This document provides an overview of the topics covered in a presentation on flight mechanics, takeoff, and landing. The core topics include basics of atmosphere, aircraft classification, airplane configuration, flight instruments, aerodynamic forces, and airplane performance including takeoff, landing, climb, descent, stability, and equations of motion. The presentation will focus on takeoff and landing performance, outlining the different segments of ground roll for takeoff and approach/flare/ground roll distances for landing, as well as factors that influence accelerated performance like drag, minimum control speeds, and decision speeds. References for further information are provided.

1. FLIGHT MECHANICS
TAKEOFF & LANDING
Presented by - Ganesh Natarajan S
Target Audience: Gate Aerospace, Aeronautical and Aerospace Engineering Students, etc.

2. CORE TOPICS
Basics: Atmosphere: Properties, standard atmosphere. Classification of aircraft. Airplane (fixed
wing aircraft) configuration and various parts. Pressure altitude; equivalent, calibrated, indicated
air speeds; Primary flight instruments: Altimeter, ASI, VSI, Turn-bank indicator. Angle of
attack, sideslip; Roll, pitch & yaw controls. Aerodynamic forces and moments.
Airplane performance: Drag polar; takeoff and landing; steady climb & descent; absolute and
service ceiling; range and endurance, load factor, turning flight, V-n diagram. Winds: head, tail
& cross winds.
Static stability: Stability & control derivatives; longitudinal stick fixed & free stability;
horizontal tail position and size; directional stability, vertical tail position and size; lateral
stability. Wing dihedral, sweep & position; hinge moments, stick forces.
SPECIAL TOPICS
Dynamic stability: Euler angles; Equations of motion; Decoupling of longitudinal and lateral-
directional dynamics; longitudinal modes; lateral-directional modes.
SYLLABUS

3. Outline
Let’s Start
TAKEOFF & LANDING
Previous Lessons Drag polar
Take-off Performance
• Segments of Ground Roll
• (Sg) Ground roll
• (Sa) Airborne distance
Landing Performance
• (Sa) Approach distance
• (Sf) Flare distance
• (Sg) Ground Roll
Physical Significance

4. Accelerated Performance
Takeoff Performance
The distance covered by an airplane along the runway before it lifts into the air?
Landing Performance
What is distance required to land an airplane?

5. 1. Vstall: Stalling velocity (L=W)
2. Vmcg: minimum control speed on the
ground (Vertical Fin-Rudder)
3. Vmca: minimum control speed in the air
4. V1: decision speed
5. VR: takeoff rotational speed (Elevator)
6. Vmu: minimum unstick speed (AOA)
7. VLO: lift-off speed (1.1 Vstall)
Take-off Performance: Segments of Ground Roll
Book Reference: Aircraft Performance & Design, J.D. Anderson. (2010). Pg.No: 353-355.

6. Take-off Performance

7. Take-off Performance: Ground Roll

8. Take-off Performance: Ground Roll

9. Take-off Performance: Ground Roll

10. Take-off Performance: Ground Roll

11. Take-off Performance: Ground Roll

12. Take-off Performance: Ground Roll

13. Take-off Performance: Ground Roll

14. Take-off Performance: Airborne Distance

15. Take-off Performance

16. Landing Performance

17. Landing Performance: Approach & Flare Distance

18. Landing Performance: Ground Roll

19. Landing Performance

20. Book Reference
• Introduction to Flight, J.D. Anderson (7th Edition); Chapter 6 – Elements of
Airplane Performance; Pg.No: (520-529/945).
• Aircraft Performance & Design, J.D. Anderson . (2010). Chapter 6 – Airplane
Performance: Accelerated Flight; Pg.No: (353-375).
TAKEOFF & LANDING

21. Summary
Take-off
Landing
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