3. BIOTECHNOLOGY
Using scientific methods with organisms to
produce new products or new forms of
organisms.
Any technique that uses living organisms
or substances from those organisms to
make or modify a product, to improve
plants or animals, or to develop micro-
organisms for specific uses.
4. BIOTECHNOLOGY
Manipulation of genes is called genetic
engineering or recombinant DNA
technology.
Genetic engineering involves taking one
or more genes from a location in one
organism and either.
Transferring them to another organism.
Putting them back into the original
organism in different combinations.
5. Applications of Biotechnology
Cell and Molecular biology.
Microbiology.
Genetics.
Anatomy and Physiology.
Biochemistry.
Engineering.
Computer Science.
6. Applications of Biotechnology
Virus-resistant crop plants and livestock.
Diagnostics for detecting genetic diseases
and acquired diseases.
Therapies that use genes to cure diseases.
Recombinant vaccines to prevent disease.
Biotechnology can also aid the
environment.
7. Computers in Biotechnology
Computer simulations with virtual reality
and other uses help in biotechnology.
Computer modeling may be done before
it is tested with animals.
8. Goals of Biotechnology
To understand more about the processes of inherita
nce and gene expression.
To provide better understanding & treatment of vari
ous diseases, particularly genetic disorders.
To generate economic benefits, including improved
plants and animals for agriculture and efficient
production of valuable biological molecules.
Example: Vitamin A fortified engineered rice.
10. Biotechnology Development
Ancient biotechnology- early history as
related to food and shelter; Includes
domestication.
Classical biotechnology- built on ancient
biotechnology; Fermentation promoted
food production, and medicine.
Modern biotechnology- manipulates
genetic information in organism; Genetic
engineering.
11. Fermented food, 1500 BC
Yeast - fruit juice wine.
Brewing beer - CO2.
Baking bread, alcohol.
Egyptians used yeast in 1500 B.C.
1915-1920 Baker’s Yeast.
12. Classical Biotechnology
Describes the development that
fermentation has taken place from
ancient times to the present
Top fermentation - developed first, yeast
rise to top
1833 - Bottom fermentation - yeast remain
on bottom
1886 – Brewing equipment made by E.C.
Hansen and still used today
13. Classical Biotechnology Advances
Today many things are produced:
Pharmaceutical compounds such as
antibiotics.
Amino Acids .
Many chemicals, hormones, and
pigments.
Enzymes with a large variety of uses.
Biomass for commercial and animal
consumption (such as single-cell
protein).
15. Applications
Agriculture
Plant breeding to improve resistance to pests, diseases,
drought and salt conditions
Mass propagation of plant clones Bioinsecticide
development modification of plants to improve
nutritional and processing characteristics
Chemical Industry
Production of bulk chemicals and solvents such as
ethanol, citric acid, acetone and butanol
Synthesis of fine specialty chemicals such as enzymes,
amino acids, alkaloids and antibiotics
16. Applications
Medicine
Development of novel therapeutic molecules for
medical treatments
Diagnostics
Drug delivery systems
Tissue engineering of replacement organs
Gene therapy
17. Applications
Food Industry
Production of bakers' yeast, cheese, yogurt and
fermented foods such as vinegar and soy sauce
Brewing and wine making
Production of flavors and coloring agents
Veterinary Practice
Vaccine production
Fertility control
Livestock breeding
18. Applications
Environment
Biological recovery of heavy metals from mine tailings
and other industrial sources
Bioremediation of soil and water polluted with toxic
chemicals
Sewage and other organic waste treatment
19. Future of Medicine
Smart drugs for cancer and autoimmune
diseases (arthritis, psoriasis, diabetes).
Gene-based diagnostics and therapies.
Pharmacogenomics and personalised
medicine.
Stem cells and regenerative medicine.
Health and longevity.
20. the promise of biotech
DNA protein
drugs are so complex they can only be synthesized in a living system
