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Geothermal Energy Potential
State of Oregon
Discover the geothermal power
generation potential in your state.
Power	Genera*on		
Geothermal	energy	is	heat	from	the	Earth.	
It's	clean	and	sustainable.	Resources	of	
geothermal	energy	range	from	the	shallow	
ground	to	steam,	hot	water,	and	hot	rock	
accessed	by	drilling	wells	up	to	thousands	
of	feet	beneath	the	Earth's	surface.		The	
extremely	high	temperatures	in	the	deeper	
geothermal	reservoirs	are	used	for	the	
generaAon	of	electricity.	
	
Most	power	plants	use	steam	to	generate	
electricity.	The	high-pressure	steam	spins	a	
turbine	that	rotates	a	generator,	producing	
electricity.	The	largest	source	of	carbon	
emissions	in	the	U.S.	are	the	many	power	
plants	sAll	burning	fossil	fuels	to	boil	water	
for	steam.	Geothermal	power	plants,	
however,	do	not	burn	fuels	to	heat	water	
to	steam.		Instead,	they	use	natural	heat	
found	below	the	Earth's	surface	to	
generate	electricity.	
	
New	geothermal	power	plants	produce	
near-zero	CO2	and	emit	very	liKle	air	
polluAon.		
	
And	unlike	solar	or	wind	energy,	
geothermal	energy	is	available	around	the	
clock.	
	
BENEFITS	
Jobs Boost. Geothermal power plants employ about
1.17 persons per MW. Adding related governmental,
administrative, and technical jobs, the number
increases to 2.13.
Economy Boost. Over the course of 30 to 50 years
an average 20 MW facility will pay nearly $6.3 to $11
million dollars in property taxes plus $12 to $22
million in annual royalties. Seventy-five percent of
these royalties ($9.2 to $16.6M) go directly back to
the state and county.
Locally Produced. Geothermal power can offset
electricity currently imported into the state, keeping
jobs and benefits in state and local communities.
Near-Zero Carbon Emissions. Geothermal flash
plants emit about 5% of the carbon dioxide, 1% of
the sulfur dioxide, and less than 1% of the nitrous
oxide emitted by a coal-fired plant of equal size, and
binary geothermal plants – the most common –
produce near-zero emissions.
Small Footprint. Geothermal has among the
smallest surface land footprint per kilowatt (kW) of
any power generation technology.
Reliable. Geothermal power can provide consistent
electricity throughout the day and year - continuous
baseload power and flexible power to support the
needs of variable renewable energy resources, such
as wind and solar.
Sustainable Investment. Energy resource decisions
made now for sources of electric power have 40-50
year consequences, or longer. Using renewables
like geothermal resources avoids "price spikes"
inherent in fossil fuel resource markets. Geothermal
energy is an investment in stable, predictable costs.
Investing in geothermal power now pays off for
decades to come.
National Renewable Energy Laboratory
15013 Denver West Parkway
Golden, CO 80401
303-275-3000 + www.nrel.gov
NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S.
Department of Energy, Office of Energy
Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated
by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC.
NREL/AA-AA00-00000 • Month 2015
NREL prints on paper that contains
recycled content
Locally
produced
power:
In-state
electricity
production
Total	annual	power	consumpAon	from	coal	in	Oregon	in	2013	was	
157,000	GWh.		Geothermal	potenAal	in	the	state	is	as	much	as	
19,000	GWh	–	12%	of	the	state’s	power	consumpAon,	providing	
reliable	baseload	power.	
Reliable,
baseload
power:
2,435 MWe of
geothermal
potential
Geothermal	
PotenAal:	
12%	
Current	Oregon		
Electricity	
Produc*on	
Water use
reduction
Geothermal	power	has	substanAally	lower	life-cycle	water	
consumpAon	than	other	types	of	baseload	generaAon.	In	addiAon,	
geothermal	plants	normally	use	brackish	water	for	cooling	(when	
necessary)	that	would	not	be	fit	for	human	consumpAon	or	use.		
Geothermal	Power	Represents	Significant	Water	Savings	
Oregon’s	most	
promising	
Geothermal	
Resource	Areas	
Geothermal
plants can
operate for many
decades
providing stable
jobs to local
communi8es and
revenue to state
and municipal
treasuries.
Key	Iden*fied	Geothermal	
Resource	Sites	in	Oregon	
•  Neal	Hot	Springs,	Malheur	Co.	
•  Klamath	Falls	Area,	Klamath	Co.	
•  Paisley,	Lake	Co.	
•  Newberry	Volcano,	Deschutes	Co.	
•  Vale	Hot	Springs,	Malheur	Co.	
•  Crump	Geyser,	Lake	Co.	
•  Pueblo	Valley,	Harney	Co.	
•  Hot	(Borax)	Lake,	Harney	Co.	
•  Mickey	Hot	Springs,	Harney	Co.	
•  Lakeview	Area,	Lake	Co.	
•  Alvord,	Harney	Co.	
Policies	&	Incen*ves	
Federal	and	state	policies	and	
incenAves	helped	catapult	
renewable	energy	technologies,	
such	as	wind	and	solar,	into	the	
billion	dollar	industries	they	are	
today.		State	incenAve	programs	
that	help	developers	reduce	
upfront	risk	and	secure	power	
purchase	agreements	can	help	to	
incenAvize	geothermal	power	
development	in	the	state.	
Job Creation:
Construc*on:		
					7,000	person-years	
Opera*on:		
					2,700	full-Ame	jobs	
Geothermal Energy Association
http://www.geo-energy.org
Geothermal Resources Council
http://www.geothermal.org
Geothermal Exchange Organization
http://www.geoexchange.org
Oregon State Geologist
Brad Avy
(971) 971-1550
brad.avy@dogami.state.or.us
Oregon Geothermal Power Benefits
0	
200	
400	
600	
800	
1000	
1200	
Geothermal	 Nuclear	 Coal	 Natural	Gas	 CSP	
Life-Cycle	Water	Consump*on	
gal/MWh	
Other	Fossil	Fuels	
Natural	Gas	
Hydro	
Other	Renewables	
February	2016	
Calcula6ons	in	this	flyer	were	based	on	the	USGS	2008	Resource	Assessment.		Sources	for	other	
informa6on	in	this	flyer	can	be	obtained	by	contac6ng	the	Geothermal	Energy	Associa6on.	
Developing	the	
available	geothermal	
resources	can	create	
temporary	and	
permanent	jobs	and	
revenue	streams	in	
Oregon.
Geothermal Energy Potential
State of Oregon
Discover the geothermal direct-use
potential in your state.
Direct	Use	
BENEFITS	
Jobs	Boost.	Direct-use	geothermal	energy	projects	leverage	
exisAng	workforces	and	companies	within	the	state.	Their	
simple	design	and	construcAon	from	off-the-shelf	parts	can	
uAlize	local	engineering	firms,	geologists,	drilling	operators,	
construcAon	trades,	pipefiKers,	technicians,	and	welders.	A	
rough	predicAon	of	potenAal	job	opportuniAes	created	by	
installing	direct-use	systems	may	be	3	temporary	jobs	per	
MWth	during	construcAon,	with	1	full-Ame	job	per	MWth	for	
ongoing	operaAon.	
Economy	Boost.	Geothermal	heated	faciliAes	have	the	
potenAal	to	sAmulate	economies	through	increased	tax	
revenues,	the	creaAon	of	new	businesses	and	local	jobs,		
tourism,	agriculture,	and	enhanced	community	involvement.		
Locally	Produced.	Directly	using	geothermal	energy	in	
homes	and	commercial	operaAons,	such	as	food	producAon	
from	local	agriculture,	can	offset	imported	energy,	keeping	
jobs,	dollars,	and	other	benefits	in	local	communiAes.	
Carbon	Emission	Reduc*on.	Geothermal	direct-use	projects	
produce	near-zero	emissions.		Depending	on	the	exisAng	
heaAng	fuels	being	offset,	this	may	result	in	annual	
emissions	reducAons	of	anywhere	between	1,700	tons	(if	
offsehng	natural	gas)	to	9,300	tons	(if	offsehng	electricity)	
of	CO2	saved	per	MWth	of	installed	geothermal	direct-use	
capacity.		
Flexible	Hea*ng	Systems.	ApplicaAons	of	geothermal	direct	
use	may	include	district	heaAng,	snow	melAng,	spas	and	
pools,	agriculture,	food	processing,	and	other	uses.	Within	a	
single	system	these	diverse	applicaAons	can	be	“cascaded”	
and	work	together	in	the	most	efficient	way	possible	to	
ensure	the	maximum	benefit	and	lowest	costs	possible	from	
direct-use	systems.		
	
Reliable	and	Sustainable	Heat	Source.	Geothermal	heaAng	
projects	last	for	decades—typically	25	years	or	more—
providing	reliable	energy	at	a	low,	stable	price.	This	can	
provide	price	certainty	and	insulate	consumers	(and	the	
economy)	from	omen	unpredictable	fluctuaAons	in	fossil	fuel	
prices.
Geothermal	energy	is	heat	from	the	
Earth.	It's	clean	and	sustainable.	
Resources	of	geothermal	energy	range	
from	the	shallow	ground	to	hot	water	and	
hot	rock	accessed	by	drilling	wells	up	to	
thousands	of	feet	beneath	the	Earth's	
surface.		The	hoKest	reservoirs	are	used	
to	produce	electricity,	and	the	more	
common	moderately	hot	reservoirs	are	a	
ready	source	of	natural	heat,	without	
burning	fossil	fuels.	
	
Direct,	or	non-electric,	use	of	geothermal	
energy	refers	to	the	use	of	the	energy	for	
both	heaAng	and	cooling	applicaAons.	
Fluids	with	temperatures	of	<300°F,	
adequate	for	direct	use,	are	available	
throughout	much	of	the	United	States.	
	
Direct	use	of	geothermal	energy	in	homes	
and	commercial	operaAons	is	much	less	
expensive	than	using	tradiAonal	fuels;	
savings	can	be	as	much	as	80%!			
Furthermore,	direct-use	applicaAons	such	
as	fish	farms,	greenhouses,	
microbreweries,	fruit	and	vegetable	
drying,	spas,	pulp	and	paper	processing,	
and	lumber	drying	offer	aKracAve	and	
innovaAve	opportuniAes	for	local	
businesses	and	entrepreneurs.
National Renewable Energy Laboratory
15013 Denver West Parkway
Golden, CO 80401
303-275-3000 + www.nrel.gov
NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S.
Department of Energy, Office of Energy
Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated
by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC.
NREL/AA-AA00-00000 • Month 2015
NREL prints on paper that contains
recycled content
Carbon
emissions
reduction:
2.3 Million
metric tons
(MMtCO2)
Iden*fied	geothermal	direct-
use	sites	in	the	state	
Policies	&	Incen*ves	
Federal	and	state	policies	and	
incenAves	helped	catapult	
renewable	energy	
technologies,	such	as	wind	and	
solar,	into	the	billion	dollar	
industries	they	are	today.		
	
State	incenAve	programs	that	
help	developers	reduce	
upfront	risk	can	help	to	
incenAvize	geothermal	direct-
use	development	in	the	state.	
Reliable,
stable
heat:
34 Trillion
BTU
Locally
produced
energy
Geothermal	Direct-Use			
Projects	in	Oregon	
Geothermal	waters	have	been	
used	for	heaAng	homes	in	
Klamath	Falls	since	around	
1900.	Today,	the	city	boasts	a	
geothermal	district	heaAng	
system	that	provides	direct	
heat	for	homes,	schools,	
government	and	commercial	
buildings,	accounAng	for	18.7	
GWh	of	energy	use	and	saving	
14,940	tons	of	carbon	dioxide	
emissions	annually.	
The	total	esAmated	annual	heat	consumpAon	in	Oregon	is	102	Trillion	
BTU.	Developing	the	hydrothermal	direct-use	resources	in	Oregon	–	as	
much	as	34	Trillion	BTU	-		could	supply	a	third	of	Oregon’s	heaAng	
needs	with	clean,	renewable	geothermal	heat.	
	
Oregon’s	CO2	emissions	from	heaAng	are	nearly	7	MMtCO2	per	year.		
Developing	geothermal	direct-use	in	the	state	can	reduce	emission	by	
as	much	as	2.3	MMtCO2,	while	providing	reliable	energy	at	a	low,	
stable	price.	
Low-temperature	
hydrothermal	
potenAal	exists	
throughout	most	
of	the	state	of	
Oregon	with	
several	hundred	
locaAons	idenAfied	
by	the	USGS	as	
having	potenAal	
for	development.	
Direct-Use	
Hydrothermal	
Sites	in	Oregon	
Oregon Geothermal Direct Use Benefits
Geothermal Energy Association
http://www.geo-energy.org
Geothermal Resources Council
http://www.geothermal.org
Geothermal Exchange Organization
http://www.geoexchange.org
Oregon State Geologist
Brad Avy
(971) 971-1550
brad.avy@dogami.state.or.us
Current	Oregon	
Hea*ng	Fuel	Mix	
Geothermal	
PotenAal:	
33%	
Klamath	Falls	
Photo:	Wikimedia	Commons	
Electricity	
Natural	Gas	
Propane/LPG	
District	HeaAng	
Other	
Coal	
0	
1	
2	
3	
4	
5	
6	
7	
Current	HeaAng	Mix	 50%	Geothermal	
Development	
100%	Geothermal	
Development	
Annual	Hea*ng	Emissions		
million	metric	tons	of	CO2	
February	2016	
Calcula6ons	in	this	flyer	were	based	on	the	USGS	2008	Resource	Assessment.		Sources	for	other	
informa6on	in	this	flyer	can	be	obtained	by	contac6ng	the	Geothermal	Energy	Associa6on.
Geothermal Energy Potential
State of Oregon
Discover the geothermal heat pump
potential in your state.
Heat	Pumps	
Geothermal	energy	is	heat	from	the	Earth.	
It's	clean	and	sustainable.	Resources	of	
geothermal	energy	range	from	the	shallow	
ground	to	hot	water	and	hot	rock	
accessed	by	drilling	wells	up	to	thousands	
of	feet	beneath	the	Earth's	surface.		
Geothermal	heat	pumps	use	the	natural	
insulaAng	properAes	of	the	earth	from	just	
a	few	feet	underground	to	as	much	as	
several	hundred	feet	deep,	offering	a	
unique	and	highly	efficient	renewable	
energy	technology	for	heaAng	and	cooling.		
	
Most	work	by	circulaAng	water	in	a	closed	
system	through	a	“loop	field”	installed	
horizontally	or	verAcally	in	the	ground	
adjacent	to	or	even	beneath	a	building.		
Heat	is	taken	from	the	building	and	
transferred	to	the	ground	in	the	summer.		
The	system	is	reversible,	and	heat	is	taken	
from	the	ground	and	used	in	the	building	
in	the	winter.		The	system	only	moves	
heat,	which	is	much	more	efficient	than	
using	a	fuel	or	electricity	to	create	heat.	
	
Geothermal	heat	pumps	can	support	
space	heaAng	and	cooling	needs	in	almost	
any	part	of	the	country.	
BENEFITS	
Economic. On average, a typical home of 2000
square feet will require 4 tons of heating and cooling
capacity with an average system installation cost
between $5,000 and $7,500 per ton.
Energy Efficient. Geothermal heat pumps use 25%
to 50% less energy than conventional heating or
cooling systems.
Carbon Emissions Reduction. One ton (12,000
BTU/hr) of GHP capacity over a 20 year operating
cycle avoids 21 metric tons of CO2 emissions. So a
typical home system can avoid 80-100 metric tons of
CO2 emissions.
Improved Indoor Air Quality & Safety. There is no
combustion in a geothermal heat pump; therefore
there is no chance of carbon-monoxide poisoning. By
adding high-efficiency air cleaners with geothermal,
these systems can improve inside air quality.
Locally Produced. Everywhere. Unlike other
geothermal technologies, heat pumps are not limited
by geography or geology. They can be installed in
most locations in any of the 50 states or territories of
the U.S.
Sustainable Investment. The lifespan of a
geothermal system is usually greater than 24 years.
A conventional furnace will last 7-10 years with
regular maintenance. The ground loop of the
geothermal system has a warranty of 50 years.
These loops are made up of high-density
polyethylene pipe, the same pipe which is used in
city gas lines.
Quiet Operation. Unlike air conditioners, there is no
outdoor unit. Geothermal units are very smooth and
quiet in operation.
Average	annual	savings	when	replacing	a	household	system	with	a	
geothermal	heat	pump.	When	mulAple	systems	are	replaced	(e.g.,	
space	heaAng	and	cooling	and	water	heaAng),	savings	are	addiAve.	
Policies	&	Incen*ves	
Federal	and	state	policies	and	
incenAves	helped	catapult	
renewable	energy	technologies,	
such	as	wind	and	solar,	into	the	
billion	dollar	industries	they	are	
today.		
	
States	can	use		tax	incenAves,	
including	property	and	sales	tax	
incenAves,	and	tax	credits	to	
provide	an	incremental	
moAvaAon	for	geothermal	
development.		
0%	 20%	 40%	 60%	 80%	 100%	
Electric	heat	pump	
Electric	heater	
Natural	gas	furnace	
Propane/LPG	furnace	
Fuel	oil	furnace	
Original		
System	
Retrofit		
GHP	System	
Geothermal	Heat	Pumps						
in	Oregon	
Geothermal	heat	pumps	are	
effecAve	for	all	sizes	of	buildings	
from	small	homes	to	large	
buildings.	Oregon	Zoo	in	
Portland	uses	a	geothermal	
system	to	keep	their	polar	bears	
cool	and	elephants	warm.	The	
geothermal	loop	reduces	
greenhouse	gas	emissions	from	
the	exhibit	by	40%	and	serves	as	
the	primary	heat	source	for	one	
of	the	country's	largest	indoor	
elephant	faciliAes.		
	
Carbon
emissions
reduction:
Over 50% for
most systems
Household
cost
savings:
$100s in cost
savings each
year
Public &
commercial
buildings
savings
Oregon Geothermal Heat Pump Benefits
Geothermal Energy Association
http://www.geo-energy.org
Geothermal Resources Council
http://www.geothermal.org
Geothermal Exchange Organization
http://www.geoexchange.org
Oregon State Geologist
Brad Avy
(971) 971-1550
brad.avy@dogami.state.or.us
Photo:	Kate	Young	
$0	 $100	 $200	 $300	 $400	 $500	 $600	 $700	 $800	
Electric	heat	pump	
Electric	heater	
Natural	gas	furnace	
Central	air	condiAoner	
Room	air	condiAoner	
Both	central	and	room	AC	
Electric	water	heater	
Water	Hea*ng	
Space	cooling	
Space	hea*ng	
February	2016	
Percentage	reducAon	of	CO2	emissions	from	a	geothermal	heat	pump	
(GHP)	retrofit	for	a	typical	home	in	the	Western	United	States.	For	
example,	a	retrofihng	a	fuel	oil	furnace	with	a	GHP	system	will	reduce	
CO2	emissions	by	62%.	
	
Public	and	commercial	buildings,	such	as	schools,	universiAes,	prisons,	and	
hospitals,	can	be	retrofiKed	with	geothermal	heat	pumps	and	provide	cost-
savings	to	the	state’s	–	and	other	uAlity	rate	payer’s	–	energy	bills.	The	
picture	above	is	an	example	of	a	commercial	size	verAcal	loop	system.	
These	systems	are	quiet,	last	for	several	decades,	and	reduce	the	state’s	
dependence	on	fossil	fuels	for	heaAng	and	cooling	needs.		
	
Calcula6ons	in	this	flyer	were	based	on	the	USGS	2008	Resource	Assessment.		Sources	for	other	
informa6on	in	this	flyer	can	be	obtained	by	contac6ng	the	Geothermal	Energy	Associa6on.

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Geothermal Energy Potential - Oregon

  • 1. Geothermal Energy Potential State of Oregon Discover the geothermal power generation potential in your state. Power Genera*on Geothermal energy is heat from the Earth. It's clean and sustainable. Resources of geothermal energy range from the shallow ground to steam, hot water, and hot rock accessed by drilling wells up to thousands of feet beneath the Earth's surface. The extremely high temperatures in the deeper geothermal reservoirs are used for the generaAon of electricity. Most power plants use steam to generate electricity. The high-pressure steam spins a turbine that rotates a generator, producing electricity. The largest source of carbon emissions in the U.S. are the many power plants sAll burning fossil fuels to boil water for steam. Geothermal power plants, however, do not burn fuels to heat water to steam. Instead, they use natural heat found below the Earth's surface to generate electricity. New geothermal power plants produce near-zero CO2 and emit very liKle air polluAon. And unlike solar or wind energy, geothermal energy is available around the clock. BENEFITS Jobs Boost. Geothermal power plants employ about 1.17 persons per MW. Adding related governmental, administrative, and technical jobs, the number increases to 2.13. Economy Boost. Over the course of 30 to 50 years an average 20 MW facility will pay nearly $6.3 to $11 million dollars in property taxes plus $12 to $22 million in annual royalties. Seventy-five percent of these royalties ($9.2 to $16.6M) go directly back to the state and county. Locally Produced. Geothermal power can offset electricity currently imported into the state, keeping jobs and benefits in state and local communities. Near-Zero Carbon Emissions. Geothermal flash plants emit about 5% of the carbon dioxide, 1% of the sulfur dioxide, and less than 1% of the nitrous oxide emitted by a coal-fired plant of equal size, and binary geothermal plants – the most common – produce near-zero emissions. Small Footprint. Geothermal has among the smallest surface land footprint per kilowatt (kW) of any power generation technology. Reliable. Geothermal power can provide consistent electricity throughout the day and year - continuous baseload power and flexible power to support the needs of variable renewable energy resources, such as wind and solar. Sustainable Investment. Energy resource decisions made now for sources of electric power have 40-50 year consequences, or longer. Using renewables like geothermal resources avoids "price spikes" inherent in fossil fuel resource markets. Geothermal energy is an investment in stable, predictable costs. Investing in geothermal power now pays off for decades to come.
  • 2. National Renewable Energy Laboratory 15013 Denver West Parkway Golden, CO 80401 303-275-3000 + www.nrel.gov NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC. NREL/AA-AA00-00000 • Month 2015 NREL prints on paper that contains recycled content Locally produced power: In-state electricity production Total annual power consumpAon from coal in Oregon in 2013 was 157,000 GWh. Geothermal potenAal in the state is as much as 19,000 GWh – 12% of the state’s power consumpAon, providing reliable baseload power. Reliable, baseload power: 2,435 MWe of geothermal potential Geothermal PotenAal: 12% Current Oregon Electricity Produc*on Water use reduction Geothermal power has substanAally lower life-cycle water consumpAon than other types of baseload generaAon. In addiAon, geothermal plants normally use brackish water for cooling (when necessary) that would not be fit for human consumpAon or use. Geothermal Power Represents Significant Water Savings Oregon’s most promising Geothermal Resource Areas Geothermal plants can operate for many decades providing stable jobs to local communi8es and revenue to state and municipal treasuries. Key Iden*fied Geothermal Resource Sites in Oregon •  Neal Hot Springs, Malheur Co. •  Klamath Falls Area, Klamath Co. •  Paisley, Lake Co. •  Newberry Volcano, Deschutes Co. •  Vale Hot Springs, Malheur Co. •  Crump Geyser, Lake Co. •  Pueblo Valley, Harney Co. •  Hot (Borax) Lake, Harney Co. •  Mickey Hot Springs, Harney Co. •  Lakeview Area, Lake Co. •  Alvord, Harney Co. Policies & Incen*ves Federal and state policies and incenAves helped catapult renewable energy technologies, such as wind and solar, into the billion dollar industries they are today. State incenAve programs that help developers reduce upfront risk and secure power purchase agreements can help to incenAvize geothermal power development in the state. Job Creation: Construc*on: 7,000 person-years Opera*on: 2,700 full-Ame jobs Geothermal Energy Association http://www.geo-energy.org Geothermal Resources Council http://www.geothermal.org Geothermal Exchange Organization http://www.geoexchange.org Oregon State Geologist Brad Avy (971) 971-1550 brad.avy@dogami.state.or.us Oregon Geothermal Power Benefits 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 Geothermal Nuclear Coal Natural Gas CSP Life-Cycle Water Consump*on gal/MWh Other Fossil Fuels Natural Gas Hydro Other Renewables February 2016 Calcula6ons in this flyer were based on the USGS 2008 Resource Assessment. Sources for other informa6on in this flyer can be obtained by contac6ng the Geothermal Energy Associa6on. Developing the available geothermal resources can create temporary and permanent jobs and revenue streams in Oregon.
  • 3. Geothermal Energy Potential State of Oregon Discover the geothermal direct-use potential in your state. Direct Use BENEFITS Jobs Boost. Direct-use geothermal energy projects leverage exisAng workforces and companies within the state. Their simple design and construcAon from off-the-shelf parts can uAlize local engineering firms, geologists, drilling operators, construcAon trades, pipefiKers, technicians, and welders. A rough predicAon of potenAal job opportuniAes created by installing direct-use systems may be 3 temporary jobs per MWth during construcAon, with 1 full-Ame job per MWth for ongoing operaAon. Economy Boost. Geothermal heated faciliAes have the potenAal to sAmulate economies through increased tax revenues, the creaAon of new businesses and local jobs, tourism, agriculture, and enhanced community involvement. Locally Produced. Directly using geothermal energy in homes and commercial operaAons, such as food producAon from local agriculture, can offset imported energy, keeping jobs, dollars, and other benefits in local communiAes. Carbon Emission Reduc*on. Geothermal direct-use projects produce near-zero emissions. Depending on the exisAng heaAng fuels being offset, this may result in annual emissions reducAons of anywhere between 1,700 tons (if offsehng natural gas) to 9,300 tons (if offsehng electricity) of CO2 saved per MWth of installed geothermal direct-use capacity. Flexible Hea*ng Systems. ApplicaAons of geothermal direct use may include district heaAng, snow melAng, spas and pools, agriculture, food processing, and other uses. Within a single system these diverse applicaAons can be “cascaded” and work together in the most efficient way possible to ensure the maximum benefit and lowest costs possible from direct-use systems. Reliable and Sustainable Heat Source. Geothermal heaAng projects last for decades—typically 25 years or more— providing reliable energy at a low, stable price. This can provide price certainty and insulate consumers (and the economy) from omen unpredictable fluctuaAons in fossil fuel prices. Geothermal energy is heat from the Earth. It's clean and sustainable. Resources of geothermal energy range from the shallow ground to hot water and hot rock accessed by drilling wells up to thousands of feet beneath the Earth's surface. The hoKest reservoirs are used to produce electricity, and the more common moderately hot reservoirs are a ready source of natural heat, without burning fossil fuels. Direct, or non-electric, use of geothermal energy refers to the use of the energy for both heaAng and cooling applicaAons. Fluids with temperatures of <300°F, adequate for direct use, are available throughout much of the United States. Direct use of geothermal energy in homes and commercial operaAons is much less expensive than using tradiAonal fuels; savings can be as much as 80%! Furthermore, direct-use applicaAons such as fish farms, greenhouses, microbreweries, fruit and vegetable drying, spas, pulp and paper processing, and lumber drying offer aKracAve and innovaAve opportuniAes for local businesses and entrepreneurs.
  • 4. National Renewable Energy Laboratory 15013 Denver West Parkway Golden, CO 80401 303-275-3000 + www.nrel.gov NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC. NREL/AA-AA00-00000 • Month 2015 NREL prints on paper that contains recycled content Carbon emissions reduction: 2.3 Million metric tons (MMtCO2) Iden*fied geothermal direct- use sites in the state Policies & Incen*ves Federal and state policies and incenAves helped catapult renewable energy technologies, such as wind and solar, into the billion dollar industries they are today. State incenAve programs that help developers reduce upfront risk can help to incenAvize geothermal direct- use development in the state. Reliable, stable heat: 34 Trillion BTU Locally produced energy Geothermal Direct-Use Projects in Oregon Geothermal waters have been used for heaAng homes in Klamath Falls since around 1900. Today, the city boasts a geothermal district heaAng system that provides direct heat for homes, schools, government and commercial buildings, accounAng for 18.7 GWh of energy use and saving 14,940 tons of carbon dioxide emissions annually. The total esAmated annual heat consumpAon in Oregon is 102 Trillion BTU. Developing the hydrothermal direct-use resources in Oregon – as much as 34 Trillion BTU - could supply a third of Oregon’s heaAng needs with clean, renewable geothermal heat. Oregon’s CO2 emissions from heaAng are nearly 7 MMtCO2 per year. Developing geothermal direct-use in the state can reduce emission by as much as 2.3 MMtCO2, while providing reliable energy at a low, stable price. Low-temperature hydrothermal potenAal exists throughout most of the state of Oregon with several hundred locaAons idenAfied by the USGS as having potenAal for development. Direct-Use Hydrothermal Sites in Oregon Oregon Geothermal Direct Use Benefits Geothermal Energy Association http://www.geo-energy.org Geothermal Resources Council http://www.geothermal.org Geothermal Exchange Organization http://www.geoexchange.org Oregon State Geologist Brad Avy (971) 971-1550 brad.avy@dogami.state.or.us Current Oregon Hea*ng Fuel Mix Geothermal PotenAal: 33% Klamath Falls Photo: Wikimedia Commons Electricity Natural Gas Propane/LPG District HeaAng Other Coal 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Current HeaAng Mix 50% Geothermal Development 100% Geothermal Development Annual Hea*ng Emissions million metric tons of CO2 February 2016 Calcula6ons in this flyer were based on the USGS 2008 Resource Assessment. Sources for other informa6on in this flyer can be obtained by contac6ng the Geothermal Energy Associa6on.
  • 5. Geothermal Energy Potential State of Oregon Discover the geothermal heat pump potential in your state. Heat Pumps Geothermal energy is heat from the Earth. It's clean and sustainable. Resources of geothermal energy range from the shallow ground to hot water and hot rock accessed by drilling wells up to thousands of feet beneath the Earth's surface. Geothermal heat pumps use the natural insulaAng properAes of the earth from just a few feet underground to as much as several hundred feet deep, offering a unique and highly efficient renewable energy technology for heaAng and cooling. Most work by circulaAng water in a closed system through a “loop field” installed horizontally or verAcally in the ground adjacent to or even beneath a building. Heat is taken from the building and transferred to the ground in the summer. The system is reversible, and heat is taken from the ground and used in the building in the winter. The system only moves heat, which is much more efficient than using a fuel or electricity to create heat. Geothermal heat pumps can support space heaAng and cooling needs in almost any part of the country. BENEFITS Economic. On average, a typical home of 2000 square feet will require 4 tons of heating and cooling capacity with an average system installation cost between $5,000 and $7,500 per ton. Energy Efficient. Geothermal heat pumps use 25% to 50% less energy than conventional heating or cooling systems. Carbon Emissions Reduction. One ton (12,000 BTU/hr) of GHP capacity over a 20 year operating cycle avoids 21 metric tons of CO2 emissions. So a typical home system can avoid 80-100 metric tons of CO2 emissions. Improved Indoor Air Quality & Safety. There is no combustion in a geothermal heat pump; therefore there is no chance of carbon-monoxide poisoning. By adding high-efficiency air cleaners with geothermal, these systems can improve inside air quality. Locally Produced. Everywhere. Unlike other geothermal technologies, heat pumps are not limited by geography or geology. They can be installed in most locations in any of the 50 states or territories of the U.S. Sustainable Investment. The lifespan of a geothermal system is usually greater than 24 years. A conventional furnace will last 7-10 years with regular maintenance. The ground loop of the geothermal system has a warranty of 50 years. These loops are made up of high-density polyethylene pipe, the same pipe which is used in city gas lines. Quiet Operation. Unlike air conditioners, there is no outdoor unit. Geothermal units are very smooth and quiet in operation.
  • 6. Average annual savings when replacing a household system with a geothermal heat pump. When mulAple systems are replaced (e.g., space heaAng and cooling and water heaAng), savings are addiAve. Policies & Incen*ves Federal and state policies and incenAves helped catapult renewable energy technologies, such as wind and solar, into the billion dollar industries they are today. States can use tax incenAves, including property and sales tax incenAves, and tax credits to provide an incremental moAvaAon for geothermal development. 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Electric heat pump Electric heater Natural gas furnace Propane/LPG furnace Fuel oil furnace Original System Retrofit GHP System Geothermal Heat Pumps in Oregon Geothermal heat pumps are effecAve for all sizes of buildings from small homes to large buildings. Oregon Zoo in Portland uses a geothermal system to keep their polar bears cool and elephants warm. The geothermal loop reduces greenhouse gas emissions from the exhibit by 40% and serves as the primary heat source for one of the country's largest indoor elephant faciliAes. Carbon emissions reduction: Over 50% for most systems Household cost savings: $100s in cost savings each year Public & commercial buildings savings Oregon Geothermal Heat Pump Benefits Geothermal Energy Association http://www.geo-energy.org Geothermal Resources Council http://www.geothermal.org Geothermal Exchange Organization http://www.geoexchange.org Oregon State Geologist Brad Avy (971) 971-1550 brad.avy@dogami.state.or.us Photo: Kate Young $0 $100 $200 $300 $400 $500 $600 $700 $800 Electric heat pump Electric heater Natural gas furnace Central air condiAoner Room air condiAoner Both central and room AC Electric water heater Water Hea*ng Space cooling Space hea*ng February 2016 Percentage reducAon of CO2 emissions from a geothermal heat pump (GHP) retrofit for a typical home in the Western United States. For example, a retrofihng a fuel oil furnace with a GHP system will reduce CO2 emissions by 62%. Public and commercial buildings, such as schools, universiAes, prisons, and hospitals, can be retrofiKed with geothermal heat pumps and provide cost- savings to the state’s – and other uAlity rate payer’s – energy bills. The picture above is an example of a commercial size verAcal loop system. These systems are quiet, last for several decades, and reduce the state’s dependence on fossil fuels for heaAng and cooling needs. Calcula6ons in this flyer were based on the USGS 2008 Resource Assessment. Sources for other informa6on in this flyer can be obtained by contac6ng the Geothermal Energy Associa6on.