The ''Best Presentation" award winning ppt is here. This power point presentation emphases on advancements in transformer design and manufacturing. The advancement is considered on following aspects, 1. Design modelling 2. Material used 3. Added features in manufacturing methodologies.

1. Presented By:
P.Dharani
Firasat Mulla
Sushma Pattanashetti
Jivita Kulkarni
Shantala Training and Research Centre, Hubli.

2. Contents
 Need for advancement in transformers
 Transformer manufacturing companies
 Transformer Main Parts
 History of transformers
 Aspects that can be considered as advancement in the transformer
 Modern Trends in Design, Modelling, and Analysis of the Core
 Transformer With ABB BIOTEMP Dielectric Insulating Fluid
 Advancement in conservator tank
 Self-dehydrating air breather (SDB)
 Dry Type Transformer
 Nitrogen Injection Fire Prevention and Extinguishing System for
Oil Filled Transformers

3. Need for advancement in
transformers:
 Essential component of substation.
 Higher voltages and currents, necessitating new higher
rated and more efficient power transformers.
 Loss reduction, costing, environmental and reliability
issues for power transformers.
 To reduce manufacturing and operating costs while
increasing reliability is the prime concern of
developers.

4. Transformer Manufacturing
companies
 ABB India Corporate Office
 Siemens India Corporate Office
 Alstom T&D India Corporate Office
 Transformers & Rectifiers India Ltd Corporate Office
 Kirloskar Electric Company Limited Corporate Office
 Gujarat Transformers Pvt. Ltd Corporate Office
 Urja Techniques (India) Pvt. Ltd Corporate Office
 Uttam Bharat Corporate Office
 Kotsons Pvt. Ltd Corporate Office
 Danish Private Limited Corporate Office

5. Transformer Main Parts
•Three limb core
•HV and LV winding
•Tapped winding
•Tap leads
•HV and LV Bushings
•Clamping frames
•On load tap changer
•Motor drive
•Tank
•Conservator
•Radiators

6. History of transformers:
In 1831,Faraday's first transformer: Two coils wound
on an iron toroid
The Next Fifty Years, 1832-1882
Henry's Coils:

7. Zipernowski-Deri transformer: One of the best of
the early ring-shaped transformer was presented
by Messrs Karoly Zipernowski and Miksa Deri in
1885.
First Transformers with closed
circuit: shows the core type
transformer developed by Gaulard
and Gibbs and used by Westinghouse
in 1885.

8. Aspects that can be considered as
advancement in the transformer:
 Design modelling
 Material used
 Added features
 Manufacturing methodologies

9. Modern Trends in Design,
Modelling, and Analysis of the Core
 The performance parameters of the core depend on
both its material and design.
 The design of the core-joints and corners has a
significant impact on its performance.
 An accurate prediction of nonlinear, hysteretic, and
dynamic core characteristics and their numerical
implementation is still a challenging task to the
researchers.

10. An Finite Element Method modelling of the core with its
nonlinear, hysteretic and dynamic characteristics is given:
Geometric FEM model Flux lines plot Dynamic hysteresis
loop at point P

11. Transformer core types:
Shell type and core type
Early core

12. Core Materials
 Early cores were made from bundles of soft-iron wire. The first
transformers manufactures in the 1880s had cores made from high
grade wrought iron.
 Hot rolled steels
 Cold rolled grain oriented steels (CRGO)
 High permeability grain oriented silicon sheet steels
 Laser irradiated super oriented steels
 Amorphous steels

13. Effects of Manufacturing Practices on the Core
Performance:
Handling cutting and slitting:
•Core materials are very sensitive to manufacturing processes such as
handling, cutting and slitting. They should be handled with care during
storing and processing; elastic and plastic stresses can be induced and the
losses will be higher.
•Stresses are induced adjacent to edges by slitting, shearing and stamping
operations .
Handling process Slitting process

14. Use of inner peripheral guard plate
The present case study shows the effect of handing process on
CRGO materials. The loss increases while the inner peripheral
guard plate is not used to keep coils of CRGO laminations.
Core coil handling (a) with inner guard plate (b) without
inner guard plate

15.  The losses measured using Single Sheet Tester (SST) in
two cases with and without inner peripheral guard plate
as shown in Figs. (a) and (b), respectively. The results are
given table-I for the two above mentioned cases for core
material (M5, 0.3mm).

16. Effect of Surface Insulation on No-
load Losses
The no-load test of two core materials with different surface insulation
resistance (SIR) values is performed. The core losses are higher in the case of
the core material with lower surface insulation resistance.
Core materials (a) with lower SIR value (8 ohm-cm2) (b)
with higher SIR value (60 ohm-cm2)

17.  The higher losses in case of lower surface insulation resistance can be
attributed to occurrence of short-circuit on its surface. The results have been
observed for a 400 kVA distribution transformer core. Two core materials with
lower and higher SIR values are shown in Figs. 5(a) and 5(b), respectively. The
results have been given in table II.

18. Transformer With ABB BIOTEMP
Dielectric Insulating Fluid.
Disadvantages of typically used mineral oil.
 Highly inflammable.
 environmental contaminant.
 poor moisture tolerance.

19. Characteristics of BIOTEMP
 BIOTEMP is made from high-oleic oils, such as sunflower, containing
more than 75 percent mono-unsaturated fatty acids.
 97% biodegradable within 21 days.
 BIOTEMP is an inhibited oil.
 BIOTEMP has been approved according to both ATM D2440 and ASTM
D3487 type II, which means it does not contain any PCBs.
 BIOTEMP is verified as a biodegradable.
 BIOTEMP exhibits excellent dielectric characteristics with high
temperature stability and flash and fire resistance of 330°C and 360°C,
respectively, compared with 145°C and 160°C for mineral oil.
 ‘less flammable’ and less hazardous.
 BIOTEMP is not affected by reactions with other materials
 High capacity of absorption.

21. Advancement in conservator tank
A conservator tank of transformer provides adequate space to this
expanded transformer oil. It also acts as a reservoir for transformer
insulating oil.
There are two types of conservator tank
• Atmoseal Type Conservator
• Diaphragm Sealed Conservator

22. 1. Atmoseal Type Conservator
In this type conservator of transformer, an air cell made of NBR
material is fitted inside the conservator reservoir. The silica gel
breather is connected at the top of this air cell.

23. 2. Diaphragm Sealed Conservator
Here diaphragm is used as a barrier between transformer oil and
atmospheric air

24. Self-dehydrating air breather (SDB)
 – No silica gel salt maintenance required
 – Continuous and safer control and monitoring of the
silica gel salt hydration as well as regeneration

25.  Main Benefits for End User are:
 Increase transformer reliability
 Continuous moisture absorption ensured by two
independant silicagel tanks working alternatively.
 Operational cost savings
 Automatic silicagel regeneration process drastically
reduce expensive maintenance activities
 Easy to install
 Suitable for new installation and retrofit case.
Compatible with with EN and DIN standards.

26. Dry Type Transformer
 Dry type transformer never uses any insulating
liquid where its winding with core be immerged.
Rather windings with core are kept within a sealed
tank that is pressurized with air.
 Type of Dry Type Transformer
The dry type transformer is of two types.
1. They areCast Resin Dry Type Transformer ( CRT)
2. Vacuum pressure Impregnated Transformer ( VPI)

27. Dry transformer

28. Advantages of Dry Type Transformer
 The main advantages of dry type transformer are given
below.Safety for people and property.
 Maintenance and pollution-free solution.
 Easy installation.
 Side clearance is less.
 Environmentally friendly.
 Excellent capacity to support overloads.
 Reduced cost on civil installation works and fire protection
systems.
 Excellent performance in case of seismic events.
 No fire hazard.
 Excellent resistance to short circuit currents.
 Long lasting due to low thermal and dielectric heating.
 Suited for damp and contaminated areas.

29. Disadvantages of Dry Type Transformer:
 But there are some disadvantages of dry type transformer. They are-Dry
type transformer is long lasting and with less chance of winding failure.
But once it fails whole set up is to changed, i.e. complete change of high
voltage and low voltage winding with limb.
 For same power and voltage rating, dry type transformer is costlier than
oil cooled transformer.
Application of Dry Type Transformer:
 Dry type transformer are widely used in-Chemical, oil and gas industry
 Environmentally sensitive areas (e.g. water protection areas)
 Fire-risk areas (e.g. forests)
 Inner-city substations
 Indoor and underground substations
 Renewable generation (e.g. off-shore wind turbines)

30. Nitrogen Injection Fire Prevention and Extinguishing
System for Oil Filled Transformers
 The “Nitrogen injection and drain method” is one of the best fire
prevention and extinguishing system for oil filled transformers for
indoor/outdoor use. This system is fully automatic and unattended,
Maintenance free and low cost compare to other systems.

31. Advantage of Nitrogen Injection & Drain Method of Fire Protection
 Low investment cost as compared to other conventional system.
 Very low post fire and no secondary damages.
 Minimum maintenance and running cost.
 No climatic effects.
 Suitable for indoor / outdoor installation.
 Minimum space requirement.
 Multi signals for activation, eliminates false alarms.
 Allows system testing on operational transformer not possible with
conventional fire system.
 No moisture absorbing in inside the transformer due to presence of
nitrogen.
 Great saving in cost, due to absence of moisture.
 Fully automatic, unattended and a fool proof system.
 It can be operated manually / automatically, local / remote control.
 No water reservoir or major civil work required.
 Prevents transformer explosion ensuring system remains functioning.
 Prevention of unplanned outages.
 Considerable savings.
 Improves overall power system reliability.

32. THANK YOU
ANY QUERIS?

33. Note:
This presentation was prize winning, best presentation at Shantala Training and
Research Centre, Hubli during one week training on ‘Transformer Testing’ in
2017.