
Industrial adhesives

84. Glue products from cassava

85. • Because, the cassava flour
have a high carbohydrates,
when use to make the foods it
to help the thicker, stabilizer,
binder and filler
Food and Drink

86. • Plastic made from cassava flour​​
when filled with biodegradable
natural polymer. It can be used to
make materials to replace plastics
Materials decompose naturally

87. • Cassava starch were used to
make
- glucose
- fructose
- lactose
- salbital
- and instead of sucrose in
canned fruit, jams and more
Sweeteners industry

88. Sweeteners products from cassava flour

89. • Cassava starch were produced to
citric acid, which a raw material
used in the beverage industry,
including sparkling water, fruit
juices, energy drink and used in the
pharmaceutical industry
Citric acid industry

90. • Cassava starch is an
important raw material in
the production of MSG.
Which is commonly
consumed
Monosodium glutamate
MSG industry

91. • Cassava starch were used
as a diluent in drug
capsules and tablets
Medicines

92. Thank you all for listening
and attention

93. wongtiem_prapit@yahoo.co
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