2. INTRODUCTION
Infection is the one of the leading causes of the
preventable death in hospitals Every year. The center
of disease control and prevention estimated that there
are approximately 2 million preventable infections in
the hospital every year, leading to 90000 unnecessary
deaths.
3. DEFINITION OF INFECTION
An infection the entry and multiplication of an
infectious agent in tissues of host.
4. TYPES OF INFECTION
1. Generalized or systemic infection
2. Localized infection
10. TYPES OF INFECTION BASED
ON SOURCE
1. Community acquired infection.
2. Hospital acquired infection.
11. DEFINITION OF HOSPITAL
ACQUIRED INFECTION
A hospital acquired infection is usually one that first
appear 3 days after a patient is admitted to a hospital
or other health facility.
12. HEALTH CARE ASSOCIATED
COMMON INFECTIONS
1. Urinary tract infections.
2. Surgical wound infection.
3. Respiratory tract infections.
4. Catheter related blood stream infections, etc.
15. COMMON MICROORGANISMS
IN HOSPITAL/ICU
1. Staphylococcus aureus
2. Enterococcus
3. Pseudomonas
4. Klebsiella
5. E.coli
6. HIV
7. Hepatitis B
8. Hepatitis C
9. Cytomegalovirus
10. Candida
11. Protozoa
12. Mycobacterium
16. GOALS OF
INFECTION CONTROL
1. Immunization
2. Defining pre-causations
3. Restricting exposure
4. Protecting the patient and medical staff
5. Reducing number of pathogens
6. Implementing high standard
17. IMPORTANCE OF
INFECTION CONTROL
1. Prevent post procedure infection
2. Provide High quality and safe services
3. Prevent infections in service providers
4. Protect the community
5. Prevent antibiotic resistance
6. Lower the cost of health care services
21. FUNCTIONS OF INFECTION
CONTROL PROGRAME
Set relevant national objectives
Develop and periodically update guidelines
Develop a national system for monitoring
Harmonize initial and continue training programs
Facilitates access to materials of hygiene and safety
Encourage health care establishments to monitor
nosocomial infections.
22. COMPONETS OF INFECTION
CONTROL PROGRAME
Standard and additional precautions
Education and training of health care workers
Protection of health care workers (immunization)
Identification of hazards and minimizing risks.
Routine practices (asepsis)
23. Cont…
Effective work practices and procedures
Surveillance
Incident monitoring
Outbreak investigation
Infection control and specific situations and research
24. ORGANIZATION OF AN INFECTION
CONTROL PROGRAM
The hospital administrator/ head of institute should-
Establish an infection control committee which will in
turn appoint an infection control team
Provide adequate resources
27. EDUCATION AND TRAING OF
HEALTH CARE STAFF
Assess needs of the staff and provide required training
Organize regular training program
Provide periodic re-training
Review the effectiveness of training
29. 1. CONTROL OR ELIMINATION
OF INFECTIOUS AGENT
•Cleaning
•Asepsis
•Disinfection
•Sterilization
30. 2. CONTROL OR ELIMINATION
OF RESSERVOIRS
• Employee health (immunization)
• Hospital environment
• Handling of linen
• Pest control
• Visitors control
31. 3. CONTROL OF PORTAL OF
EXIT
Practice Aseptic precautions
Using Personal protective equipment's
Careful handing of waste
Coughing etiquette
32. 4. CONTROL OF
TRANSMISSION
Contact precautions
Droplet precautions
Airborne precautions
Vector control/pest control
Isolation
Hygienic cooking and handling of food
33. 5. CONTROL OF PORTAL OF
ENTRY
Maintain skin integrity
Preventing injuries/Bed sores
Maintain frequent oral hygiene
Closed dressing to wound
Ensure patient hygiene
Periodic changing of catheters
36. DEFINITION OF STANDARD
SAFETY MEASURES
Set of practices designed to prevent the transmission
of HIV, hepatitis B, and other blood borne pathogens
(bacteria and viruses)
37. STANDARD SAFETY
MEASURES / PRECAUTIONS
1. Hand hygiene
2. Personal protective equipment
3. Respiratory hygiene
4. Safe injection practice
5. Cleaning and disinfections
6. Safe handing of sharps
38. Cont…
7. Waste management
8. Linen or laundry management
9. Spill management
10. Pre and post prophylaxis
11. Immunization
