2. Introduction of Freud
• Sigmund Freud was a Jewish Austrian
neurologist who founded the psychoanalytic
school of psychiatry.
• Freud is best known for his theories of the
unconscious mind
3. Levels of PersonalityLevels of Personality
Conscious - current awareness
Preconscious - not aware of material but it’s
retrievable
Unconscious - not aware of material but it’s not
retrievable
4.
5. Techniques for Revealing the Unconscious
Dream Analysis
Freud – “Interpretation of Dreams”- the royal road to
the unconscious
manifest content – what a person
remembers and consciously considers
latent content – the underlying hidden
meaning
Free Association (resistance)
Projective Techniques
6. The Structure of PersonalityThe Structure of Personality
ID EGO
SUPEREGO
7. The Structure of PersonalityThe Structure of Personality
The Id –Psychic Energy
Most primitive part of the mind; what we
are born with
Source of all drives and urges
Operates according to the pleasure principle
and primary process thinking
8. The Structure of PersonalityThe Structure of Personality
The Ego- Executive of Personality
The part of the mind that constrains the id to reality
Develops around 2-3 years of age
Operates according to the reality principle and
secondary process thinking
Mediates between id, superego, and environment
9. The Structure of PersonalityThe Structure of Personality
The Superego- Upholder of Values and Ideals
The part of the mind that internalizes the
values, morals, and ideals of society
Develops around age 5
Not bound by reality
10. Anxiety
• Feeling of fear without an obvious cause.
• Types of Anxiety:
Objective / Reality Anxiety ( fear of
tangible things)
Neurotic Anxiety ( involves conflict
between id and ego)
Moral Anxiety (involves conflict
between id and superego)
Defense mechanism used to reduce the
anxiety.
11. Mechanisms of DefenseMechanisms of Defense
Repression
Unconscious
Motivated
Forgetting
The process of preventing
unacceptable thoughts,
feelings, or urges from
reaching conscious awareness
16. Personality and PsychoanalysisPersonality and Psychoanalysis
The goal of psychoanalysis is to make the
unconscious conscious
Identify unconscious thoughts and feelings
Enable the person to deal with the unconscious
urges realistically and maturely
17. Freud’s Developmental Stages
• STAGE
Oral (0-18 months)
Anal (18-36 months)
• FOCUS
Pleasure centers on the
mouth-sucking,
chewing, biting. Id is
dominant
Toilet training ,contact
with rules of society.
Ego develop in this
stage
18. Freud’s Developmental Stages
(Cont.)
Phallic (3-6 years)
Latency (6 to puberty)
Genital (puberty on)
Develop relationship
with society. Superego
development.
Develop social and
intellectual skills
Individual become
well- balanced, mature
and caring.
19. Fixation
Freud says that a person can become stuck
or fixated at any stage and may not progress
beyond it, continuing to find pleasure in the
pleasure zone associated with that stage
i.e. – gum chews, pencil biters, smokers are
said to be fixated at the Oral Stage
develop pessimism and aggression toward
others.
fixation during anal stage can result in an
obsession with cleanliness, perfection, and
Editor's Notes
Free Association: Speaking whatever comes into your mind without censoring your thoughts. Psychoanalysts must be able to recognize the subtle signs that something important has just been mentioned.
Dream Analysis: Uncovering unconscious material in a dream by interpreting the content of a dream. Consists of manifest content (what the dream actually contains) and latent content (what the elements of the dream actually represent)
Projective Techniques: Uses the idea that what a person sees in an ambiguous figure reflects his or her personality.
Psychoanalytic theory concerns how people cope with their sexual and aggressive instincts within the constraints of a civilized society. One part of the mind creates urges, another has a sense of what civilized society expects, and another part of the mind tries to satisfy the urges within the bounds of reality and society. These parts of the mind are in constant interaction. They have different goals, provoking internal conflicts within an individual.
The pleasure principle is the desire for immediate gratification.
Primary process thinking is thinking without logical rules of conscious thought or an anchor in reality.
The ego recognizes under the reality principle that the urges of the id are often in conflict with social and physical reality.
The ego engages in secondary process thinking which refers to the development and devising of strategies for problem solving and obtaining satisfaction.
The superego determines what is right and what is wrong, and enforces this through the emotion of guilt. It sets the moral goals and ideals of perfection.
Repression was the forerunner of all other forms of defense mechanisms. Freud believed that people often tend to remember the pleasant circumstances surrounding some event , and that unpleasant memories are often repressed.
Repression was the forerunner of all other forms of defense mechanisms. Freud believed that people often tend to remember the pleasant circumstances surrounding some event , and that unpleasant memories are often repressed.
Freud believed that the presence of anxiety is evidence that repression is starting to fail, so other defense mechanisms may be brought into play.
Denial: insisting that things are not what they seem.
Displacement: a threatening impulse is channeled to a non-threatening target.
Rationalization: generating acceptable reasons for outcomes that might otherwise appear socially unacceptable.
Reaction Formation: in an attempt to stifle an unacceptable urge, displaying a flurry of behavior that indicates the opposite impulse.
Projection: seeing in others those traits and desires that we find most upsetting in ourselves.
Sublimation: channeling unacceptable sexual or aggressive instincts into socially desired activities.
Freud believed that the presence of anxiety is evidence that repression is starting to fail, so other defense mechanisms may be brought into play.
Denial: insisting that things are not what they seem.
Displacement: a threatening impulse is channeled to a non-threatening target.
Rationalization: generating acceptable reasons for outcomes that might otherwise appear socially unacceptable.
Reaction Formation: in an attempt to stifle an unacceptable urge, displaying a flurry of behavior that indicates the opposite impulse.
Projection: seeing in others those traits and desires that we find most upsetting in ourselves.
Sublimation: channeling unacceptable sexual or aggressive instincts into socially desired activities.
Freud believed that the presence of anxiety is evidence that repression is starting to fail, so other defense mechanisms may be brought into play.
Denial: insisting that things are not what they seem.
Displacement: a threatening impulse is channeled to a non-threatening target.
Rationalization: generating acceptable reasons for outcomes that might otherwise appear socially unacceptable.
Reaction Formation: in an attempt to stifle an unacceptable urge, displaying a flurry of behavior that indicates the opposite impulse.
Projection: seeing in others those traits and desires that we find most upsetting in ourselves.
Sublimation: channeling unacceptable sexual or aggressive instincts into socially desired activities.