1. Basic concept and terminology of information technology 2. WHAT IS INFORMATION SYSTEM? 3. Evolution of computing technologies 4. What is Information Technology? 5. Emerging technologies in computing 6. Various Measures to secure data 7. ICT to solve problem 8. Importance of a Life-Long Learning to IT Professional 9. Impact of IT on Job Skills and Careers 10. Roles of Various Personnel in Computer Related Profession

1. FP105
COMPUTING ESSENTIALS
CLO1
discuss actively the basic concepts, trends,
issues and challenges related to current
information technology. (C3)

3. 1.1 Basic concept and terminology
of information technology
• Five parts of an information system
• Define information technology
• Evolution of computing technology
• Emerging technologies in computing
• Various measures to secure data
• Applications of ICT
• Importance of a life-long learning and
continual professional dev. To an IT
professional

4. WHAT IS INFORMATION
SYSTEM?
• An information system (IS) can be
defined as a collection of
procedures, hardware, software,
people and data, organized to
generate information to support an
organization’s objectives.

5. Five parts of an information system:
1. Hardware :
• refers to all the system’s physical
equipment that processes the
data to create information.
2. Software:
is a program that contains the step-
by-step instructions that tell the
computer how to do its work.

6. 3. People
– People used information systems in
order to increase productivity.
4. Procedures
Are rules or guidelines for people to
follow when using software, hardware
and data
5. Data
- data consists of raw unprocessed
facts, including text, numbers, images
and sounds.

7. Evolution of computing
technologies
• First generation (1950s)
• The Second Generation
Early1960s
• The Third Generation
(Mid 1960s to Mid 1970s)
• The Fourth Generation (1975-1991)
• Fifth Generation

8. First generation (1950s)
The first generation of computers used vacuum tubes as suis.
Vacuum tubes failed frequently so first generation computers
did not work most of the time.
• Example :
– ENIAC (Electronic Integrator & Calculator) vacuum tubes.
• First electronic digital computer.
• Area : 140 meter square, Power : 130 kWatt, 18000
unit vacuum tube, Capability : 5000 addition, 300 times
per sec.
– UNIVAC 1 (Universal Automation Calculator).
• Used for business data processing
• Used mercury to data storage.

10. The Second Generation
Early1960s
• The second generation computer used transistor and
diode to replace vacuum tube.
• Magnetic core is used to data storage purpose.
• The capacity of processing and memory size also
increased.
• Programming language is used like FOTRAN and
COBOL.
• Example :
– DEC PDP-8 is a first mini-computer produced in
1964 then followed by IBM (International Business
Machine) mini-computer, 7090 and 7094.

12. The Third Generation
(Mid 1960s to Mid 1970s)
• Transistors have been scaled down to
microscopic size or also known as chip
• IBM monopolizing the computer
manufacturing industry .
• The famous brand of computer at third
generation such as Apple II, IBM PC, NEC PC
and Sinclair .
- Used programming language like BASIC,
PASCAL, C , and etc.
- The operating systems allowed the machines
to run many different applications.

14. The Fourth Generation (1975-1991)
• employed very-large-scale integration (VLSI)
• developed Intel 4004, first microprocessor
• Apple Computer founded
• IBM introduced the Personal Computer (PC)
• IBM compatibles or clones introduced
• Macintosh was the first commercial personal computer
to offer a user interface
• Microsoft’s Windows 98 is a popular GUI designed for
IBM-compatible microcomputers

16. Fifth Generation
• Current trends now are to exploit the
advantages of computer systems which can
contain literally thousands of computers.
• This means that thousands of computations
can be taking place at the same time.
• This type of large scale processing of
information makes it possible to explore very
different kinds of processing that could be
done earlier.

17. What is Information Technology
• I.T." It refers to anything related to computing
technology, such as networking, hardware,
software, the Internet, or the people that
work with these technologies.
• Many companies now have IT departments
for managing the computers, networks, and
other technical areas of their business

18. • New technologies follow a cycle that includes
invention, prototyping, proof of concept,
productizing, and manufacture. Throughout
this process, the inventions are called
emerging technologies.
Emerging technologies in
computing

19. • Example
– Agriculture
– Biotech and healthcare
– Computing and communication
– Display technology
– Electronic
– Transportation
Emerging Technologies in
Computing

20. • Password
• Encryption
• Physical access restrictions
• Software access restrictions
• Backup and recovery
• Fireproof cabinet
• Archiving
• Virus protection
• Data corruption
Various Measures to
secure data

21. • ICT is used as a general term for all kinds of technologies
which enable users to create, access and manipulate
information
• Businesses need to meet the demands of their
employees and customers to allow for greater access to
systems and information
• This unified platform reduces costs and boosts
productivity across a business and beyond.
• Benefits to users in collaboration, messaging,
calendaring, instant messaging, audio, video, and Web
conferencing
ICT to solve problem

22. • ICT in Society -tools are emails, instant messaging
(IM), Chat rooms and social networking websites,
such as Facebook and Twitter, Skype, iPhones,
cellular phones and similar applications
• ICT in Education-extends beyond equipping
classrooms with computers and an Internet
connection
ICT to solve problem

23. • Continuous building of skills and knowledge
throughout the life of an individual
• It occurs through experiences encountered in the
course of a lifetime.
• Benefits of lifelong learning as such
– Keep the IT professionals current on the recent and
emerging technologies
– Help to provide new strategies for solving problem
– To keep IT professional up to date on new networking
initiatives and tool
Importance of a Life-Long
Learning to IT
Professional

24. • Computers might increase job skill requirements and earnings
inequality.
• Computers can increase the skill demands within occupations
in several ways:
- Learning to operate the equipment and software may
require scarce skills.
-Because a computerized workplace involves the
manipulation of symbols and information, employers may
demand more conceptual, abstract reasoning, and problem-
solving skills of their workers.
• Computerization within an organization may increase skill
requirements and wages even for jobs that do not involve
directly working with computers.
Impact of IT on Job Skills
and Careers

25. • Computers can also increase the demand for skill and relative
wages by altering the distribution of workers between
occupations.
• not only the IT professionals who manage the technology, but
also accountants and production planners who analyze the
information it generates—or by automating less-skilled jobs
out of existence, such as data entry clerks.
Impact of IT on Job Skills
and Careers

26. • System Analyst and DesignersSystem Analyst and Designers - The role of system analysts
and designers is critical in contemporary system
development. The systems analyst is a key partner with
project managers and system developers
• Database AdministratorDatabase Administrator -design, implement, maintain and
repair an organization's database
• Network AdministratorNetwork Administrator -provide operational support for and
management of computer networks to ensure they run
efficiently
• Computer ProgrammerComputer Programmer -write, test, and maintain the
programs that computers follow when performing specific
functions
Roles of Various Personnel in
Computer Related Profession