The document discusses the Why-Why Analysis technique for identifying root causes of problems in a logical, methodical way based on facts. It describes two approaches - starting from what should have happened or from first principles. It provides eight considerations for implementing Why-Why Analysis, such as clearly identifying the phenomenon, using simple phrases, checking the logical structure, and continuing to ask "why" until preventative actions are identified. An example analyzes why a hydraulic cylinder was not working properly by repeatedly asking "why" to trace the root cause to a maintenance issue.

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WHY-WHY ANALYSIS
PRESENTED BY:
MD.FURKAN UDDIN JEWEL

2. Why-Why Analysis
Why-Why AnalysisWhy-Why Analysis
Why-Why Analysis is a technique for tracking down the root causes of undesirable
phenomena logically and methodically, based on the facts, instead of merely
brainstorming.
Two Approaches in Why-Why AnalysisTwo Approaches in Why-Why Analysis
- Approach starting from ‘what should have happened’-
Think what the necessary conditions must be and list them up as items to investigate.
Then investigate each condition on the spot to see whether it is actually being satisfied.
- Approach starting from first principles-
Focusing on the point at which the problem occurred, go back to first principles, and
do the first step of the analysis by asking why these principles failed to operate.
8 Important Considerations when Implementing Why-Why Analysis8 Important Considerations when Implementing Why-Why Analysis
1) Clearly identify the phenomenon by closely observing the physical objects and materials involved
2) Use simple phrases like ‘A did/became B’ when defining the phenomenon and answering the
Why?s
3) Check the logical structure of the analysis by reading back from the last Why? to the
phenomenon.
4) Reading the analysis backward, check that all the possible causes have been identified for each
event.
5) Continue asking Why? until you identify the actions that will prevent the problem from recurring.
6) Only note items that deviate from normal.
7) Avoid trying to identify causes lying in human psychology.
8) Do not use negative words such as ‘bad’.
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3. Why-Why Analysis Example
Example:
Hydraulic cylinder not working properly
Why Because Action
Why is the cylinder not working properly?
Why did the holes in the strainer get clogged
up?
Why was the fluid dirty?
Why did the dirt get inside the tank?
Why did the lid have a hole in it, and not fit
properly, leaving gaps around it?
Because the holes in the strainer are clogged
up.
Because the hydraulic fluid was dirty.
Because dirt had got inside the tank.
Because the tank’s lid had a hole in it, and
did not fit properly, leaving gaps around it.
Because it was not maintained
properly.
Clean the strainer
Remove the fluid and clean it.
Prevent cutting debris and cutting fluid from
flying around.
Block the hole and make the lid fit
properly, leaving no gaps.
Standardise and train out the repair
procedure.
1st Why? 2nd Why? 3rd Why?
Phenomenon
(result)
Cause
CausePhenomenon
(result)
CausePhenomenon
(result)
Phenomenon
(result)
Analysis continues until
the final cause is found
(often something to do
with human behaviour)
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