This document provides definitions and examples for various vocabulary-building terms including one-word substitutions, synonyms, antonyms, idioms, and phrases. One-word substitutions replace phrases concisely. Synonyms are words with the same or similar meanings. Antonyms are words with opposite meanings. Idioms are phrases where the meaning is different than the literal definition. Phrases are combinations of words used like verbs that sometimes have idiomatic meanings. Examples are provided for each term type to enhance vocabulary.

1. Submitted To :
MR. PARVEEN
KUMAR
Submitted By:
VIKRANTI SAXENA (027)
ANKITA SRIVASTAVA (073)
ANVITA MISHRA (074)

2. 1. INTRODUCTION
2. ONE WORD SUBSTITUTION
3. SYNONYMS
4. ANTONYMS
5. IDIOMS
6. PHRASES

3. INTRODUCTION
Building One’s Vocabulary
Benefits :
o Enhances the ability to communicate effectively
o Causes better understanding
o Make us more informed and involved
o Strengthens the ability to grasp ideas
o Establishes thoughts more logically and incisively
o Boosts the powers of persuasion
o Makes effective first impressions

4. 1. One Word Substitution
o Replaces a phrase or a clause without creating
any ambiguity in their meaning
o Essential part of one’s vocabulary
o Hold importance in writing and speaking
precisely
o Makes the language
* more flowery
* more comprehendible
o Proves handy in business communication
involving limitation of time and space

5. Some examples :-
One who looks at the brighter side of things Optimist
One who loves mankind Philanthropist
One who is present everywhere Omnipresent
One who copies from other writers Plagiarist
One who cannot be corrected Incorrigible
One who believes in God Theist
Celebration of a hundredth year Centenary
A speech delivered without any prior
preparation Extempore
A thing no longer in use Obsolete
A letter, poem etc. whose author is unknown Anonymous

6. 2. Synonyms
o Words with the same or similar meaning of
another word.
o Also known as METONYM and
POECILONYM.
o Words that are synonyms are said to be
SYNONYMOUS.
o The state of being a synonym is called
SYNONYMY.
o Comes from the ancient Greek word syn
(“with”) and onoma (“name”).

7. o Can be any part of speech.
o Both words must be same part of speech.
Some examples :-
o Verb
* Buy and Purchase
o Adjective
* Big and Large
o Adverb
* Quickly and Speedily
o Prepositions
* On and Upon

8. 3. Antonyms
o Words having opposite meaning to other words.
o Refers to the word that is completely different from
another one.
o Also called as opposites.
o Comes from the ancient Greek word anti (“opposite”)
and onoma (“name”).

9. Categories of Antonyms :
 Graded antonyms : Words deal with the levels of the
meaning of the words.
E.g. – Fat and Skinny
Young and Old
 Complementary antonyms : Words have no middle
ground.
E.g. – Push and Pull
Pass and Fail
 Relational antonyms : Words exist in pair.
E.g. – Doctor and Patient
Above and Below

10. 4. What are Idioms ?
A phrase where the words together have a meaning that
is different from the dictionary definitions of the
individual words. It is figurative and not literal.
LITERAL – Used in formal spoken English implying
the dictionary meaning.
FIGURATIVE – An informal speech providing an
imagery. Their origination in different languages is
culture based.

11. Idioms
1. Cut corners
2. The last straw
3. A storm in a teacup
4. Throw caution to the wind
5. Sit on the fence
6. Miss the boat
7. Cost an arm and a leg
8. In the soup
9. To make a beeline for something
10. Feeling a bit under the weather
11. The gift of gab
12. Let the cat of the bag
13. For a rainy day
14. A different kettle of fish
15. A finger in every pie
16. To fly off the handle
17. Full of beans
18. A cock and bull story
19. Blood curdling
20. Throw in the towel
Meanings
Something done badly to save money
The last of a series of disappointments
A fuss about something insignificant
To take a risk
Not wanting to make a decision
Missing a chance
To be very expensive
In trouble
To go straight to it (kitchen for example)
Feeling ill
A talent for talking persuasively
Reveal a secret
For difficult situation
To be a different person
Involvement in every situation
To become very angry
Lively and cheerful
Unbelievable story
Horrifying
To give up something
List of Examples :

12. 5. What are Phrases ?
o A combination of words (expression) that is used like a
verb and consist of an verb and adverb or preposition.
o In many cases the meaning of phrase is self evident.
E.g. –
“go in” ; “run away with” ; “fall off”
o Sometimes phrasal verbs are idiomatic i.e. the literal
meaning is not applicable.
E.g. –
“to put up with” is to tolerate ;
“to butter up” is to flatter

13. Phrases are explained with some examples and their usage :-
o She knew she was wrong but she just wouldn’t back down (to abandon
your claim, demands, opinions);
If you back somebody up you giving them support;
Backing up data means having a copy of it somewhere else.
o To get carried off is to lose control of their emotions;
To carry off a prize is to win it.
o To do away with something is to abolish it;
To do up laces, buttons etc. is to fasten them;
To do up a room is to redecorate it.
o To draw back from something is to decide against it at the last moment;
If you are encouraging a person to talk then you are drawing them out;
When nights are drawing in it means they are getting shorter.

14. o To stand by someone is to support them in case of difficult situation; If someone
stands by while something bad is happening the are not taking any action;
To take a stand for a cause is to make your opinion clear about it;
To stand in for someone is to fill in their place when they are unavailable;
To stand out is to be noticeable.
o To take after someone is to resemble them;
To take down a building you demolish it;
To take someone in is to fool them or deceive them;
To take something over is to assume control;
To take to someone or something you become fond of them or it.
o To work off something unwanted is to get rid of them;
To work on someone is to try to influence them;
To work something out is to calculate it;
To work up an appetite is to create or stimulate it.
o Look down on is to despise someone;
Look forward to something is to anticipate the event;
Look up to someone is to respect them.

15. THANK YOU