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WEARABLE ELECTRONICS IN 
HEALTH CARE APPLICATIONS 
AMBRE, ARNAUD, HARSHA, MAHEN, SHAHROKH
AGENDA 
I. Introduction 
II. Data Collection 
III. Data Processing 
IV. Data Display 
V. Impact on Healthcare 
VI. Is success of wearables possible ? 
VII. Conclusion
I. INTRODUCTION 
Wearables are small electronic devices, often consisting of one or more 
sensors and having computational capability. They play an important 
role in healthcare monitoring, analyzing and even healing.
WEARABLE ELECTRONICS BY SECTOR
FOCUSING ON HEALTH CARE
WEARABLE ELECTRONICS BY USE 
Wearable Electronic Devices 
Hand Worn 
Smart Watch 
Wrist Wear 
Finger Wear 
Head Worn 
Smart Glasses 
HMD / HUD 
Body Worn 
Smart Textile 
Wearable Patches 
Foot and Arm 
Wear 
Apple 
Samsung 
Jawbone 
Google 
Optinvent 
OMsignal 
Intel
§ Fitness and health tracker 
§ IntelligentM Bracelet (how well you wash your hand) 
§ Wearable computers 
§ Amon 
§ Watch 
§ Pebble Smartwatch 
§ Martian Notifier Smartwatch 
§ Apple watch 
§ Samsung gear 
§ Wristband 
§ MIT Wristband 
§ The Tactilu Bracelet 
HAND WORN 
Wristband 
Watch 
Wearable 
computer 
Hand Worn
§ Smart glasses 
§ Google Glasses 
§ Vuzix 
§ Optinvent ORA 
§ Buhel 
§ Medical headsets (EEG) 
§ Breathing masks 
§ Brain-sensing headband (Muse-InteraXon) 
§ Communication helmets 
§ O.R.B 
HEAD WORN
BODY WORN 
§ Smart textile 
§ Smart T-Shirt with integrated sensors (fitness trackers) 
§ Smart armband (Myo) 
§ Safety baby worn blanket (Philips) 
§ Foot and Arm wear 
§ RunScribe 
§ Wearable Patches 
§ E-skin
COMPONENTS OF WEARABLES 
Sensors Inertial 
sensors Biosensors 
Other sensors 
(Haptics…) 
Connectivity Bluetooth WiFi GPS 
Battery Conventional Flexible 
battery 
Energy 
harvesting 
module 
Interfaces Speech 
recognition 
Haptics / 
Touch 
recognition 
Gesture 
recognition 
Non-invasive 
Interfaces 
Materials / 
Algorithms 
Electronic 
textiles and 
joints 
Flexible 
displays 
Accurate 
interpretation 
of measured 
data
RATES OF IMPROVEMENT 
Next generation of Wearable devices 
Batteries are the bottleneck 
Change in the architecture and power usage of ICs to make them more efficient 
Source: http://www.newelectronics.co.uk/electronics-blogs/powering-wearables-and-giving-batteries-a-better-life/64664/
DATA COLLECTING 
Inertial Sensors 
ü To monitor body movements 
Bio-Sensors 
ü To monitor heart rate 
ü Cholesterol 
ü Sweat 
Haptics 
ü To enhance touch experience
INERTIAL SENSORS 
TO TRACK BODY MOVEMENT 
Accelerometers and gyros 
ü Continuous real-time 
data recording 
ü Accurate 
ü Body angles 
ü Angular acceleration
INERTIAL SENSORS 
TO TRACK BODY MOVEMENT 
Integrated Motion tracking 
Remote patient 
monitoring 
Patient’s 
motion 
data 
Doctors 
and 
Physician 
InvenSense’s Motion Tracking device 
² 6 axis 
(3-axis accelerometer) 
+ 
(3-axis gyroscope) 
² 9 axis 
(additional 3-axis ecompass) 
Source: http://www.invensense.com/mems/wearablesensors.html
INERTIAL SENSORS 
TO TRACK BODY MOVEMENT 
Nike FuelBand FitBits 
Basis Jawbone
OPTICAL SENSORS 
TO MONITOR HEART RATE 
ü Acceptable accuracy for over than 15 min use 
ü Commonly used in wrist bands 
Wearble Sensors, ISBN: 978-0-12-418662-0 
good 
accuracy
BIO-SENSORS 
TO MEASURE CHOLESTEROL 
Electrochemical 
ü Electrochemical are considered 
to be the most important 
cholesterol biosensor 
ü Based on enzymatic catalysis of 
a reaction 
ü Low response time 
ü High sensitivity 
ü Low cost and low power required 
Optical 
ü Employs an optical fiber as a 
platform for the biological 
recognition element 
ü Involves diffusion of analytes 
ü Higher response time 
ü Good sensitivity 
ü High cost and high power required
PERFORMANCE OF 
ELECTROCHEMICAL VS OPTICAL 
Electrochemical sensors seem to dominate pertaining the performance 
Source: http://www.slideshare.net/Funk98/cholesterol-bio-sensors-getter-better-fast
NON-INVASIVE ASSISTIVE INTERFACES 
ü Brain computer interface vs. Tongue control 
interface 
ü Tongue computer interface might be better ? 
Mean responsibility of correct choices 
Information transfer rate (bits per min) 
Source: Wearable Sensors, ISBN: 978-0-12-418662-0 
Table: Comparison between the Tongue Drive System and 
other BCIs/TCIs* 
Type Number of 
Commands 
Response Time 
(s) 
IRT (Bits/min) 
EEG-BCI 2 - 4 3 - 4 25 
TTK-TCI* 9 3,5 40 
TCI*-1 5 2,4 58 
TCI*-2 6 1 95 
* TCI Tongue Computer Interface
SWEAT SENSOR 
ü Used in wearable textiles 
ü Considerable 
improvements required 
Graph: Textile humidity sensor (upper left) and its calibration 
curve compared to a commercial humidity sensor 
Source: Wearable Sensors, ISBN: 978-0-12-418662-0
HAPTICS 
TO ENHANCE TOUCH EXPERIENCE 
ü Enables virtual reality 
ü Weight illusions based on fingertip deformation 
ü Sensorimotor enhancer improves tactile sensitivity in human fingertips 
Source: Wearable Sensors, ISBN: 978-0-12-418662-0 
Graph: Desired and measured eccentricity
DATA PROCESSING 
CPUs and Processors Algorithms 
Data 
Processing
DATA PROCESSING 
Internal Processing 
ü Data is processed within the wearable 
ü Higher battery consumption 
ü Efficient algorithms required 
External Processing 
ü Data sent to another device or cloud 
ü Data processing on another device 
ü Could use higher computational capabilities
PROCESSOR UNITS 
Apple processor unit for healthcare and fitness data processing: 
ü Embedded accelerometer, gyroscope and compass 
ü Online process of motion data 
ü Analysis of motion-related healthcare problems 
ü Tested in IPhone 5 and will be used in Apple watch
PROCESSOR TRENDS 
ü Performance 
ü Power consumption 
ü flexibility 
Past trend Future trend 
Source: “Wearable biosensing: signal processing and communication architectures issues” P. Cleka, R. Vetter, J. Telecom. Info. Tech, 2005
FIRST GEN OF WEARABLE PROCESSOR 
Ineda systems 
Hierarchical CPU 
ü Devised for wearable 
electronics 
ü Nano: always on 
ü Low power consumption 
ü Support more 
sophisticated display 
and input requirements
ALGORITHMS 
Noise reduction ! 
Source: “Wearable biosensing: signal processing and communication architectures issues” P. Cleka, R. Vetter, J. Telecom. Info. Tech, 2005
ALGORITHMS FOR SPEECH RECOGNITION 
ü Reasonable accuracy 
ü Better algorithms are being developed 
Wearble Sensors, ISBN: 978-0-12-418662-0
ALGORITHMS FOR GESTURE RECOGNITION 
ü Good precision for higher samples 
ü Well established algorithms are currently available 
Source: Wearable Sensors, ISBN: 978-0-12-418662-0
ALGORITHMS FOR EEG AND ECG 
Algorithms for EEG and ECG 
ü High sensitivity 
ü Accurate 
ü Power performance 
ü Detection rate 
Source: Wearable Sensors, ISBN: 978-0-12-418662-0
CONNECTIVITY 
Bluetooth v4.0 includes Bluetooth low energy marketed as “Bluetooth smart” 
80 
70 
60 
50 
40 
30 
20 
10 
0 
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 
% with Bluetooth low power chips 
all wireless sports and fitness monitoring devices 
(according to IMS research) 
>70% 
Source: http://www.nordicsemi.com/eng/News/ULP-Wireless-Update/Health-improvements-by-the-numbers
INTERNAL VS. EXTERNAL PROCESSING 
Internal 
ü Devices with low 
computational requirements 
ü High performance to size ratio 
of processors 
ü Connectivity is poor 
ü Processing is essential to display 
results 
Ex: Smart Watch 
External 
ü Devices with higher 
computational requirements 
ü Existing processor capabilities 
are enough 
ü Connectivity is not a 
bottleneck 
ü Internal processing is not 
essential 
Ex: EEG devices 
HYBRID devices ?
DATA DISPLAY 
Internal Display 
ü Data displayed in the device or projected 
somewhere 
ü Flexible display and electronics desired 
ü Larger wearables 
External Display 
ü Data displayed in another device (E.g. Phones, 
tabs) 
ü Existing display devices are sufficient 
ü Smaller wearables
FLEXIBLE DISPLAYS 
ü Better materials need to be discovered 
ü Low stiffness, low thickness, better resolution are desired 
ü Production costs are falling 
http://www.displaysearch.com/cps/rde/xchg/displaysearch/hs.xsl/140716_amoled_mobile_phone_panel_costs_expected_to_fall_below_lcd.asp
FLEXIBLE ELECTRONICS 
ü Flexible electronics would be very important 
ü Strain vs. performance of transistor is an indicator 
Wearble Sensors, ISBN: 978-0-12-418662-0
INTERNAL VS. EXTERNAL DISPLAY 
Internal Display 
ü Devices with minimum 
information to be displayed 
ü Devices that can project data 
ü Connectivity is poor 
ü Larger size is desirable 
ü Improvements in flexible, thin 
display systems 
ü Improvements in flexible 
electronics also necessary 
Ex: Wrist Bands 
External Display 
ü Devices that need detailed 
analysis of data 
ü Connectivity is good 
ü Existing display systems are 
sufficient 
ü Smaller size is desirable 
Ex: Medical Devices 
Hybrid systems likely to be used mostly!
IMPACT ON HEALTHCARE 
q Fitness tracking and improvement 
q Management of hospital organization 
q Personal drug dosage tracking 
q Tele-medicine 
q Rehabilitation 
q Healthcare Big Data
FITNESS TRACKING AND IMPROVEMENT 
Hand-worn 
and body-worn 
• Jawbone, Apple watch, 
Polo Tech Shirt 
Tracking 
• Personal physiological and 
biological parameters, activity 
and performance 
Data 
collected 
• Heart rate, stress, obesity, 
sleep, calories, 02 saturation, 
blood pressure 
Virtual 
coaching • Apps
RUNSCRIBE 
A small 9-axis sensor 
Uploaded via Bluetooth to your 
devices 
Data stored locally 
Measures 13 
kinematic 
metrics 
pace Impact 
Attached to the 
heel of any shoe 
Gs 
Braking 
Gs 
Pronation 
excursion 
Pronation 
velocity … 
Weight 
15 g
MILLION KG CHALLENGE 
Application: Million Kg Challenge 
ü 80,000 signed up 
ü 42,000 pledging to lose weight 
ü 6,000 lost overall 20,000 Kg in 6 months 
Apps 
§ iDAT 
§ MyFitnessPal 
§ RunKeeper 
§ LoseIt 
Wearable fitness trackers 
§ Jawbone Up24 
§ Withings Pulse O2 
§ Samsung Gear Fit 
§ Nike+ FuelBand SE 
§ Garmin Forerunner 15 
§ Apple Watch (available 2015)
MANAGEMENT OF HOSPITAL 
ORGANIZATION 
Collecting 
ü Continuous tracking of physiological data 
ü Hand, head & body-worn 
ü Sterility 
Processing 
ü Identify priority patients according to their needs 
ü Better diagnosis 
Display 
ü Efficient staffing of nurses and doctors 
ü Avoid useless displacement of staff 
ü Efficient drug and equipment management 
ü Assisting doctors in operating rooms 
basis
PERSONAL DRUG DOSAGE TRACKING 
Wearable drug reminding devices 
ü Haptic, visual or sound drug reminder 
ü Drug taking devices for the elderly 
Wearable tracking and healing devices 
ü Insulin monitoring – direct injection by the wearable 
ü Baby care – fever, pain, antibiotics… 
Insulin Nano-pump 
with MEMS 
Apps to remind you 
when to take your pills 
Sproutling wearable 
baby monitor
TELE-MEDICINE 
Local and International applications 
ü Health information technology 
ü Distant and early diagnosis 
ü Emergency tele-medicine 
ü Health assistance to third world countries 
ü Tele-medicine for soldiers on the battle field 
Tele-medical services 
ü Tele-pharmacy, Healthcare delivery 
ü Tele-radiology, tele-cardiology 
ü Tele-psychiatry 
ü Tele-nursing
REHABILITATION 
Handicapped people 
ü Physical activity tracking to evaluate improvement – 
better identification of physical weaknesses 
ü Optimized HCI control – Voice control, non invasive 
tongue control… 
ü Sensors to compensate the loss of sight or speaking 
ü eLEGS to help paraplegics to walk 
The Elderly 
ü Posture tracking to avoid falling 
ü Retirement houses: better accommodation to 
wearable computing
REHABILITATION: NUS PROJECT 
Indoor guiding device 
for blind people
HEALTHCARE BIG DATA 
Large pool of data 
about health population 
Aggregate data from 
wearables with other health 
information 
Bring together people 
with a common interest 
such as weight loss 
Create a community 
Build engagement and 
compile information 
Complete and essentially real-time data to treat 
and manage the health of individual patients 
Opens up Entrepreneurial Opportunities 
www.healthcaredatasolutions.com
IS SUCCESS OF WEARABLES POSSIBLE? 
q Forecasts on Wearables and Healthcare 
q What Reality in Healthcare ? 
q The Right Time 
q Success of Wearables as Interconnected Devices
Head-worn 
FORECASTS ON WEARABLES 
Hand-worn 
Body-worn 
Global market of 
wearable electronics 
2018 
$30 billion 
2014 
$3-5 billion 
2024 
$94 
billion 
35% CAGR 2014-2024 
Wearable devices 
2013 
14 million 
2018 
500 
million 
Source: Deloitte, Visiongain, BIS Research, IHS
FORECASTS ON HEALTHCARE 
Worldwide Public and Private Health Expenditure 
ü Estimated at $7.3 trillion in 2012 
ü 7% estimated annual growth in the next decade 
ü Personal care consumption: $1.7 trillion in 2012 should 
reach $2.2 trillion in 2017 
ü Tele-health patients to near 2 million by 2018 
Healthcare wearables 
ü ~30% of wearables market value: already $1.1 billion in 
2014 
Source: MaRS Market Insights, March 2014, Wearable Tech: Leveraging Canadian Innovation to Improve Health
WHICH REALITY IN HEALTHCARE ? 
Dreams 
• Instant access 24/7 
• High quality healthcare 
• Empowerment 
• My health data 
• Coordinated and coherent 
• One point of contact 
• Moving health care to me 
Reality 
• Gatekeepers 
• Budget driven 
• Didactive and controlling 
• Unavailable health data 
• Fragmented 
• Falling between sectors 
• Patients move to healthcare 
Source: Moving healthcare to your fingertips: Klaus Phanareth at TEDxCopenhagen 2012 
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_cGm_wJbyhU
THE RIGHT TIME 
Time Magazine, 
ü Improved customer value proposition September 22, 2014 
ü Numerous features enabled by scaled sensors and 
displays 
ü Established adoption of smartphones, tablets – products 
close to wearables 
ü Rising life expectancy, more seniors and chronic diseases 
ü Decrease the length of hospital stays 
ü Long-term care
INTERCONNECTION OF WEARABLES 
Jawbone RunScribe 
Apple 
Watch 
Polo Tech Shirt 
Google 
Glass 
Computers, smartphones, 
tablets and the Cloud 
Cloud 
Apps 
Wearables
INTERCONNECTION OF WEARABLES 
Jawbone RunScribe 
Apple 
Watch 
Polo Tech Shirt 
Google 
Glass 
Wearables 
Most successful wearables will be 
ü ‘Plug and play’ compatible with 
all wearables 
ü Bounded to an ergonomic app 
ü Connected to the Cloud to save 
and manage data
CONCLUSION 
ü Real and meaningful purpose for Wearable Electronics 
ü Collection of all physiological and biological data 
ü Worldwide health data management 
ü Breakthrough applications will emerge
A BREAKTHROUGH APPLICATION: 
BREAST TISSUE SCREENING 
A real issue 
§ Each year, 1,000,000 women are diagnosed with breast cancer 
§ More than 400,000 die 
§ 1 in 8 women contracts some form of breast cancer 
Early detection is still the cornerstone 
3 years 12 years
A BREAKTHROUGH APPLICATION: 
BREAST TISSUE SCREENING 
⇒ The First Warning Systems' Breast Tissue Screening Bra to assist 
in the breast self exam (BSE) 
§ Painless 
§ Noninvasive 
§ Highly accurate 
As easy as wearing sports bra 
Collect data 
and send to the Internet 
Process with sophisticated 
algorithms and display to 
3 clinical trials 90% + of accuracy 
the user 
Predicts tissue abnormalities
Thank you !
Q & A

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Wearable electronics in healthcare

  • 1. WEARABLE ELECTRONICS IN HEALTH CARE APPLICATIONS AMBRE, ARNAUD, HARSHA, MAHEN, SHAHROKH
  • 2. AGENDA I. Introduction II. Data Collection III. Data Processing IV. Data Display V. Impact on Healthcare VI. Is success of wearables possible ? VII. Conclusion
  • 3. I. INTRODUCTION Wearables are small electronic devices, often consisting of one or more sensors and having computational capability. They play an important role in healthcare monitoring, analyzing and even healing.
  • 6. WEARABLE ELECTRONICS BY USE Wearable Electronic Devices Hand Worn Smart Watch Wrist Wear Finger Wear Head Worn Smart Glasses HMD / HUD Body Worn Smart Textile Wearable Patches Foot and Arm Wear Apple Samsung Jawbone Google Optinvent OMsignal Intel
  • 7. § Fitness and health tracker § IntelligentM Bracelet (how well you wash your hand) § Wearable computers § Amon § Watch § Pebble Smartwatch § Martian Notifier Smartwatch § Apple watch § Samsung gear § Wristband § MIT Wristband § The Tactilu Bracelet HAND WORN Wristband Watch Wearable computer Hand Worn
  • 8. § Smart glasses § Google Glasses § Vuzix § Optinvent ORA § Buhel § Medical headsets (EEG) § Breathing masks § Brain-sensing headband (Muse-InteraXon) § Communication helmets § O.R.B HEAD WORN
  • 9. BODY WORN § Smart textile § Smart T-Shirt with integrated sensors (fitness trackers) § Smart armband (Myo) § Safety baby worn blanket (Philips) § Foot and Arm wear § RunScribe § Wearable Patches § E-skin
  • 10. COMPONENTS OF WEARABLES Sensors Inertial sensors Biosensors Other sensors (Haptics…) Connectivity Bluetooth WiFi GPS Battery Conventional Flexible battery Energy harvesting module Interfaces Speech recognition Haptics / Touch recognition Gesture recognition Non-invasive Interfaces Materials / Algorithms Electronic textiles and joints Flexible displays Accurate interpretation of measured data
  • 11. RATES OF IMPROVEMENT Next generation of Wearable devices Batteries are the bottleneck Change in the architecture and power usage of ICs to make them more efficient Source: http://www.newelectronics.co.uk/electronics-blogs/powering-wearables-and-giving-batteries-a-better-life/64664/
  • 12. DATA COLLECTING Inertial Sensors ü To monitor body movements Bio-Sensors ü To monitor heart rate ü Cholesterol ü Sweat Haptics ü To enhance touch experience
  • 13. INERTIAL SENSORS TO TRACK BODY MOVEMENT Accelerometers and gyros ü Continuous real-time data recording ü Accurate ü Body angles ü Angular acceleration
  • 14. INERTIAL SENSORS TO TRACK BODY MOVEMENT Integrated Motion tracking Remote patient monitoring Patient’s motion data Doctors and Physician InvenSense’s Motion Tracking device ² 6 axis (3-axis accelerometer) + (3-axis gyroscope) ² 9 axis (additional 3-axis ecompass) Source: http://www.invensense.com/mems/wearablesensors.html
  • 15. INERTIAL SENSORS TO TRACK BODY MOVEMENT Nike FuelBand FitBits Basis Jawbone
  • 16. OPTICAL SENSORS TO MONITOR HEART RATE ü Acceptable accuracy for over than 15 min use ü Commonly used in wrist bands Wearble Sensors, ISBN: 978-0-12-418662-0 good accuracy
  • 17. BIO-SENSORS TO MEASURE CHOLESTEROL Electrochemical ü Electrochemical are considered to be the most important cholesterol biosensor ü Based on enzymatic catalysis of a reaction ü Low response time ü High sensitivity ü Low cost and low power required Optical ü Employs an optical fiber as a platform for the biological recognition element ü Involves diffusion of analytes ü Higher response time ü Good sensitivity ü High cost and high power required
  • 18. PERFORMANCE OF ELECTROCHEMICAL VS OPTICAL Electrochemical sensors seem to dominate pertaining the performance Source: http://www.slideshare.net/Funk98/cholesterol-bio-sensors-getter-better-fast
  • 19. NON-INVASIVE ASSISTIVE INTERFACES ü Brain computer interface vs. Tongue control interface ü Tongue computer interface might be better ? Mean responsibility of correct choices Information transfer rate (bits per min) Source: Wearable Sensors, ISBN: 978-0-12-418662-0 Table: Comparison between the Tongue Drive System and other BCIs/TCIs* Type Number of Commands Response Time (s) IRT (Bits/min) EEG-BCI 2 - 4 3 - 4 25 TTK-TCI* 9 3,5 40 TCI*-1 5 2,4 58 TCI*-2 6 1 95 * TCI Tongue Computer Interface
  • 20. SWEAT SENSOR ü Used in wearable textiles ü Considerable improvements required Graph: Textile humidity sensor (upper left) and its calibration curve compared to a commercial humidity sensor Source: Wearable Sensors, ISBN: 978-0-12-418662-0
  • 21. HAPTICS TO ENHANCE TOUCH EXPERIENCE ü Enables virtual reality ü Weight illusions based on fingertip deformation ü Sensorimotor enhancer improves tactile sensitivity in human fingertips Source: Wearable Sensors, ISBN: 978-0-12-418662-0 Graph: Desired and measured eccentricity
  • 22. DATA PROCESSING CPUs and Processors Algorithms Data Processing
  • 23. DATA PROCESSING Internal Processing ü Data is processed within the wearable ü Higher battery consumption ü Efficient algorithms required External Processing ü Data sent to another device or cloud ü Data processing on another device ü Could use higher computational capabilities
  • 24. PROCESSOR UNITS Apple processor unit for healthcare and fitness data processing: ü Embedded accelerometer, gyroscope and compass ü Online process of motion data ü Analysis of motion-related healthcare problems ü Tested in IPhone 5 and will be used in Apple watch
  • 25. PROCESSOR TRENDS ü Performance ü Power consumption ü flexibility Past trend Future trend Source: “Wearable biosensing: signal processing and communication architectures issues” P. Cleka, R. Vetter, J. Telecom. Info. Tech, 2005
  • 26. FIRST GEN OF WEARABLE PROCESSOR Ineda systems Hierarchical CPU ü Devised for wearable electronics ü Nano: always on ü Low power consumption ü Support more sophisticated display and input requirements
  • 27. ALGORITHMS Noise reduction ! Source: “Wearable biosensing: signal processing and communication architectures issues” P. Cleka, R. Vetter, J. Telecom. Info. Tech, 2005
  • 28. ALGORITHMS FOR SPEECH RECOGNITION ü Reasonable accuracy ü Better algorithms are being developed Wearble Sensors, ISBN: 978-0-12-418662-0
  • 29. ALGORITHMS FOR GESTURE RECOGNITION ü Good precision for higher samples ü Well established algorithms are currently available Source: Wearable Sensors, ISBN: 978-0-12-418662-0
  • 30. ALGORITHMS FOR EEG AND ECG Algorithms for EEG and ECG ü High sensitivity ü Accurate ü Power performance ü Detection rate Source: Wearable Sensors, ISBN: 978-0-12-418662-0
  • 31. CONNECTIVITY Bluetooth v4.0 includes Bluetooth low energy marketed as “Bluetooth smart” 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 % with Bluetooth low power chips all wireless sports and fitness monitoring devices (according to IMS research) >70% Source: http://www.nordicsemi.com/eng/News/ULP-Wireless-Update/Health-improvements-by-the-numbers
  • 32. INTERNAL VS. EXTERNAL PROCESSING Internal ü Devices with low computational requirements ü High performance to size ratio of processors ü Connectivity is poor ü Processing is essential to display results Ex: Smart Watch External ü Devices with higher computational requirements ü Existing processor capabilities are enough ü Connectivity is not a bottleneck ü Internal processing is not essential Ex: EEG devices HYBRID devices ?
  • 33. DATA DISPLAY Internal Display ü Data displayed in the device or projected somewhere ü Flexible display and electronics desired ü Larger wearables External Display ü Data displayed in another device (E.g. Phones, tabs) ü Existing display devices are sufficient ü Smaller wearables
  • 34. FLEXIBLE DISPLAYS ü Better materials need to be discovered ü Low stiffness, low thickness, better resolution are desired ü Production costs are falling http://www.displaysearch.com/cps/rde/xchg/displaysearch/hs.xsl/140716_amoled_mobile_phone_panel_costs_expected_to_fall_below_lcd.asp
  • 35. FLEXIBLE ELECTRONICS ü Flexible electronics would be very important ü Strain vs. performance of transistor is an indicator Wearble Sensors, ISBN: 978-0-12-418662-0
  • 36. INTERNAL VS. EXTERNAL DISPLAY Internal Display ü Devices with minimum information to be displayed ü Devices that can project data ü Connectivity is poor ü Larger size is desirable ü Improvements in flexible, thin display systems ü Improvements in flexible electronics also necessary Ex: Wrist Bands External Display ü Devices that need detailed analysis of data ü Connectivity is good ü Existing display systems are sufficient ü Smaller size is desirable Ex: Medical Devices Hybrid systems likely to be used mostly!
  • 37. IMPACT ON HEALTHCARE q Fitness tracking and improvement q Management of hospital organization q Personal drug dosage tracking q Tele-medicine q Rehabilitation q Healthcare Big Data
  • 38. FITNESS TRACKING AND IMPROVEMENT Hand-worn and body-worn • Jawbone, Apple watch, Polo Tech Shirt Tracking • Personal physiological and biological parameters, activity and performance Data collected • Heart rate, stress, obesity, sleep, calories, 02 saturation, blood pressure Virtual coaching • Apps
  • 39. RUNSCRIBE A small 9-axis sensor Uploaded via Bluetooth to your devices Data stored locally Measures 13 kinematic metrics pace Impact Attached to the heel of any shoe Gs Braking Gs Pronation excursion Pronation velocity … Weight 15 g
  • 40. MILLION KG CHALLENGE Application: Million Kg Challenge ü 80,000 signed up ü 42,000 pledging to lose weight ü 6,000 lost overall 20,000 Kg in 6 months Apps § iDAT § MyFitnessPal § RunKeeper § LoseIt Wearable fitness trackers § Jawbone Up24 § Withings Pulse O2 § Samsung Gear Fit § Nike+ FuelBand SE § Garmin Forerunner 15 § Apple Watch (available 2015)
  • 41. MANAGEMENT OF HOSPITAL ORGANIZATION Collecting ü Continuous tracking of physiological data ü Hand, head & body-worn ü Sterility Processing ü Identify priority patients according to their needs ü Better diagnosis Display ü Efficient staffing of nurses and doctors ü Avoid useless displacement of staff ü Efficient drug and equipment management ü Assisting doctors in operating rooms basis
  • 42. PERSONAL DRUG DOSAGE TRACKING Wearable drug reminding devices ü Haptic, visual or sound drug reminder ü Drug taking devices for the elderly Wearable tracking and healing devices ü Insulin monitoring – direct injection by the wearable ü Baby care – fever, pain, antibiotics… Insulin Nano-pump with MEMS Apps to remind you when to take your pills Sproutling wearable baby monitor
  • 43. TELE-MEDICINE Local and International applications ü Health information technology ü Distant and early diagnosis ü Emergency tele-medicine ü Health assistance to third world countries ü Tele-medicine for soldiers on the battle field Tele-medical services ü Tele-pharmacy, Healthcare delivery ü Tele-radiology, tele-cardiology ü Tele-psychiatry ü Tele-nursing
  • 44. REHABILITATION Handicapped people ü Physical activity tracking to evaluate improvement – better identification of physical weaknesses ü Optimized HCI control – Voice control, non invasive tongue control… ü Sensors to compensate the loss of sight or speaking ü eLEGS to help paraplegics to walk The Elderly ü Posture tracking to avoid falling ü Retirement houses: better accommodation to wearable computing
  • 45. REHABILITATION: NUS PROJECT Indoor guiding device for blind people
  • 46. HEALTHCARE BIG DATA Large pool of data about health population Aggregate data from wearables with other health information Bring together people with a common interest such as weight loss Create a community Build engagement and compile information Complete and essentially real-time data to treat and manage the health of individual patients Opens up Entrepreneurial Opportunities www.healthcaredatasolutions.com
  • 47. IS SUCCESS OF WEARABLES POSSIBLE? q Forecasts on Wearables and Healthcare q What Reality in Healthcare ? q The Right Time q Success of Wearables as Interconnected Devices
  • 48. Head-worn FORECASTS ON WEARABLES Hand-worn Body-worn Global market of wearable electronics 2018 $30 billion 2014 $3-5 billion 2024 $94 billion 35% CAGR 2014-2024 Wearable devices 2013 14 million 2018 500 million Source: Deloitte, Visiongain, BIS Research, IHS
  • 49. FORECASTS ON HEALTHCARE Worldwide Public and Private Health Expenditure ü Estimated at $7.3 trillion in 2012 ü 7% estimated annual growth in the next decade ü Personal care consumption: $1.7 trillion in 2012 should reach $2.2 trillion in 2017 ü Tele-health patients to near 2 million by 2018 Healthcare wearables ü ~30% of wearables market value: already $1.1 billion in 2014 Source: MaRS Market Insights, March 2014, Wearable Tech: Leveraging Canadian Innovation to Improve Health
  • 50. WHICH REALITY IN HEALTHCARE ? Dreams • Instant access 24/7 • High quality healthcare • Empowerment • My health data • Coordinated and coherent • One point of contact • Moving health care to me Reality • Gatekeepers • Budget driven • Didactive and controlling • Unavailable health data • Fragmented • Falling between sectors • Patients move to healthcare Source: Moving healthcare to your fingertips: Klaus Phanareth at TEDxCopenhagen 2012 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_cGm_wJbyhU
  • 51. THE RIGHT TIME Time Magazine, ü Improved customer value proposition September 22, 2014 ü Numerous features enabled by scaled sensors and displays ü Established adoption of smartphones, tablets – products close to wearables ü Rising life expectancy, more seniors and chronic diseases ü Decrease the length of hospital stays ü Long-term care
  • 52. INTERCONNECTION OF WEARABLES Jawbone RunScribe Apple Watch Polo Tech Shirt Google Glass Computers, smartphones, tablets and the Cloud Cloud Apps Wearables
  • 53. INTERCONNECTION OF WEARABLES Jawbone RunScribe Apple Watch Polo Tech Shirt Google Glass Wearables Most successful wearables will be ü ‘Plug and play’ compatible with all wearables ü Bounded to an ergonomic app ü Connected to the Cloud to save and manage data
  • 54. CONCLUSION ü Real and meaningful purpose for Wearable Electronics ü Collection of all physiological and biological data ü Worldwide health data management ü Breakthrough applications will emerge
  • 55. A BREAKTHROUGH APPLICATION: BREAST TISSUE SCREENING A real issue § Each year, 1,000,000 women are diagnosed with breast cancer § More than 400,000 die § 1 in 8 women contracts some form of breast cancer Early detection is still the cornerstone 3 years 12 years
  • 56. A BREAKTHROUGH APPLICATION: BREAST TISSUE SCREENING ⇒ The First Warning Systems' Breast Tissue Screening Bra to assist in the breast self exam (BSE) § Painless § Noninvasive § Highly accurate As easy as wearing sports bra Collect data and send to the Internet Process with sophisticated algorithms and display to 3 clinical trials 90% + of accuracy the user Predicts tissue abnormalities
  • 58. Q & A