4. 4
Measurement??!!??Measurement??!!??
Implying that it is to:
Assess your knowledge and understanding?
Grade your achievements?
Judge your writing skills?
Measure you against your peers?
Of course, but it isn’t the main reason
5. 5
DevelopmentDevelopment
Far more important is that you are given the
opportunity:
to explore what you think
to improve how you think
to practice communicating your thoughts
6. 6
DevelopmentDevelopment
Writing is a tool which can allow us to:
Organise our thoughts clearly
give ourselves room to examine
what we think
why we think it
whether we should continue to think it
11. 11
ProfessionalismProfessionalism
Anybody can make a gut decision
but
only someone who is practiced in
communicating and reasoned argument will be
able to justify how the more difficult decision
was made
12. 12
What is an expository essay? It …What is an expository essay? It …
…Gives facts.
…Explains.
…Gives steps in a process.
…Presents ideas in logical
order or correct sequence.
13. 13
What are the key words that show itWhat are the key words that show it
is an expository prompt?is an expository prompt?
1. Most people enjoy some type of music. Think
about your favorite type of music and explain
why you like that particular type of music.
2. Sometimes even the best drivers can get lost at
times. Explain how you would direct a lost
man to get back to the interstate highway from
your neighborhood.
Tell how to make a hamburger.
YOU WILL FIND THESE WORDS IN THE PROMPT
EXPLAIN or TELL HOW.
14. 14
What is a descriptive essay?What is a descriptive essay?
Sensory images are
used to describe what
the writer sees, hears,
smells, touches, and
tastes.
It paints a clear
description of people,
places, objects, or
events.
15. 15
What are the key words that show it is aWhat are the key words that show it is a
descriptive prompt?descriptive prompt?
1. Describe your bedroom. Imagine telling someone who
has never visited you.
2. There are many tourist spots to visit in the Philippines.
Describe your favorite place to take visitors. You may
want to tell what you will see, hear, smell and how you
feel when you are there.
3. Tell us what you see, hear, smell, taste, and feel on
Christmas morning.
YOU MUST DESCRIBE OR
TELL WHAT A PERSON CAN
SEE, HEAR, SMELL, TASTE OR FEEL.
16. 16
What is a persuasive essay?What is a persuasive essay?
You are asked to
prove something.
Give reasons why.
Present arguments
against your
reasons. Show them
to be false.
Take a stand
Ask or call for an
action.
17. 17
What are the key words that show it’s aWhat are the key words that show it’s a
persuasive prompt?persuasive prompt?
1. Persuade a close friend to donate blood as part of a
blood drive that your school is sponsoring for the Red
Cross.
2. Some of your kid brothers friends have taken up
smoking and want him to start too. Write a convincing
letter to your kid brother to not take up this habit.
3. Write a letter to the editor of the newspaper telling why
citizens in Birmingham should support a tax increase
benefiting the local public schools.
YOU WILL NOTICE THE
WORDS PERSUADE, CONVINCE
OR TELL WHY SOMEONE
SHOULD DO SOMETHING.
18. 18
What is a
narrative?
A narrative…
• Tells a story.
• Has chronological order
and sequence of
events.
• Has action.
• Has conflicts or
problems.
• Has dialogue.
• Has characters.
• Has a definite
beginning, middle and
end.
19. 19
What are the key words that showWhat are the key words that show
that these are narrative prompts?that these are narrative prompts?
You and your friend find a big box that is labeled
“Do Not Open.” Your friend wants to open the box.
Write a story about what happens next.
Tell about a time when you made a serious mistake.
Two little girls found a wallet on the sidewalk. Tell
what happened next.
NOTE THE WORDS: WRITE A STORY or
TELL ABOUT A TIME, or
TELL WHAT HAPPENED NEXT.
20. 20
Ready to write? First determine what typeReady to write? First determine what type
prompt you have. You should read yourprompt you have. You should read your
prompt at leastprompt at least “three”“three” times.times.
Expository--explain, tell how
Descriptive--describe
Persuasive---persuade or convince
Narrative-- tell about a time
when, tell a story
Use your scratch paper to brain storm and then
make an outline, or web, for a five paragraph essay.
21. 21
Think – Brainstorm-PACOThink – Brainstorm-PACO
P-What is your purpose?
A- Who is your audience?
C- Content --What are
your ideas for
details, facts, or reasons?
O- Organization --Think
how you want to
structure your paper.
Jot down these ideas.
NOWNOW START YOUR OUTLINE, OR WEB!
22. 22
e x a m p le s
e la b o r a t io n
e x p la n a t io n
K E Y I D E A
e x a m p le s
e la b o r a t io n
e x p la n a t io n
K E Y I D E A
D e s c r i p t i v e ( d e t a i l s )
P e r s u a s i v e ( r e a s o n s )
E x p o s i t o r y ( f a c t s / s t e p s )
C o n c lu s io n
S u m m a r i z e t h e p o i n t s
y o u m a d e i n t h e e s s a y
g o b a c k t o t h e i n t r o d u c t i o n
e x a m p le s
e la b o r a t io n
e x p la n a t io n
K E Y I D E A
e x a m p le s
e la b o r a t io n
e x p la n a t io n
K E Y I D E A
D e s c r i p t i v e ( d e t a i l s )
P e r s u a s i v e ( r e a s o n s )
E x p o s i t o r y ( f a c t s / s t e p s )
e x a m p le s
e la b o r a t io n
e x p la n a t io n
K E Y I D E A
e x a m p le s
e la b o r a t io n
e x p la n a t io n
K E Y I D E A
D e s c r i p t i v e ( d e t a i l s )
P e r s u a s i v e ( r e a s o n s )
E x p o s i t o r y ( f a c t s / s t e p s )
In t r o d u c e y o u r t o p ic
G i v e 3 d e t a i l s , r e a s o n s , f a c t s o r s t e p s i n a p r o c e s s
Y o u w i l l t a l k a b o u t i n y o u r p a p e r .
First Paragraph
Second Paragraph Third Fourth
Fifth Paragraph
23. 23
e x a m p l e s
e l a b o r a t i o n
e x p l a n a t i o n
K E Y I D E A
e x a m p l e s
e l a b o r a t i o n
e x p l a n a t i o n
K E Y I D E A
D ( d e t a i l s )
P ( r e a s o n s )
E ( f a c t s / s t e p s )
C o n c l u s i o n
S u m m a r i z e t h e p o i n t s
y o u m a d e i n t h e e s s a y
g o b a c k t o t h e i n t r o d u c t i o n
e x a m p le s
e la b o r a t i o n
e x p l a n a t io n
K E Y I D E A
e x a m p le s
e la b o r a t i o n
e x p l a n a t io n
K E Y I D E A
D ( d e t a i l s )
P ( r e a s o n s )
E ( f a c t s / s t e p s )
e x a m p l e s
e l a b o r a t i o n
e x p la n a t i o n
K E Y I D E A
e x a m p l e s
e l a b o r a t i o n
e x p la n a t i o n
K E Y I D E A
D ( d e t a i l s )
P ( r e a s o n s )
E ( f a c t s / s t e p s )
I n t r o d u c e y o u r t o p i c
G i v e 3 d e t a i l s , r e a s o n s , f a c t s o r s t e p s i n a p r o c e s s
Y o u w i l l t a l k a b o u t i n y o u r p a p e r .
FIRST PAPAGRAPH
24. 24
Let’s prepare to write an essay!Let’s prepare to write an essay!
Here’s the prompt.
There are many good and bad
things about being in the seventh
grade. Explain what these things
are.
What kind of prompt do we have?
Did you say expository? You’re right!
25. 25
Use your scratch paperUse your scratch paper
Jot down a few transitions.
What are transitions?
Words or phrases that connect ideas or
introduce the topic.
Such as one, if, although, however,
finally, in conclusion, first, second, next,
additionally,consequently
Make an outline or web. Develop a
1-3-1 plan. One Paragraph for intro-
Three paragraphs for the body –
One paragraph for the conclusion.
26. 26
AdditionallyAdditionally
OneOne
FirstFirst
SecondSecond
Next Another-Next Another-
ifif
Although FinallyAlthough Finally
In conclusionIn conclusion
IndeedIndeed
ConsequentlyConsequently
Stars areStars are
key ideas or controllingkey ideas or controlling
statements.statements.
ExplanationsExplanations
Examples,Examples,
Evidence are listed below.Evidence are listed below.
s p e n d in g t im e w it h fr ie n d s
c h o o s e f o o d
n o lin e
m o r e f r e e d o m
M s . T r u n c h b u ll
A n d M s . H o n e y
c h a n g in g c la s s e s
a n d t e a c h e r s
g o o d / f u n t h in g s
s it tin g in m a t h lo n g e r
m a k e s m e s ic k
s t r e s s - s to m a c h h u r t s
m o r e t e s t s a n d h a r d e r
c o m p a r e to s ta le f o o d
n o t lik e e le m e n ta r y s c h o o l
S a t t e s t
b a d t h in g s
n o t g e t to s it w it h fr ie n d s
p u ll u p g r a d e s
t o o m u c h
H O M E W O R K
F u n t o p la y & c o m p e t e
c lo t h e s s w e a t
P E
m ig h t b e b o r in g
m is s s c h o o l
f ie ld tr ip s
t h in g s t h a t a r e g o o d
a n d b a d
W h a t 's G o o d & B a d A b o u t 7 t h g r
P r o v id e a h o o k - A s k a q u e s t io n
t a lk a b o u t t h e g o o d , b a d a n d t h in g s b o t h g o o d a n d b a d
Conclusion: Sum up what you’ve said. Refer back to your introduction.
27. 27
This is an important step!This is an important step!
Don’t try to write your paperDon’t try to write your paper
without doing an outline first.without doing an outline first.
Why?!Why?!
•YouYou will be graded onwill be graded on organizationorganization.
28. 28
Introductions for expository,Introductions for expository,
descriptive and persuasivedescriptive and persuasive
essays should….essays should….
Grab the reader’s attention.
Or -- Let the reader know what you’re going to talk about.
Or--Show a plan for what you’re going to be talking
about in the three body paragraphs.
Or --State what the audience will learn in this
essay.
29. 29
Sample IntroductionSample Introduction
Although I have taken many wonderful
vacations, my trip with my two best friends to
New York City is one I’ll always remember.
This was a fantastic trip because of the sights
we saw, the people we met, the plays we
enjoyed, and the laughs we shared.
What’s the plan?
What’s the topic? Each part of the plan
will be developed into
paragraphs.
30. 30
After you make your web or outline,After you make your web or outline,
start writing your introduction.start writing your introduction.
Leave space at the top for two moreLeave space at the top for two more
lines.lines. ( It won’t count against you.)( It won’t count against you.)YouYou
might come back later to insert a littlemight come back later to insert a little
background information in thebackground information in the
introduction. Remember to grabintroduction. Remember to grab
interest and show the plan of yourinterest and show the plan of your
paper in the introduction.paper in the introduction.
31. 31
IntroductionIntroduction
Have you ever thought about what are the
good and the bad things in seventh grade? There
are good things like changing classes and more
freedom. Some of the bad things are you have to
stay in school longer, you have SAT tests, and
tests get harder. Stay with me as I explain the good
and bad things about being in the seventh grade.
How does the writer grab your attention?
32. 32
Let’s start on the body. Go backLet’s start on the body. Go back
to your web or outline for theto your web or outline for the
second paragraph.second paragraph.
Good Fun Things
-Changing classes and teachers
-Ms. Trunchbull & Ms. Honey
More Freedom
- no line
-See friends at lunch
33. 33
First I will tell you about the good and fun things aboutFirst I will tell you about the good and fun things about
being in the seventh grade.You get to change classes so ifbeing in the seventh grade.You get to change classes so if
one teacher is like Mrs. Trunchbull in Matilda, you are onlyone teacher is like Mrs. Trunchbull in Matilda, you are only
with her for part of the day. If your teacher is like Ms.with her for part of the day. If your teacher is like Ms.
Honey you will enjoy a fabulous time with her. AnotherHoney you will enjoy a fabulous time with her. Another
thing I enjoy is more freedom. We don’t have to walk inthing I enjoy is more freedom. We don’t have to walk in
straight lines as if we were soldiers marching off to war.straight lines as if we were soldiers marching off to war.
Next, you can get your own food instead of having theNext, you can get your own food instead of having the
lunch ladies get it for you. I like spending time with mylunch ladies get it for you. I like spending time with my
friends so if there are not in one of my classes, I can seefriends so if there are not in one of my classes, I can see
them at lunch.them at lunch.
Transition words help!
Does he explain, give examples, use metaphors?
34. 34
Look back at your outline forLook back at your outline for
the third paragraphthe third paragraph
Bad things
SAT Test
-not like elementary school
-compare to stale bread
more test and harder
-stress stomach hurts
-math makes me sick
35. 35
Next I’m writing about the bad things you go through inNext I’m writing about the bad things you go through in
seventh grade. First of all you have to take the SAT test.seventh grade. First of all you have to take the SAT test.
In elementary school you didn’t have to worry about thisIn elementary school you didn’t have to worry about this
kind of thing. The SAT test is like eating stale foodkind of thing. The SAT test is like eating stale food
because it can hurt you and it can be boring. The testsbecause it can hurt you and it can be boring. The tests
get harder as you go on. We have so many of them theyget harder as you go on. We have so many of them they
can cause a major stress and make you feel like yourcan cause a major stress and make you feel like your
stomach was just pulled out. At my elementary school westomach was just pulled out. At my elementary school we
got out fifteen minutes earlier. Sitting in math class forgot out fifteen minutes earlier. Sitting in math class for
that extra minutes makes me feel terrible inside.that extra minutes makes me feel terrible inside.
Did you find the transitions? What are the
key ideas? How does he explain his key
ideas? What is the metaphor?
36. 36
Look back to your outline beforeLook back to your outline before
writing the fourth paragraphwriting the fourth paragraph
things that are both good & bad
Field Trips
-miss school
-might be boring
PE
-clothes sweat
-fun to play and compete
Homework
-too much
-pull up grades
37. 37
Finally my next category is going to be things thatFinally my next category is going to be things that
come good and bad. First field trips are extremely funcome good and bad. First field trips are extremely fun
because you can talk and miss school. However it’s bad ifbecause you can talk and miss school. However it’s bad if
you go somewhere boring or can’t sit with your friend.you go somewhere boring or can’t sit with your friend.
Everybody loves P.E. because we play real sports withEverybody loves P.E. because we play real sports with
competitiveness. But sadly when we’re leaving PE, mycompetitiveness. But sadly when we’re leaving PE, my
clothes get sweaty which doesn’t feel good. Everybodyclothes get sweaty which doesn’t feel good. Everybody
knows the pluses and minuses of Homework! We have soknows the pluses and minuses of Homework! We have so
much homework it just takes the energy out of you, whichmuch homework it just takes the energy out of you, which
is bad. What is good about it is that the more homeworkis bad. What is good about it is that the more homework
you have, the better chance you have to pull up youryou have, the better chance you have to pull up your
grade.grade.
Did you find the transitions? What are the key ideas?
How does he explain his key ideas?
38. 38
Now we are ready for the fifthNow we are ready for the fifth
paragraph – the conclusion which willparagraph – the conclusion which will
summarize our main points or keysummarize our main points or key
ideas in the body.ideas in the body.
Good and bad things
freedom
changing classes
SAT test
going to school longer
tests
Good and Bad
Homework
PE
Fieldtrips
39. 39
In conclusion the seventh grade has good and bad thingsIn conclusion the seventh grade has good and bad things
involved. Such as more freedom, and changing classes.involved. Such as more freedom, and changing classes.
Some other things are SAT test, going to school longer, andSome other things are SAT test, going to school longer, and
quizzes and tests. Homework, P.E., and field trips fall intoquizzes and tests. Homework, P.E., and field trips fall into
both of those categories.both of those categories.
What are your transitions? Does the writer
sum up what he written? Does he refer back
to the introduction.
This paragraph was from an actual essay
written by a student for the state writing
assessment. His organization gave him a four.
40. 40
Whoops! What did we forget?Whoops! What did we forget?
Did you think title? You are right!
How about – “The Good and Bad Things About
Seventh Grade”
Nah… Boring. Interesting titles have an action word.
How about- “Good and Bad Things Happen in
Seventh Grade” …better
How about “Seventh Grade, Good or Bad- You Be the
Judge”
41. 41
Remember we said to leave a littleRemember we said to leave a little
space at the top. Let’s look at aspace at the top. Let’s look at a
classmate’s essay and see whyclassmate’s essay and see why……
In the near future I would like to become a forensic
scientist and help solve crimes. The steps I would have to
take to achieve my goals are finishing school, practice the
procedure of my major, and be successful in everything I do.
What My Near Future Would Be Like
After rereading she came back to add a little background
information. This is an important step Reread to
IMPROVE.
I’ve always found the solving of crimes by DNA evidence
to be interesting. A forensic scientist is doctor who examines
data.
42. 42
Now Let’s Look At NarrativeNow Let’s Look At Narrative
Tell about a time
Write a story
Chronological
sequence of events
Dialogue
Action
Problems, conflicts
Beginning, Middle,
EndDo you think there is a
love story here?
43. 43
Use thisUse this
type oftype of
web forweb for
aa
NarrativeNarrative
S T O R Y T I T L E
E v e n t
E v e n t
E N D I N G
E v e n t
E v e n t
I n t r o d u c t io n
CLIMAX
44. 44
Some typical story transitionSome typical story transition
wordswords
One day
Suddenly
During
Until
Yesterday
Meanwhile
Afterwards
While
Typically transitions
are about time. After,
before, since, later
45. 45
How to get your story rollingHow to get your story rolling
Begin by
describing a
character.
LaDarius Smith,
a star on our
school
basketball team,
is very lucky.
46. 46
Get the story rolling withGet the story rolling with
dialoguedialogue
“What’s that smell?”
the seventh graders
complained.
“Finish your
experiment and we’ll
head outside to get
away from it,” said
their teacher.What punctuation goes
with the words said? Did you say quotation
marks? You’re right!
47. 47
Get the story rollingGet the story rolling
Provide a “where” with
prepositional phrases:
Near the park
Below the surface of
the water
In Chicago
Throughout the
crowded room
Inside the lunchroom
48. 48
Here’s an excellent beginning by one ofHere’s an excellent beginning by one of
your classmates at Arrington.your classmates at Arrington.
It was an early Tuesday
morning in Tokyo Japan.
The sun started to rise
over Juan Lee’s house.
Boom! Juan Lee and his
friend Jen went to see
what was with all of the
commotion. Then the
door came crashing
down. It turned out that
Juan’s Aunt Lee kicked
the door down.
How does he start his
story? How does he grab
interest?
49. 49
Can you tell which passage isCan you tell which passage is
narrative and which is expository?narrative and which is expository?
Marty and I jumped to our
feet. “Ohhhh.” I heard
Marty let out a frightened
moan.
I started to back away. I
thought maybe I could
scramble out the other side
of the car.
But the snarling, growling
monsters came at us from
both sides. “L-leave us
alone.” I stammered.
A monster covered in
tangled brown fur opened
After Christopher
Columbus’s voyages to the
New World, many Spaniards
came to this continent to
explore. One Spanish
explorer was Ponce De
Leon. He traveled through
present-day Florida to find
the Fountain of Youth. A
second explorer, Coronado
searched for the Seven
Cities of Gold. He and his
men traveled
Expository
Narrative
50. 50
Put it all together and write!Put it all together and write!
Does this give you an overall review of
what we’ve studied for writing?
There are many things that fit together to
help us become excellent writers.
Text
Te
xt
Text
TextText
Text
Te
xt
TextText
51. 51
SummarySummary
Identify your prompt
Plan your work with an outline.
Give your work a title with an action word.
Grab interest in the beginning
Build your paragraph with explanations,
examples, & evidence following the topic
statement or key statement.
Use strong action words
Use vivid adjectives
Use metaphors
Finished? Reread & reread to improve and
clarify.
52. 52
CreditsCredits
Created by Chris Browning for Arrington Middle
School, Birmingham City Schools
Maureen Autum Step Up to Writing Program
Birmingham City Schools workshops presenters
Jerrie Foster, Gail Brown, Theresa Thomas,
Jacquelyn Washington, Janet McMiller
State of Alabama workshop presentations Rhonda
Silmon –Teaching clear thinking before writing.
Lecture Demonstration with Rick Shelton & Write
Where You Are!
