figure ground relationship

1. Figure-Ground

2. Figure: what stands out as an object
(subject)
in a visual field or frame.
May be thought of as the POSITIVE.
Ground: background or that which
surrounds
an object.
May be thought of as the NEGATIVE (negative
space).
Figure and ground can be interchangeable, depending on our focus and interest.

3. FIGURE
• A shape on a background.

4. GROUND
• A background on which marks, shapes, or
figures are placed.

5. Figure/ground reversal
When the figure and ground become
balanced or “stable,” an illusion is
created.

6. Figure-ground
reversal

13. Groupings and
Figure and Ground Phenomena
Gestalt Principles
Groupings and figure/ground phenomena

14. Figure and Ground
• The Gestalt principle of figure–ground relationship is exemplified
brilliantly in the work of the Dutch artist M. C. Escher (1898–1972), who
was a master at creating ambiguous figure–ground relationships.

15. On Grouping
• The Principles of grouping (or Gestalt laws of grouping) are a
set of principles in psychology, first proposed by Gestalt
psychologists to account for the observation that humans
naturally perceive objects as organized patterns and objects.
Gestalt psychologists argued that these principles exist
because the mind has an innate disposition to perceive
patterns in the stimulus based on certain rules.

16. On Grouping
• It is a psychological fact that things do not
always appear as they actually are, and that
perceptual illusions are real phenomena. The
basic problem of the psychology of
perception, then, is to explain why things
appear as they do.

17. • Continuity |This law holds that points that
are connected by straight or curving lines are
seen in a way that follows the smoothest
path. Rather than seeing separate lines and
angles, lines are seen as belonging together.
• Similarity | Suggests that things similar
things tend to appear grouped together.
Grouping can occur in both visual and
auditory stimuli.
• Proximity | According to the law of
proximity, things that are near each other
seem to be grouped together.
• Closure | Things are grouped together if
they seem to complete some entity. Our
brains often ignore contradictory
information and fill in gaps in information.
Gestalt Principles-
breaks down in four main points
• Continuity |This law holds that points that are connected by straight
or curving lines are seen in a way that follows the smoothest path.
Rather than seeing separate lines and angles, lines are seen as
belonging together.
• Similarity | Suggests that things similar things tend to appear
grouped together. Grouping can occur in both visual and auditory
stimuli.
• Proximity | According to the law of proximity, things that are near
each other seem to be grouped together.
• Closure | Things are grouped together if they seem to complete
some entity. Our brains often ignore contradictory
information and fill in gaps in information.

18. Gestalt-law of continuity

19. Gestalt-law of continuity

20. Gestalt-law of Similarity

21. Gestalt-law of Similarity

22. Gestalt-law of Similarity

23. Gestalt-law of Proximity

24. Gestalt-law of Proximity

25. Gestalt-law of Proximity

26. Gestalt-law of Closure

27. Gestalt-law of Closure

28. Gestalt-law of Closure

29. Patterns | Figure and Ground
Phenomenon
• Ambiguous Figures | A
picture of a subject which
the viewer may see as
either of two different
subjects or as the same
subject from either of two
different viewpoints
depending on his
interpretation of the total
configuration.

30. Patterns | Figure and Ground
Phenomenon
• Alternating Figures |
Ambiguous images
which serve in the
psychology of
perception to
demonstrate the way
the mind habitually
tries to achieve a
coherent Gestalt.
These are often seen
as optical illusions.

31. Patterns | Figure and Ground
Phenomenon
• Alternating Figure and
Ground |Patterns that
are achieved when the
parameters that
distinguish figure from
ground are of almost
equal prominence which
in effect produces a
duality of perception for
both figure and ground.

32. Patterns | Figure and Ground
Phenomenon
• Embedded Figures | Figures that are at first obscure because of
very little dissonance between figure and ground.

33. Patterns | Figure and Ground
Phenomenon
• Impossible Figures | A type of optical illusion consisting of a two-
dimensional figure which is instantly and subconsciously interpreted by
the visual system as representing a projection of a three-dimensional
object although it is not actually possible for such an object to exist (at
least not in the form interpreted by the visual system).

34. CREATING FOCAL POINT--VIDEO

35. FOCAL POINT_WHERE AND HOW?

36. FOCAL POINT_WHERE AND HOW?

37. FOCAL POINT_WHERE AND HOW?

38. FOCAL POINT_WHERE AND HOW?

39. FOCAL POINT_WHERE AND HOW?

40. STUDENT_EXAMPLES_P_003

41. STUDENT_EXAMPLES_P_003

42. STUDENT_EXAMPLES_P_003

43. STUDENT_EXAMPLES_P_003

44. STUDENT_EXAMPLES_P_003

45. STUDENT_EXAMPLES_P_003

46. STUDENT_EXAMPLES_P_003