Describes Canal system of Pakistan taken out from different major rivers of Pakistan. This presentation is detailed with every river of Pakistan

1. PAKISTAN CANAL
SYSTEM
Fahad Iqbal

2. IRRIGATION SYSTEM IN PAKISTAN
KEY FACTS
No. of major Reservoirs: 3
No. of Barrages: 16
No. of Headworks: 2
No. of Inter-link Canals: 12
No. of Canal Systems: 44
Length of Canals: 56,073 km

3. Pakistan Canal System
 Pakistan has one of the largest canal irrigation systems in the
world
 In Pakistan there are 12 inter link canals and 45 canals to meet
the commercial, domestic and irrigational needs of the country
 Consists of three main important types of canals:
• Perennial Canals
• Non-Perennial Canals
• Inundation Canals

4. Pakistan Canal System
• Perennial Canals
• Perennial canals ensure regular supply of water all the year round
• Non-Perennial Canals
• Non-perennial canals only run in Monsoon and summer. They get their
water from rains.
• Inundation Canals
• Rainy weather and season is the only time when these canals run

5. Consumption Pattern of Water

8. Ravi River Canals
 Ravi Canals supply water to Lahore areas, Gujranwala, Sahiwal etc
 Interconnected with Chenab river through different canals i.e Nandi Pur
Canal, Marala-Ravi Link Canal, Qadirabad-Balloki Link Canal, Lower
Chenab Canal, Upper Chenab Canal, Palkhu Canal
 These also include Lower and Upper Bari Doab, Baloki- Sulemanki Link
Canal, Sidhnai Canal, Bedian Canal
 These canals support the Kharif crops
 Meets River Chenab near Khaniwal

9. Sutlej River Canals
 Covers the area in both Pakistan and India
 Baloki-Suleimanki Link canal, Islam and Feroz Wala Head
works are of Sutlej River
 Punjnad also comes in this list
 Bahawalpur, Bahalnagar, Pakpattan and Nili-Bar area is
irrigated by these canals
 Joins River Chenab near Alipur

10. Disputes
 In 1948 after partition of Punjab, India cut off flow of canal
water to west Punjab
 Stopped water of river Ravi and Sutlej because India
wanted to damage Pakistan economically
 Forezepur and Madhopur head-works were given to India
and India cut-off supplies from Ferozepur on 1st April 1948
which stopped water in Sutlej river
 Pakistan also purchased water from India to avoid
economic disaster

11. Chenab River Canals
 One of the largest rivers of Pakistan.
 Sutlej, Jhelum and Ravi rivers also join Chenab at their end point.
 Lower Chenab Canal, Rasul - Qadirabad Link Canal, Qadirabad -
Baloki Link Canal are canals from Chenab.
 Marala weir is the starting flow point of Upper Chenab Canal,
whereas Khanki weir is the starting point of Lower Chenab Canal,
Haveli canals also fall in the Chenab River Canals.
 Also linked with Jehlum and Ravi through different canals.
 Supplies water to Gujarat, Chiniot, Jhang Sadar etc.
 Joins Jehlum river near Jhang Sadar.

12. Jhelum River Canal
 Originates from Mangla Dam Lake near Mirpur.
 Upper Jhelum Canal, Lower Jhelum Canal, Rasul - Qadirabad Link
Canal, Chashma Jehlum Link Canal.
 Upper Jhelum joins Upper Chenab near Khanki.
 Upper Jhelum canal, a large canal originates for Mangla area which
supplies water to Gujarat and then joins Chenab river.
 Lower Jhelum canal supplies water to Sialkot area and joins Chenab.
 Jhelum itself joins Chenab river near Jhang Sadar.

13. Indus River Canals
 Originates from Tibet region, runs through Ladak
region of Kashmir then Gilgat - Baltistan and then along
the entire length of Pakistan to join Arabian sea.
 It is Pakistan’s largest river with length of 3180 Km
 Barrages include , Taunsa , Sukkur and Chashma.
 Vast areas of KPK is irrigated by Indus River Canals.
 Dera Ghazi Khan and Dera Ismail Khan areas are also
irrigated by the canals coming out of different barrages.

14. Indus River Canals (cont…d)
 Ghazi Barotha Canal, large canal from Indus river originates near
Tarbela, supplies water to Kamra Base and falls back again into
Indus River.
 Chashma-Jhelum Link Canal, Chashma Right Bank Canal near
Chashma Barrage.
 Taunsa Panjnud Link Canal, D.G Khan Canal, Kachhi Canal near
Taunsa Barrage.
 Rohri Canal, Nara Canal, Dadu Canal, Rice Canal near Sukkur
Barrage supplies water to Larkana and Khairpur.
 Karachi Canal and Ghooni Canal near Hayderabad.

15. Indus River Treaty
 Water sharing treaty between Pakistan and India brokered by world
bank.
 The treaty was result of Pakistan’s fear that the source river of Indus
Basin were in India.
 Treaty was signed in Karachi on September 19, 1960 between Indian
president Nehru and Pakistani President Ayub Khan.
 The treaty gives India exclusive use of all the waters of Eastern rivers
including; Sutlej, Beas, and Ravi
 Pakistan has exclusive use of western rivers The Indus, Jhelum and
Chenab.
 In cases of disagreement a neutral expert is called in for mediation and
arbitration.

16. hanks