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THE NOBLE LADY
A brief analysis of
Social and Political services of
Miss Fatima Jinnah
BY : Ayman Khan
Faazila Baig
Ghazal Manzoor
Hina Rafique
Mahrukh Rizwan
course : 300.2
The story of Fatima Jinnah is a story of courage, humanity, discipline, faith, and unity. She devoted her
entire life for Pakistan, yet most of the scholars, historians, politicians and researchers argue that Fatima
Jinnah’s was popular only because she was Quaid’s sister. This was, no doubt, one of the most dominating
aspects of her personality, and she deserved to be remembered being a sister of Quaid-i-Azam . But, if her
role is examined in the history of Pakistan as a politician, as a social worker, as a doctor and as a role model
for Pakistani women, it can safely be concluded that she was..
The voice of people and demand of time!
2
SOCIAL ACTIVIST
Fatima’s legacy is associated with her support for civil rights. After the partition, she appeared as a great social worker
especially her contribution in the social development sector is quite laudable. She was more in social than political for
women awakening and urging them to participate in national affairs to fight for their rights.
Along with Begum Rana Liaquat Ali Khan, she had made the greatest contribution in the realm of women’s awakening and
participation in national affairs, in their emancipation, their regeneration, and their empowerment. Indeed, since her early
life Fatima Jinnah had served as a role model for Muslim girls/women in several areas as the various roles she had donned
would indicate.
She believed “Women who represented half of the population of the country could change the destiny of the nation”.
She wanted the women to know their right place so they might develop a sense of duty.
Settled Women Refugees:
After the independence of Pakistan, she co-founded the “All Pakistan Women Association” (APWA), which played an
integral role in the settlement of the women migrants in the newly formed country.
Moreover, she formed the “Women Relief Committee”; during the transfer of power in 1947, which later formed the
nucleus for APWA founded by Rana Liaquat Ali Khan. Together they played a vital role in the settlement of migrants in
Pakistan. There are still hospitals, libraries and schools for underprivileged, in Karachi that are being run by APWA. Also
there’s a hostel in Clifton for the girls who are self-reliant and migrating from other countries and cities, all in all there are
uncountable services of APWA.
3
4
Motivated Women To Work:
Fatima was fighting a war against illiteracy and polytechnic institutes because she wanted every lady to learn to work for
self-development on self-help basis. She pleaded for the promotion of culture of love for labor and did her best to aware
women to stand for their rights and to come forward to work on every aspect and to be strong in every step of life.
Opened Technical Institutes:
Fatima Jinnah is known for her contributions for the uplift of various segments of Pakistan society but her most important
or special concern was about women who should also contribute in technical education, institutes and even in industrial
workings, to play their part in the development of Pakistan equally as compared to men. For that she devoted herself to the
cause of establishment of Women Industrial Homes and Institutions and inaugurated Muslim Women Industrial Home at
Karachi, 1948.
She addressed in her speech that women are brought to be helpless and only they know that they are dependent on the
male members of the family weather its before or after marriage. Moreover, if something happened to the male or if they
are not supported by them, where they will go and to whom they ask for help and support?
These were the situations that none couldn’t understand unless they are for themselves in it or have gone through such
circumstances. These were some of the issues Fatima stood to resolve and her strategy was simple, women should acquire
knowledge and skills to earn and bring their children up properly. For that she emphasized on promoting of technical
education in the country for women, so they should not be dependent.
And, Her messages were not only about women or widows but for the young girls as well that they should also apply for
technical and industrial work which will later help them to earn honorably and live independently.
She also encouraged women for “handicrafts training”, and asked young ladies to learn to sew and ways of preparing
popular and modern design, avoiding imitation of old and worn out designs. For that she provided a platform to women by
opening Salika Sewing Institute in December 1951.
That technical institutes should be opened not only in big cities but also in every nook and corner of the country, she said.
5
Opened Educational Institutes:
Fatima had a realization that we have to work hard to be competent with the world of Science and technology.
She strongly urged the ladies to come forward to acquire education and to work for physical and moral uplift which she
considered very essential for social development of society as whole. For that she laid the foundation stone of “Sindh
Madrassah Girls High School”, Karachi, 1947.
Also, she was very particular to realize the youth their responsibility and potential for the development of Pakistan and
opened “Khatoon-e-Pakistan” girls school in Karachi 1955, which later converted into college in 1962. It got 1lac of funds
from Quaid and 13 Acre land from the government.
She inaugurated the All Pakistan Meena Bazaar in 1964 at the Old Exhibition Ground, under the Punjab Muslim Women
Sub-continent committee’s auspices, Lahore
She believed that with knowledge and positive mindset they can better socialize the generations to come, they can turn the
future for better society.
You educate a man, you educate a man..
You educate a woman, you educate a generation!
The impact of the services of Fatima for women can be seen till this day in 2018. Majority of the women in Pakistan are
acquiring knowledge, they work, earn and stand for themselves next to men boldly. The woman today is so focused that
even if there is some resistance form their family comes in her goals, she adjust herself but never gives up.
Women today have an independent mindset, they strive hard to be self-sufficient so they won’t have to ask for others
support for his or her child’s living. And it is Fatima, who set herself as an example and her true guidance that bring change.
Promoted Urdu:
There was a prime and immediate need of introducing “Urdu”
Reason: Quaid gives importance to Urdu for 3 reasons
1. Medium of thought and expression 2. Most suited language 3.Rich in Islamic thoughts and ideologies
For the progress of Urdu She founded “All Pakistan Anjuman-e-Taraqqi-e-Urdu”
Service: it established colleges and rendered other services for Urdu.
She asked people to help these colleges by making it progress with their support.
PASSIONATE POLITICAL WORKER
Her social services has largely been overshadowed by her political role. Fatima started her political career not as profession
but as the aim of her life to serve the nation. She dreamt for Pakistan to be democratic, progressive and welfare-oriented,
for which she struggled day and night throughout of her 38 years in politics.
Her political journey is divided into three phases:
Phase#1 : 1929-1947
This is the phase when she was just 36 and left her profession to support her brother after the death of his wife. She not
only accompany him as a sister but as his right hand in politics as well, since she was a strong critic of British raj, leading
member of All-India Muslim League who emerged as a strong advocate of Two-nation-theory. Also, she accompanied Lady
Mount Batten to the constituent assembly and attended the transfer of power ceremonies at which Mount Batten handed
over power to the provincial government of Pakistan.
All in all, she can be seen everywhere with our Quaid in meetings where they both struggled hard in Pakistan movement
for 18 years and winning a separate state, therefore, this phase is counted as the most successful one.
Phase#2 : 1948-1964
This phase began right after the death of Quaid when everyone was trying to acquire power, forgotten the vision that
Quaid left and ruling the country undemocratically. Worst still, the Muslim league was also started to divide. This was the
point she entered the politics officially and broke the ice!
6
Dynamic Political leader:
• Worked for Muslim league
It is agreed that throughout her political journey, she gave a sense of personal identification and realization to the women
of newly born state, but she provided a platform not only to women but also to fragmented leaders of Pakistan. She
did all possible efforts to strengthen the Muslim League and make it a democratic organization again, where people
had the choice of electing their representatives.
She Said; “I want the people to think and ponder over what lines the Muslim League should work… Definite lead should
be given to built trust and confidence in people.”
• Devoted freedom fighter:
Whenever she felt that government was not performing well, she raised her voice and criticized it boldly and bravely,
especially when it comes to violation of democracy. During the 1958 Martial Law imposed by Iskandar Mirza, she
became against “dictatorship” as she believed that;
“Stability of a country does not depend on one man alone! ..(its) people (who) are the real sovereign power for any
democratic country.”
Fatima was a pioneer and symbol of democracy in Pakistan, the way she understood it no one else did. In one of her
speech she explained the concept and the insights of democracy to youth in these words when they demand for it;
“Democracy pre supposes the existence of a certain intellectual, cultural, economic and physical level
among people who want government of the people by the people for the people,
where every one will have equal opportunity for development on the basis of equality, fair play, and justice.
Where man can not exploit man for his own ends.
True democracy requires that people will so equip themselves as to put men in position who are selected on the basis of
their services to the people.”
7
Also, she mentioned some of the factors to accept and to avoid to enable democracy to function, which are as under:
• Personal ambitions
• Corruption
• Bribery
• Nepotism
• Strong character
• Integrity
• Selflessness
Fatima used to see these as the viruses in the body of Pakistan, that’s eating it inside!
To eliminate these viruses she strived for 10 years (from 1950 till 1960) to get the people their intrinsic democratic rights,
independent media and rule of law.
Later, General Ayub returned, formed a new constitution and enforced it on people. There was again a military
dictatorship. Nation was not satisfied with the constitution, an atmosphere of disturbance was created and
democracy was totally finished.
Action: Fatima started the “movement of democracy, which continued till her death!
Her severe anger and reaction to martial law showed her political understanding and wisdom
• Explained the need of sovereignty:
She believed that we can only be a sovereign state by progressing economically forward, as she said;
“Economic well-being results in respect and independence, (and there is a need for) economic self-sufficiency among
individuals and the nation as whole.”
Action: She recurrently asked people in her speeches to stand up for their rights.
Impact: Demands for fundamental rights and basic freedom, demonstrations, protest rallies and strikes by the labors,
students, teachers, journalists, lawyers and railway men tore the deadly silence of the political landscape. This
ended the decade of Ayub’s rule and he left Pakistan!
8
• Concerned for Kashmir:
She was also worried about Kashmir because issue was still unresolved. She suggested free plebiscite as the situation was
getting worse like Palestine. It was important because Kashmir and its freedom was Quaid’s concern on his death-bed.
Phase#3 : 1965-1967
She was in a continuous struggle to protect Quaid’s Pakistan and this time she fought against directly in presidential
elections. She ran for the presidency of Pakistan as a candidate for the Combined Opposition Party of Pakistan (COPP)
There were four candidates who participated in all, but the close-fight was between Fatima and Ayub, as she was the only
candidate who stood against the dictator bravely!
Being the advocate of democracy and her well-fare for the people, she got the most support when people got united
against Ayub Khan’s dictatorship. This freedom and power was revitalized by Fatima Jinnah. But what happens in the
results is illogical and appalling!
She lost but still defeated him in two of Pakistan’s largest cities, Karachi and Dhaka. She also won in Hyderabad and
narrowly lost in Peshawar. In KPK she really worked hard and took out women and men to vote, that wasn’t less than a
challenge for her and we can see that impact to this day, in 2018 elections, the turnout of women in KPK was higher all
over the country!.
To conclude, there were several other politicians who were closely attached with Quaid-i-Azam but they did not play the
role as Fatima Jinnah did. From 1947 to till 1967, she proved a spokesperson of her brother’s vision and ideas. The
situations were never in her favor but she never step back and continued to rescue her brother’s country till her last
breaths. And if she won, we would had a totally different Pakistan.
9
FASCINATING PERSONALITY
Fatima was a great lady with much of the intelligence, personality and iron will of the Quaid as well as a vision of Pakistan.
Her personality played a key role and fuel her objectives to achieve. What she did for Pakistan wasn’t possible for any other
woman, It’s her traits and charisma that united people under one platform.
Interestingly, 90% of her achievements was due to her speeches as she was a very good orator and knew how to align
people with her and Quaids objective. In her speeches she proved herself observant, appreciative, optimistic and upbeat,
which encouraged people to respect and support her.
Some of the elements of her personality are as under:
Observant: She was able to feel the pulse of nation and articulate their innermost thoughts and yearnings.
She always appreciated people, their courage and sacrifice, that they are contributing their full share. This clearly shows
that she observed every detail and problems those people were going though, in sharing their part.
Situationally aware: She can’t be easily fooled, she knew that all the politicians were only double-crossing the innocent
nation to acquire power. She was fully aware of these enemies of Pakistan and compared them with disease.
She asked the nation “I want you to find out the reasons for this disease which is eating into the body politics; find a
remedy to cure it!”
10
Verist: She had a very strong grip on realities. She made people realized that winning a separate state and getting
independence is not enough, we have a lot of duties and the struggle is just begin, time for slogans is gone, it’s now time for
constructive action, and continuous hard-work.
Also she said, “the life of human being is a struggle, the life of a nation no less!”
Humble: She never began or end her speech without a thank-note, without expressing gratitude to nation. This encouraged
people to do more for their leader. Her motherly personality became a source of hope. She consolidated and coordinated
with people and the same she asked in return to have a solid nation.
Appreciative: With appreciation and understanding the situation of people and by working for them with utmost sincerity
she won the hearts and minds of people. She lost her brother but gained people who supported her in taking Pakistan
forward according to Quaids vision, they respected her like their mother, obeyed in whatever she appealed for, getting full
response and her services were reciprocated.
Loyal to brother: She was an ardent supporter of her brother , always reminded people the hardships their Quaid faced.
This is how she awaken people by asking them to compare their problems with Quaid. And asked them that if he could
stand for you, why don’t you stand for his vision?
Truly a patriotic woman : She had a good understanding of her own culture and values.
she said, “stand by your convictions and ideals, show character, courage and oral strength and refuseto be lured by
temptations of material gains at the cost of the moral values”
Also she said; “The supreme Interest of the country demands that everyone should curb personal ambition and dedicate
himself to the cause of the unity and stability of Pakistan.” And this selfness of Fatima can be seen in her actions since she
devoted her life for Pakistan, she never even married throughout her life!
11
Problem Solver: Without revolutionary ideas, talent, hard work, and discerning power of judgment, a person can not get a
prominent position in the history. Fatima was a blend of all these qualities.
Problem#1: Thousands of women roam around aimlessly with their half-starved children in their laps. These women
are economically dependent on male and helpless without them. This made them a burden on newly born state.
Solution: when nobody seems to take notice of these women, Fatima thought to utilize this resource.
Strategy: Asked women to gain knowledge and putting it into practice. On the side they’ll become independent and
may serve nation by working in industries by selling crafts and clothes and we should buy to encourage them.
LEARN EARN and TRADE !
Strategy :Asked women to build personal contacts with women of east Pakistan and vice versa. And interchange ideas.
Problem#2 : Economic imbalance
Strategy: Generate money from industrialization by utilizing skilled people and natural resources like cotton that we’ve
the most according to world bank report.
The industrialization can be started from hand loom clothes. Because they are made in larger quantity in Pakistan. We
just need to find the market for that.
Impact: Today we have more textile industries, more outlets like Khaadi, Alkaram etc, and more export of textile goods.
She is the one who gave the idea of factories and industrial sector by emphasizing that “Industrialization is the key to
progress in this era.
Problem#3 : Poverty
Strategy: The money from industrialization will be used in redistribution, to help eradicate the poverty and raise the
standard of living of the common men. The prosperity of Pakistan depends on these two factors, she said.
She killed three birds with one stone….masterstroke!
12
Problem#4: It was said that the entire economic fabric of Pakistan would collapse at its initial stage.
But this never happened and prophecies of our economic collapse failed!
How:
Businessmen migrated to Pakistan and shoulder responsibilities, International trade was in our favor, state bank of Pakistan
floated, we got our own currency.
Problem#5: The weight of Refugee was a gigantic problem and resistance/hurdle in the path of Pakistan to progress.
Especially refugee settlement in Karachi. They were a burden on Pakistan, since they had no occupation and no place to
live.
Solution : Fatima considered it as the first priority of government to settle the refugees, women were settled through
APWA and women relief committee.
She could foresee the situation of Pakistan when it was gone into the hands of opportunists and provided us with some
keys to hold on for the progress of the state. She said we can progress by;
• By following true Islamic culture/tradition and organizing the society on healthy Islamic lines.
• Economic well-being and self-sufficiency among individuals and the nation as whole, to be independent, sovereign
and respected in international arena.
• Careful attention towards economic condition because our economic engine solely works runs on agriculture.
“WE CAN RISE BY ECONOMICALLY MOVING FORWARD!”
• No exploitation, provide proper living for common men.
• Modernize methods for industrial progress.
• Higher Education. Not with the purpose of attaining degrees for self, but to serve country.
• Democracy
• Nation building
To conclude, her ideas were relevant to our social, political and cultural development and can still be followed.
Farsighted:
13
14
HURDLES
Miss Jinnah’s existence as a Pakistani was wrought with disappointments, disillusionment and eventual isolation.
Much has been speculated about her life as a Pakistani between 1947 and 1967 (the year she passed away).
But one of the best and most authentic accounts of her disappointments arrived in the shape of a book.
Dispute between the leaders of Muslim League:
After the death of Quaid, conflicts and disputes erupted amongst member of the Pakistan Muslim league.
When Fatima visited Lahore in 1949, the situation of Punjab became very critical and ultimately it led to its downfall,
because everybody was trying to snatch their own benefits!
Prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan called both leaders in Karachi and tried to reunite them but failed.
Resultantly, one group headed by Nawab Mamdoot and other was led by Mumtaz Doltana.
At that time, PM supported Mumtaz Doltana and pressurized Nawab Mamdoot to resign.
In 1950, Nawab Mamdot organized a new Muslim League under the name of ‘Jinnah Muslim League’.
Consequently, the ‘Governor Rule’ was imposed in Punjab. This made Fatima Jinnah perturbed and depressed!
15
Tragedy:
She never wanted to participate in this treacherous and corrupt arena of politics. But still she entered politics just to
protect Quaids legacy__Muslim league and Pakistan. Her journey wasn’t that easy, It was though and really a challenge!
She could foresee the upcoming threat to United Pakistan after double martial law , and non-cooperative and anti-
democratic atmosphere that prevailed at that time. Fatima was extremely shocked and hopeless to see that Ayub was
same as Iskandar Mirza, who made conditions even worse.
Political atmosphere was unfavorable for her, all the politicians were interested to get the highest leadership but no one
was interested to solve issues.
Banned and censored:
Through her speeches she proved herself quite fearless, striking and bold. Many times her speeches were censored because
her address were against the government as she openly and repeatedly said that Ayub government and his tailored made
system is not suitable for Pakistan.
Lawyer, Sharifuddin Pirzada said that when Miss Jinnah appeared on Radio Pakistan to announce her brother’s death, the
state-owned radio channel’s director-general, Z A. Bokhari, got a call from a government official asking him to switch off
Miss Jinnah’s speech the moment she began criticizing the government’s heartless attitude towards the founder of the
country and how he was left to die in an old ambulance.
She was also been under the pressure from government in disallowing her to publish her book “My Brother” because in it
she laments how her brother was quickly ‘betrayed’ by even some of his closest comrades who had worked with him during
the Pakistan Movement. She wrote that book in 1955, which was published 32 years later in 1987!
Character Assassination:
The U.S. Magazine (Time), while reporting on the 1965 election campaign, wrote that Fatima faced attacks on her modesty
and patriotism by Ayub Khan. She was called as RAW agent working for them!
16
Rigged:
1965 election was not followed the International standard of election. All journalists were agreed on this opinion that
election was rigged and in the favor of Ayub Khan. Since those elections were not fair Fatima lost even having winning
majority in many cities.
Proof: The turnout was 35%. It was proved that Ayub Khan used all government machinery to win the elections.Khawaja
Nazimuddin s’ sudden death also effected the electioneering and the results. Faulty voters also played a role in the election
of 1965. Moreover, she had a huge fan following, her defeat is clearly unjustifiable!
Murdered:
These anti-democratic attacks could never stop her efforts, she continued with what she aim for.
She was never afraid of anyone and hide truth under someone's influence. This is what became the reason behind her
death. Doctors told that she died of heart failure during her sleep. But she was not died of natural death but her death was
a result of some violence because she was never been a heart patient throughout her life!
Her family friends noticed scars on her neck on closer examination. They also alleged that they had seen marks of violence
and even blood on her body. Her election agent Hassan A. sheikh also asserted that Mohtarma’s death was not natural. Also
Sharifuddin Pirzada talked on the issue and shocked the nation by ‘disclosing’ at a public meeting that Miss Fatima Jinnah
was murdered. Even Jinnah’s nephew Akber Pirbhai, insist that she was murdered.
In her burial ceremony, there was significant participation of the ambassadors of other countries but a few government
representatives were present. This clearly explains many things!
Fatima was laid to rest without a post-mortem and death is still a controversial issue and a mystery!
The patriotic heroine may be gone but her teachings are still preserved. The unforgettable and forceful role of Fatima Jinnah
will remain alive as a source of guidance and spirit to the nation. And her charisma will keep inspiring the future generations
to come!
17
REFERENCES
From News Papers:
❖ Nadeem F. Paracha. (2014, May 04). Fatima Jinnah: A sister's sorrow. Retrieved from https://www.dawn.com/news/1103505
❖ Salman, P. (2014, June 30). This week 50 years ago: Miss Jinnah's warning. Retrieved from https://www.dawn.com/news/1115975
❖ Balouch, A. (2017, July 10). How Fatima Jinnah died - an unsolved criminal case. Retrieved from https://www.dawn.com/news/1159181
❖ ‫کی‬ ‫جناح‬ ‫فاطمہ‬ ‫محترمہ‬ ‫ملت‬ ‫مادر‬125‫سالگرہ‬ ‫ویں‬( .2018, July 31). Retrieved from https://jang.com.pk/news/528373
❖ ‫بچھڑے‬ ‫سے‬ ‫ہم‬ ‫کو‬ ‫جناح‬ ‫فاطمہ‬ ‫محترمہ‬ ‫ملت‬ ِ‫مادر‬50‫ہوگئے‬ ‫سال‬( .2017, July 9). Retrieved from https://jang.com.pk/news/343792-mother-of-nation-
fatima-jinnah-died-before-50-years
From Articles:
❖PROF. SHARIF AL MUJAHID. (n.d.). Fatima Jinnah: A Female Muslim Persona. Retrieved from https://hilal.gov.pk/eng-artical/fatima-jinnah:-a-
female-muslim-persona/MTIwMw==.html
From Books:
❖ RIAZ AHMED. (2003). Fatima Jinnah’s concern for Concern for Women’s Technical Education. Retrieved from
https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/7203283.pdf
❖ SANA FATIMA. (2014). Fatima Jinnah’s Political Journey and her Controversial Death. Retrieved from
http://www.nihcr.edu.pk/Latest_English_Journal/Pjhc%2035-2,%202014/5%20Fatima%20jinnah,%20Sana%20Fatima.pdf
❖ SALAHUDDIN KHAN. Speeches, Messages and Statements of Madr-i-millat Mohtarma Fatima Jinnah. (n.d.). Retrieved from
https://archive.org/stream/SpeechesMessagesAndStatementsOfMadar-i-MillatMohtaramaFatimaJinnah/231448480-Speeches-Messages-and-
Statements-of-Madar-i-Millat-Mohtarama-Fatima-Jinnah_djvu.txt
Interview:
❖ DSP Shehla’s interview on APWA
Documentary:
❖ Madr-i-millat by Express News Channel https://youtu.be/7leE7vUCt5s

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The Noble Lady

  • 1. THE NOBLE LADY A brief analysis of Social and Political services of Miss Fatima Jinnah BY : Ayman Khan Faazila Baig Ghazal Manzoor Hina Rafique Mahrukh Rizwan course : 300.2
  • 2. The story of Fatima Jinnah is a story of courage, humanity, discipline, faith, and unity. She devoted her entire life for Pakistan, yet most of the scholars, historians, politicians and researchers argue that Fatima Jinnah’s was popular only because she was Quaid’s sister. This was, no doubt, one of the most dominating aspects of her personality, and she deserved to be remembered being a sister of Quaid-i-Azam . But, if her role is examined in the history of Pakistan as a politician, as a social worker, as a doctor and as a role model for Pakistani women, it can safely be concluded that she was.. The voice of people and demand of time! 2
  • 3. SOCIAL ACTIVIST Fatima’s legacy is associated with her support for civil rights. After the partition, she appeared as a great social worker especially her contribution in the social development sector is quite laudable. She was more in social than political for women awakening and urging them to participate in national affairs to fight for their rights. Along with Begum Rana Liaquat Ali Khan, she had made the greatest contribution in the realm of women’s awakening and participation in national affairs, in their emancipation, their regeneration, and their empowerment. Indeed, since her early life Fatima Jinnah had served as a role model for Muslim girls/women in several areas as the various roles she had donned would indicate. She believed “Women who represented half of the population of the country could change the destiny of the nation”. She wanted the women to know their right place so they might develop a sense of duty. Settled Women Refugees: After the independence of Pakistan, she co-founded the “All Pakistan Women Association” (APWA), which played an integral role in the settlement of the women migrants in the newly formed country. Moreover, she formed the “Women Relief Committee”; during the transfer of power in 1947, which later formed the nucleus for APWA founded by Rana Liaquat Ali Khan. Together they played a vital role in the settlement of migrants in Pakistan. There are still hospitals, libraries and schools for underprivileged, in Karachi that are being run by APWA. Also there’s a hostel in Clifton for the girls who are self-reliant and migrating from other countries and cities, all in all there are uncountable services of APWA. 3
  • 4. 4 Motivated Women To Work: Fatima was fighting a war against illiteracy and polytechnic institutes because she wanted every lady to learn to work for self-development on self-help basis. She pleaded for the promotion of culture of love for labor and did her best to aware women to stand for their rights and to come forward to work on every aspect and to be strong in every step of life. Opened Technical Institutes: Fatima Jinnah is known for her contributions for the uplift of various segments of Pakistan society but her most important or special concern was about women who should also contribute in technical education, institutes and even in industrial workings, to play their part in the development of Pakistan equally as compared to men. For that she devoted herself to the cause of establishment of Women Industrial Homes and Institutions and inaugurated Muslim Women Industrial Home at Karachi, 1948. She addressed in her speech that women are brought to be helpless and only they know that they are dependent on the male members of the family weather its before or after marriage. Moreover, if something happened to the male or if they are not supported by them, where they will go and to whom they ask for help and support? These were the situations that none couldn’t understand unless they are for themselves in it or have gone through such circumstances. These were some of the issues Fatima stood to resolve and her strategy was simple, women should acquire knowledge and skills to earn and bring their children up properly. For that she emphasized on promoting of technical education in the country for women, so they should not be dependent. And, Her messages were not only about women or widows but for the young girls as well that they should also apply for technical and industrial work which will later help them to earn honorably and live independently. She also encouraged women for “handicrafts training”, and asked young ladies to learn to sew and ways of preparing popular and modern design, avoiding imitation of old and worn out designs. For that she provided a platform to women by opening Salika Sewing Institute in December 1951. That technical institutes should be opened not only in big cities but also in every nook and corner of the country, she said.
  • 5. 5 Opened Educational Institutes: Fatima had a realization that we have to work hard to be competent with the world of Science and technology. She strongly urged the ladies to come forward to acquire education and to work for physical and moral uplift which she considered very essential for social development of society as whole. For that she laid the foundation stone of “Sindh Madrassah Girls High School”, Karachi, 1947. Also, she was very particular to realize the youth their responsibility and potential for the development of Pakistan and opened “Khatoon-e-Pakistan” girls school in Karachi 1955, which later converted into college in 1962. It got 1lac of funds from Quaid and 13 Acre land from the government. She inaugurated the All Pakistan Meena Bazaar in 1964 at the Old Exhibition Ground, under the Punjab Muslim Women Sub-continent committee’s auspices, Lahore She believed that with knowledge and positive mindset they can better socialize the generations to come, they can turn the future for better society. You educate a man, you educate a man.. You educate a woman, you educate a generation! The impact of the services of Fatima for women can be seen till this day in 2018. Majority of the women in Pakistan are acquiring knowledge, they work, earn and stand for themselves next to men boldly. The woman today is so focused that even if there is some resistance form their family comes in her goals, she adjust herself but never gives up. Women today have an independent mindset, they strive hard to be self-sufficient so they won’t have to ask for others support for his or her child’s living. And it is Fatima, who set herself as an example and her true guidance that bring change. Promoted Urdu: There was a prime and immediate need of introducing “Urdu” Reason: Quaid gives importance to Urdu for 3 reasons 1. Medium of thought and expression 2. Most suited language 3.Rich in Islamic thoughts and ideologies For the progress of Urdu She founded “All Pakistan Anjuman-e-Taraqqi-e-Urdu” Service: it established colleges and rendered other services for Urdu. She asked people to help these colleges by making it progress with their support.
  • 6. PASSIONATE POLITICAL WORKER Her social services has largely been overshadowed by her political role. Fatima started her political career not as profession but as the aim of her life to serve the nation. She dreamt for Pakistan to be democratic, progressive and welfare-oriented, for which she struggled day and night throughout of her 38 years in politics. Her political journey is divided into three phases: Phase#1 : 1929-1947 This is the phase when she was just 36 and left her profession to support her brother after the death of his wife. She not only accompany him as a sister but as his right hand in politics as well, since she was a strong critic of British raj, leading member of All-India Muslim League who emerged as a strong advocate of Two-nation-theory. Also, she accompanied Lady Mount Batten to the constituent assembly and attended the transfer of power ceremonies at which Mount Batten handed over power to the provincial government of Pakistan. All in all, she can be seen everywhere with our Quaid in meetings where they both struggled hard in Pakistan movement for 18 years and winning a separate state, therefore, this phase is counted as the most successful one. Phase#2 : 1948-1964 This phase began right after the death of Quaid when everyone was trying to acquire power, forgotten the vision that Quaid left and ruling the country undemocratically. Worst still, the Muslim league was also started to divide. This was the point she entered the politics officially and broke the ice! 6
  • 7. Dynamic Political leader: • Worked for Muslim league It is agreed that throughout her political journey, she gave a sense of personal identification and realization to the women of newly born state, but she provided a platform not only to women but also to fragmented leaders of Pakistan. She did all possible efforts to strengthen the Muslim League and make it a democratic organization again, where people had the choice of electing their representatives. She Said; “I want the people to think and ponder over what lines the Muslim League should work… Definite lead should be given to built trust and confidence in people.” • Devoted freedom fighter: Whenever she felt that government was not performing well, she raised her voice and criticized it boldly and bravely, especially when it comes to violation of democracy. During the 1958 Martial Law imposed by Iskandar Mirza, she became against “dictatorship” as she believed that; “Stability of a country does not depend on one man alone! ..(its) people (who) are the real sovereign power for any democratic country.” Fatima was a pioneer and symbol of democracy in Pakistan, the way she understood it no one else did. In one of her speech she explained the concept and the insights of democracy to youth in these words when they demand for it; “Democracy pre supposes the existence of a certain intellectual, cultural, economic and physical level among people who want government of the people by the people for the people, where every one will have equal opportunity for development on the basis of equality, fair play, and justice. Where man can not exploit man for his own ends. True democracy requires that people will so equip themselves as to put men in position who are selected on the basis of their services to the people.” 7
  • 8. Also, she mentioned some of the factors to accept and to avoid to enable democracy to function, which are as under: • Personal ambitions • Corruption • Bribery • Nepotism • Strong character • Integrity • Selflessness Fatima used to see these as the viruses in the body of Pakistan, that’s eating it inside! To eliminate these viruses she strived for 10 years (from 1950 till 1960) to get the people their intrinsic democratic rights, independent media and rule of law. Later, General Ayub returned, formed a new constitution and enforced it on people. There was again a military dictatorship. Nation was not satisfied with the constitution, an atmosphere of disturbance was created and democracy was totally finished. Action: Fatima started the “movement of democracy, which continued till her death! Her severe anger and reaction to martial law showed her political understanding and wisdom • Explained the need of sovereignty: She believed that we can only be a sovereign state by progressing economically forward, as she said; “Economic well-being results in respect and independence, (and there is a need for) economic self-sufficiency among individuals and the nation as whole.” Action: She recurrently asked people in her speeches to stand up for their rights. Impact: Demands for fundamental rights and basic freedom, demonstrations, protest rallies and strikes by the labors, students, teachers, journalists, lawyers and railway men tore the deadly silence of the political landscape. This ended the decade of Ayub’s rule and he left Pakistan! 8
  • 9. • Concerned for Kashmir: She was also worried about Kashmir because issue was still unresolved. She suggested free plebiscite as the situation was getting worse like Palestine. It was important because Kashmir and its freedom was Quaid’s concern on his death-bed. Phase#3 : 1965-1967 She was in a continuous struggle to protect Quaid’s Pakistan and this time she fought against directly in presidential elections. She ran for the presidency of Pakistan as a candidate for the Combined Opposition Party of Pakistan (COPP) There were four candidates who participated in all, but the close-fight was between Fatima and Ayub, as she was the only candidate who stood against the dictator bravely! Being the advocate of democracy and her well-fare for the people, she got the most support when people got united against Ayub Khan’s dictatorship. This freedom and power was revitalized by Fatima Jinnah. But what happens in the results is illogical and appalling! She lost but still defeated him in two of Pakistan’s largest cities, Karachi and Dhaka. She also won in Hyderabad and narrowly lost in Peshawar. In KPK she really worked hard and took out women and men to vote, that wasn’t less than a challenge for her and we can see that impact to this day, in 2018 elections, the turnout of women in KPK was higher all over the country!. To conclude, there were several other politicians who were closely attached with Quaid-i-Azam but they did not play the role as Fatima Jinnah did. From 1947 to till 1967, she proved a spokesperson of her brother’s vision and ideas. The situations were never in her favor but she never step back and continued to rescue her brother’s country till her last breaths. And if she won, we would had a totally different Pakistan. 9
  • 10. FASCINATING PERSONALITY Fatima was a great lady with much of the intelligence, personality and iron will of the Quaid as well as a vision of Pakistan. Her personality played a key role and fuel her objectives to achieve. What she did for Pakistan wasn’t possible for any other woman, It’s her traits and charisma that united people under one platform. Interestingly, 90% of her achievements was due to her speeches as she was a very good orator and knew how to align people with her and Quaids objective. In her speeches she proved herself observant, appreciative, optimistic and upbeat, which encouraged people to respect and support her. Some of the elements of her personality are as under: Observant: She was able to feel the pulse of nation and articulate their innermost thoughts and yearnings. She always appreciated people, their courage and sacrifice, that they are contributing their full share. This clearly shows that she observed every detail and problems those people were going though, in sharing their part. Situationally aware: She can’t be easily fooled, she knew that all the politicians were only double-crossing the innocent nation to acquire power. She was fully aware of these enemies of Pakistan and compared them with disease. She asked the nation “I want you to find out the reasons for this disease which is eating into the body politics; find a remedy to cure it!” 10
  • 11. Verist: She had a very strong grip on realities. She made people realized that winning a separate state and getting independence is not enough, we have a lot of duties and the struggle is just begin, time for slogans is gone, it’s now time for constructive action, and continuous hard-work. Also she said, “the life of human being is a struggle, the life of a nation no less!” Humble: She never began or end her speech without a thank-note, without expressing gratitude to nation. This encouraged people to do more for their leader. Her motherly personality became a source of hope. She consolidated and coordinated with people and the same she asked in return to have a solid nation. Appreciative: With appreciation and understanding the situation of people and by working for them with utmost sincerity she won the hearts and minds of people. She lost her brother but gained people who supported her in taking Pakistan forward according to Quaids vision, they respected her like their mother, obeyed in whatever she appealed for, getting full response and her services were reciprocated. Loyal to brother: She was an ardent supporter of her brother , always reminded people the hardships their Quaid faced. This is how she awaken people by asking them to compare their problems with Quaid. And asked them that if he could stand for you, why don’t you stand for his vision? Truly a patriotic woman : She had a good understanding of her own culture and values. she said, “stand by your convictions and ideals, show character, courage and oral strength and refuseto be lured by temptations of material gains at the cost of the moral values” Also she said; “The supreme Interest of the country demands that everyone should curb personal ambition and dedicate himself to the cause of the unity and stability of Pakistan.” And this selfness of Fatima can be seen in her actions since she devoted her life for Pakistan, she never even married throughout her life! 11
  • 12. Problem Solver: Without revolutionary ideas, talent, hard work, and discerning power of judgment, a person can not get a prominent position in the history. Fatima was a blend of all these qualities. Problem#1: Thousands of women roam around aimlessly with their half-starved children in their laps. These women are economically dependent on male and helpless without them. This made them a burden on newly born state. Solution: when nobody seems to take notice of these women, Fatima thought to utilize this resource. Strategy: Asked women to gain knowledge and putting it into practice. On the side they’ll become independent and may serve nation by working in industries by selling crafts and clothes and we should buy to encourage them. LEARN EARN and TRADE ! Strategy :Asked women to build personal contacts with women of east Pakistan and vice versa. And interchange ideas. Problem#2 : Economic imbalance Strategy: Generate money from industrialization by utilizing skilled people and natural resources like cotton that we’ve the most according to world bank report. The industrialization can be started from hand loom clothes. Because they are made in larger quantity in Pakistan. We just need to find the market for that. Impact: Today we have more textile industries, more outlets like Khaadi, Alkaram etc, and more export of textile goods. She is the one who gave the idea of factories and industrial sector by emphasizing that “Industrialization is the key to progress in this era. Problem#3 : Poverty Strategy: The money from industrialization will be used in redistribution, to help eradicate the poverty and raise the standard of living of the common men. The prosperity of Pakistan depends on these two factors, she said. She killed three birds with one stone….masterstroke! 12
  • 13. Problem#4: It was said that the entire economic fabric of Pakistan would collapse at its initial stage. But this never happened and prophecies of our economic collapse failed! How: Businessmen migrated to Pakistan and shoulder responsibilities, International trade was in our favor, state bank of Pakistan floated, we got our own currency. Problem#5: The weight of Refugee was a gigantic problem and resistance/hurdle in the path of Pakistan to progress. Especially refugee settlement in Karachi. They were a burden on Pakistan, since they had no occupation and no place to live. Solution : Fatima considered it as the first priority of government to settle the refugees, women were settled through APWA and women relief committee. She could foresee the situation of Pakistan when it was gone into the hands of opportunists and provided us with some keys to hold on for the progress of the state. She said we can progress by; • By following true Islamic culture/tradition and organizing the society on healthy Islamic lines. • Economic well-being and self-sufficiency among individuals and the nation as whole, to be independent, sovereign and respected in international arena. • Careful attention towards economic condition because our economic engine solely works runs on agriculture. “WE CAN RISE BY ECONOMICALLY MOVING FORWARD!” • No exploitation, provide proper living for common men. • Modernize methods for industrial progress. • Higher Education. Not with the purpose of attaining degrees for self, but to serve country. • Democracy • Nation building To conclude, her ideas were relevant to our social, political and cultural development and can still be followed. Farsighted: 13
  • 14. 14 HURDLES Miss Jinnah’s existence as a Pakistani was wrought with disappointments, disillusionment and eventual isolation. Much has been speculated about her life as a Pakistani between 1947 and 1967 (the year she passed away). But one of the best and most authentic accounts of her disappointments arrived in the shape of a book. Dispute between the leaders of Muslim League: After the death of Quaid, conflicts and disputes erupted amongst member of the Pakistan Muslim league. When Fatima visited Lahore in 1949, the situation of Punjab became very critical and ultimately it led to its downfall, because everybody was trying to snatch their own benefits! Prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan called both leaders in Karachi and tried to reunite them but failed. Resultantly, one group headed by Nawab Mamdoot and other was led by Mumtaz Doltana. At that time, PM supported Mumtaz Doltana and pressurized Nawab Mamdoot to resign. In 1950, Nawab Mamdot organized a new Muslim League under the name of ‘Jinnah Muslim League’. Consequently, the ‘Governor Rule’ was imposed in Punjab. This made Fatima Jinnah perturbed and depressed!
  • 15. 15 Tragedy: She never wanted to participate in this treacherous and corrupt arena of politics. But still she entered politics just to protect Quaids legacy__Muslim league and Pakistan. Her journey wasn’t that easy, It was though and really a challenge! She could foresee the upcoming threat to United Pakistan after double martial law , and non-cooperative and anti- democratic atmosphere that prevailed at that time. Fatima was extremely shocked and hopeless to see that Ayub was same as Iskandar Mirza, who made conditions even worse. Political atmosphere was unfavorable for her, all the politicians were interested to get the highest leadership but no one was interested to solve issues. Banned and censored: Through her speeches she proved herself quite fearless, striking and bold. Many times her speeches were censored because her address were against the government as she openly and repeatedly said that Ayub government and his tailored made system is not suitable for Pakistan. Lawyer, Sharifuddin Pirzada said that when Miss Jinnah appeared on Radio Pakistan to announce her brother’s death, the state-owned radio channel’s director-general, Z A. Bokhari, got a call from a government official asking him to switch off Miss Jinnah’s speech the moment she began criticizing the government’s heartless attitude towards the founder of the country and how he was left to die in an old ambulance. She was also been under the pressure from government in disallowing her to publish her book “My Brother” because in it she laments how her brother was quickly ‘betrayed’ by even some of his closest comrades who had worked with him during the Pakistan Movement. She wrote that book in 1955, which was published 32 years later in 1987! Character Assassination: The U.S. Magazine (Time), while reporting on the 1965 election campaign, wrote that Fatima faced attacks on her modesty and patriotism by Ayub Khan. She was called as RAW agent working for them!
  • 16. 16 Rigged: 1965 election was not followed the International standard of election. All journalists were agreed on this opinion that election was rigged and in the favor of Ayub Khan. Since those elections were not fair Fatima lost even having winning majority in many cities. Proof: The turnout was 35%. It was proved that Ayub Khan used all government machinery to win the elections.Khawaja Nazimuddin s’ sudden death also effected the electioneering and the results. Faulty voters also played a role in the election of 1965. Moreover, she had a huge fan following, her defeat is clearly unjustifiable! Murdered: These anti-democratic attacks could never stop her efforts, she continued with what she aim for. She was never afraid of anyone and hide truth under someone's influence. This is what became the reason behind her death. Doctors told that she died of heart failure during her sleep. But she was not died of natural death but her death was a result of some violence because she was never been a heart patient throughout her life! Her family friends noticed scars on her neck on closer examination. They also alleged that they had seen marks of violence and even blood on her body. Her election agent Hassan A. sheikh also asserted that Mohtarma’s death was not natural. Also Sharifuddin Pirzada talked on the issue and shocked the nation by ‘disclosing’ at a public meeting that Miss Fatima Jinnah was murdered. Even Jinnah’s nephew Akber Pirbhai, insist that she was murdered. In her burial ceremony, there was significant participation of the ambassadors of other countries but a few government representatives were present. This clearly explains many things! Fatima was laid to rest without a post-mortem and death is still a controversial issue and a mystery! The patriotic heroine may be gone but her teachings are still preserved. The unforgettable and forceful role of Fatima Jinnah will remain alive as a source of guidance and spirit to the nation. And her charisma will keep inspiring the future generations to come!
  • 17. 17 REFERENCES From News Papers: ❖ Nadeem F. Paracha. (2014, May 04). Fatima Jinnah: A sister's sorrow. Retrieved from https://www.dawn.com/news/1103505 ❖ Salman, P. (2014, June 30). This week 50 years ago: Miss Jinnah's warning. Retrieved from https://www.dawn.com/news/1115975 ❖ Balouch, A. (2017, July 10). How Fatima Jinnah died - an unsolved criminal case. Retrieved from https://www.dawn.com/news/1159181 ❖ ‫کی‬ ‫جناح‬ ‫فاطمہ‬ ‫محترمہ‬ ‫ملت‬ ‫مادر‬125‫سالگرہ‬ ‫ویں‬( .2018, July 31). Retrieved from https://jang.com.pk/news/528373 ❖ ‫بچھڑے‬ ‫سے‬ ‫ہم‬ ‫کو‬ ‫جناح‬ ‫فاطمہ‬ ‫محترمہ‬ ‫ملت‬ ِ‫مادر‬50‫ہوگئے‬ ‫سال‬( .2017, July 9). Retrieved from https://jang.com.pk/news/343792-mother-of-nation- fatima-jinnah-died-before-50-years From Articles: ❖PROF. SHARIF AL MUJAHID. (n.d.). Fatima Jinnah: A Female Muslim Persona. Retrieved from https://hilal.gov.pk/eng-artical/fatima-jinnah:-a- female-muslim-persona/MTIwMw==.html From Books: ❖ RIAZ AHMED. (2003). Fatima Jinnah’s concern for Concern for Women’s Technical Education. Retrieved from https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/7203283.pdf ❖ SANA FATIMA. (2014). Fatima Jinnah’s Political Journey and her Controversial Death. Retrieved from http://www.nihcr.edu.pk/Latest_English_Journal/Pjhc%2035-2,%202014/5%20Fatima%20jinnah,%20Sana%20Fatima.pdf ❖ SALAHUDDIN KHAN. Speeches, Messages and Statements of Madr-i-millat Mohtarma Fatima Jinnah. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://archive.org/stream/SpeechesMessagesAndStatementsOfMadar-i-MillatMohtaramaFatimaJinnah/231448480-Speeches-Messages-and- Statements-of-Madar-i-Millat-Mohtarama-Fatima-Jinnah_djvu.txt Interview: ❖ DSP Shehla’s interview on APWA Documentary: ❖ Madr-i-millat by Express News Channel https://youtu.be/7leE7vUCt5s