indian exports of floriculture

1. FLORICULTURE

2. What is Floriculture ?
• Floriculture, or flower farming, is a discipline
of horticulture concerned with the cultivation of flowering
and ornamental plants for gardens and for floristry,
comprising the floral industry. The development,
via plant breeding, of new varieties is a major occupation
of floriculturists.
• Floriculture crops include bedding plants, houseplants,
flowering garden and pot plants, cut cultivated greens,
and cut flowers.

3. TABLE OF CONTENT
• INTRODUCTION
• VARIETY OF PRODUCTS
• AREAS OF CULTIVATION
• FLOWER VARIETIES
• INDIA- FACTS AND FIGURES
• EXPORTS
• INDIVIDUAL SUB-PRODUCTS
• ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN FLORICULTURE
• INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT OF COMMERCIAL
FLORICULTURE

4. INTRODUCTION
• India is bestowed with several agro-climatic zones
conducive for production of sensitive and delicate
floriculture products. During the decade after
liberalization floriculture industries took giant steps in the
export arena. This era has seen a dynamic shift from
sustenance production to commercial production.
• As per National Horticulture Database published by
National Horticulture Board, during 2012-13 the area
under floriculture production in India was 232.74
thousands hectares with a production of 1.729 million
tonnes loose flowers and 76.73 million tonnes cut
flowers.

5. • Floriculture is now commercially cultivated in several
states with West Bengal (32%), Karnataka (12%)
Maharashtra (10%), having gone ahead of other
producing states like Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Punjab,
Haryana, Andhra Pradesh, Orissa, Jharkhand, Uttar
Pradesh and Chhattisgarh.
• Indian floriculture industry comprises of flowers such as
Rose, Tuberose, Glads, Anthurium, Carnations, Marigold
etc. Cultivation is undertaken in both open farm
conditions as well as state-of-the-art poly and
greenhouses.

6. • India's total export of floriculture was Rs. 455.90 crores
in 2013-14. The major importing countries were United
States, Netherlands, Germany, United Kingdom, United
Arab Emirates, Japan and Canada. There are more than
300 export-oriented units in India. More than 50% of the
floriculture units are based in Karnataka, Andhra
Pradesh and Tamil Nadu. With the technical
collaborations from foreign companies, the Indian
floriculture industry is poised to increase its share in
world trade.
• India has also been exporting fruits and vegetable seeds
and exports during 2013-14 stood at Rs. 410.53 crores.
Pakistan, United States, Bangladesh, Netherland, Italy,
and Thailand were the major markets of India’s fruits and
vegetable seeds.

7. • Government of India has identified floriculture as a
sunrise industry and accorded it 100% export oriented
status. Owing to steady increase in demand of flower
floriculture has become one of the important Commercial
trades in Agriculture. Hence commercial floriculture has
emerged as hi-tech activity-taking place under controlled
climatic conditions inside greenhouse. Floriculture in
India, is being viewed as a high growth Industry.
Commercial floriculture is becoming important from the
export angle. The liberalization of industrial and trade
policies paved the way for development of export-oriented
production of cut flowers. The new seed policy
had already made it feasible to import planting material
of international varieties. It has been found that
commercial floriculture has higher potential per unit area
than most of the field crops and is therefore a lucrative
business. Indian floriculture industry has been shifting
from traditional flowers to cut flowers for export
purposes. The liberalized economy has given an impetus
to the Indian entrepreneurs for establishing export
oriented floriculture units under controlled climatic
conditions.

8. • Agricultural and Processed Food Products
Export Development Authority (APEDA), is
responsible for export promotion and
development of floriculture in India.

9. Varieties
Floriculture products mainly consist of
• cut flowers,
• pot plants,
• cut foliage,
• seeds bulbs,
• tubers,
• rooted cuttings and dried flowers or
leaves.

10. • The important floricultural crops in the
international cut flower trade are rose ,
carnation ,chrysanthemum, gargera,
gladiolus, gypsophila, liastris, nerine,
orchids, archilea, anthuriu, tulip, and lilies.
• Floriculture crops like gerberas, carnation,
etc. are grown in green houses.
• The open field crops are chrysanthemum,
roses, gaillardia, lily marigold, aster,
tuberose etc

11. Areas of Cultivation:
• Maharashtra, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh,
Haryana, Tamil Nadu , Rajasthan , West
Bengal have emerged as major floriculture
centers.

12. FLOWERS VARIETY
Chrysanthemum
• Chrysanthemum is mainly grown in Madhupur and
Deoghar districts (Bihar); Anand, Vadodara, Surat,
Navsari and Valsad (Gujarat); Bangalore, Dharwad,
Belgaum, Hosur and Malur (Karnataka); Indore, Ratlam
and Ujjain (Madhya Pradesh); Ahmednagar and Pune
(Maharashtra); Ajmer, Pushkar; Udaipur and Kota
(Rajasthan) and Madurai, Chingleput and Coimbatore
(Tamil Nadu)
• Plant Description:
It is a partly woody erect perennial herb or sub shrub up
to 1m in height with alternate thick leaves. The
inflorescence consists of many flower heads. Each
flower head has numerous florets - the disk florets and
ray florets.

14. • Centre of Origin : Northern hemisphere mainly Europe
and Asia
• Pollination System : Cross pollinated
• Chromosome No. : 2n=36,45,47,51
• Botanical Name : Chrysanthemum morifolium
• Family : Asteraceae

15. VARIETIES:
• Ajina Purple :
This variety is developed by NBRI, Lucknow. It is a
regular incurve type of chrysanthemum with very large
flowers. Ray florets of this variety are narrow to broad.
Florets are very smoothly incurved in a pattern to form a
perfect ball. Disc is not visible.
• Snowball :
This variety is developed by NBRI, Lucknow. It is a
regular incurve type of chrysanthemum with very large
flowers. Ray florets of this variety are narrow to broad.
Florets are very smoothly incurved in a pattern to form a
perfect ball. Disc is not visible.

16. • Potomac :
This variety is developed by NBRI, Lucknow. It is a
single large flowered type of variety. Ray florets of this
variety are long, elongated and straplike. Number of
whorl of florets restricted upto four. The disc is
conspicuously visible.
• M-24 :
This variety is developed by NBRI, Lucknow. It is a large
flowering variety of spoon type. Ray florets of this variety
are tubular with spatula like open tips. The size of open
portion varies. Disc visible.

17. Gladiolus
• Area Under Cultivation
Gladiolus is mainly cultivates in Maharashtra, Karnataka,
West Bengal, Punjab, Himachal Pradesh and Uttar
Pradesh.
• Plant Description
It is a herbaceous plant bearing underground storage
stems known as corms from which arise sword shaped
foliage bearing terminal inflorescences of flowers known
as spikes
• Centre of Origin :- Tropical and south africa
• Pollination System :- Cross/Self pollinated
• Chromosome No. :- 2n=30 to 120
• Botanical Name :- Gladiolus x hybrida

19. Varieties
• Archana :
This variety is released by NBRI, Lucknow. It is a cross
between G. psittacinus 'Sylvia' x G. 'Friendship'. The
spike is branched with a mean spike length of 80cm. The
petals have a central white streak with the throat
blotched with prime rose yellow. There are 16-18
florets/spike.
• Basant Bhar:
This variety is released by NBRI, Lucknow. It is a
seedling produced by selfing G. 'Tunias Challenge'.
Mean spike length is 50cm. The florets are Empire
Yellow with throats speckled magenta. There are 14
florets/spike

20. • Gazel :
This variety is released by NBRI, Lucknow. It is a
seedling produced by selfing G. 'White Friendship'. Mean
spike length is 35cm. The florets are Fuchsine pink with
darker tips and linear shading while the throat is persian
yellow. There are 14-18 florets/spike
• Jwala :
This variety is released by NBRI, Lucknow. It is a
seedling produced by selfing G. psittacinus hybrid. The
spikes are branched with a mean spike length of 65cm.
The florets are Vermilion with sparingly spread long liner
streaks of Vermilion. There are 14-18 florets per spike.

21. Jasmine
• Area Under Cultivation:
In India, jasmines are cultivated throughout the country
but the commercial cultivation is confined to Coimbatore,
Madurai, and Dindigul(Tamil Nadu); Bangalore, Bellary,
Mysore and Kolar (Karnataka); Knnauj, Jaunpur and
Gazipur (Utter Pradesh); Udaipur, Jaipur, Ajmer and
Kota (Rajasthan); Ranaghat, Kolaghat, Pancskura (West
Bengal); parts of Andhra Pradesh and Maharastra.
• Plant Description
It is a climbing, trailing and erect shrub; there are both
evergreen and deciduous species with pinnate or simple
leaves and fragnant flowers containing the oil of
commerce.

23. • Centre of Origin:- Spain and surrounding areas / East
indies
• Pollination System:- Cross pollinated
• Chromosome No:- 2n=26,39
• Botanical Name:- Jasminum grandiflorum /J. sambac

24. Varieties & Its Characteristics
• Parimullai
This variety belongs to the species Jasminum
auriculatum (Jui). It has a medium round bud with
flowering duration of about 9 months/year. It is resistant
to gall mite. The average yield is 8t/ha,.
• CO 1
This variety belongs to the species Jasminum
auriculatum (Jui). Flowers of this variety have a long
corolla tube and thus easy to harvest. The average yield
is 8.8 t/ha

25. • CO 2
This variety belongs to the species Jasminum
auriculatum(Jui). Flower buds of this variety are bold with
long corolla tube. It is tolerant to phyllody disease. The
average yield is 11.1 t/ha.
• CO-1 (Pitchi)
This variety belongs to the species Jasminum
grandiflorum(Chameli). It is released by T.N.A.U.,
Coimbatore. It is suitable for loose flower production and
oil extraction. The average flower yield is about 10
t/ha/year while the estimated concrete yield is 29 kg/ha.

26. Marigold
• Marigold is normally cultivated in Maharashtra,
Karnataka, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and
Madhya Pradesh.
• Botanical Name :-
Various species and hybrids of dendrobium,
cymbididium and vanda.
• Plant Discription :-
They are a group of perennial herbs of varying habit.
Having cylindrical, thread like elongated and branched
roots covered by spongy water absorbing
structurescalled as velamen. The morphology depends
according to the species.
• Centre of Origin :- Worldwide according to species
• Pollination System :- Self/Cross pollinated

28. VARIETIES
• Atlantis Mixed F
Early blooming, double orange and yellow coloured
flowers.
• Crackerjack
Flowers gold, orange and yellow coloured.
• Discovery Mixed F
Flowers dwarf, compact, orange and yellow coloured.
• Galore Mixed F
Flowers having gold, orange and yellow shades.
• Orange Galore F
Flowers with vivid orange colour

29. Tuberose
• The chief centres of its commercial production, in India,
are: Devanahalli, Tumkur, Kolar, Belgaum and Mysore
(Karnataka); Pune, Nashik, Ahmednagar and Thane
districts (Maharashtra); Guwahati and Johrat (Assam);
Udaipur, Ajmer and Jaipur (Rajasthan); Navsari and
Valsad (Gujarat); Coimbatore and Madurai districts
(Tamil Nadu); East Godavari and Guntur (Andhra
Pradesh) and Midnapur district (West Bengal).

31. • Plant Description:-
It is a half hardy, herbaceous perennial with fibrous
roots, 60 to 120 cm high, having a bulb like tuberous
rootstock and fleshy leaves linear , grass like foliage.
The foliage is narrow at the base and wider at the top
and is arranged in a rosette at the base.
• Centre of Origin :- Mexico
• Pollination System :- Cross pollinated
• Chromosome No. :- 2n=30
• Botanical Name :- Polianthes tuberosa
• Family :- Amaryllidaceae

32. VARIETIES
• 'Rajat Rekha'
It is a single flowered variety released by NBRI,
Lucknow. The flowers have silvery white streaks along
the middle of blade.
• Shringar
It is a single flowered variety released by IIHR,
Bangalore. The flower bud is attractive with slightly
pinkish tinge. Its loose flowers are ideal for making
garland while spikes can be used as cut flowers. Yield of
loose flowers is about 15,000 kg/ha/yr. Shringar is
preferred by farmers and industries due to its higher
flower yield.

33. • 'Single Mexican'
It is a single flowered variety. Produces maximum
flowers during October-December, which is considered
as lean months for tuberose flowers yield.
• Svarna Rekha
It is a double flowered variety released by NBRI,
Lucknow. The flowers are double and the leaf margin is
streaked with golden yellow.
• Suvasini
It is a double flowered variety released by IIHR,
Bangalore. It is a cross between 'Single' and 'Double'.
This variety produces more flowers per spike. The spikes
are best suited for cut flowers.

34. India Facts and Figures:
• About 232.74 thousand hectares area was
under Cultivation in floriculture in 2012-13.
Production of flowers are estimated to be
1.729 million tonnes loose flowers and
76.73 million tonnes cut flowers in 2012-
13.

35. Exports:
• The country has exported 22,485.21 MT of
floriculture products to the world for the
worth of Rs. 455.90 crores in 2013-14.

36. Major Export Destinations
(2013-14)
• United States,
• Netherlands,
• Germany,
• United Kingdom,
• United Arab Emirates,
• Japan and
• Canada were major importing countries of
Indian floriculture during the same period.

39. Individual Sub – Products :

40. • Bulbs, Tubers ,
Tuberous Roots
• Bulbs Horticultural
• Chicory plants
• Other Bulb/Tubers
• Unrooted Cuttings
• Edible Fruit Trees
Grafted or Not
• Cactus
• Rhododendrons
(Grafted Or Not)
- Plant For Tissue Culture
- Flowering Plants
- Other Live Plants
- Live Mushrooms Spawn
- Cut Flowers For
Bouquet’s/Fresh
- Other Cut Flowers For
Bouquet’s
- Moosses & Lichens For
Bouquet Fresh
- Other Foliages/Buds For
Bouquet Fresh

41. Entrepreneurship in Agriculture
& Allied Sectors
Floriculture
• Commercial floriculture has been of recent origin though
the traditional flower cultivation has been going on for
centuries. Emphasis has been shifting from traditional
flowers to cut flowers for export purposes. The
liberalization of economy since 1991-92 has given an
impetus to the Indian entrepreneurs for establishing
export oriental floriculture unit under controlled climatic
conditions. Maharashtra, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh
and Haryana have emerged as major floriculture centres
in recent times. At present the total area under
floriculture cultivation is about 73,970 ha. with a
production of 4.60 lakh tonnes of loose flowers and 1155
lakh (numbers) of cut flowers.

42. • Department of Agriculture and Cooperation under the
Ministry of Agriculture is the nodal organisation
responsible for development of the floriculture sector. It
is responsible for formulation and implementation of
national policies and programmes aimed at achieving
rapid agricultural growth through optimum utilization of
land, water, soil and plant resources of the country. The
Horticulture Division in the Department of Agriculture and
Co-operation is vested with the responsibility of
overseeing the overall accelerated development of the
sector. It has been set up with a mandate to implement
the programmes for improving the production,
productivity and utilisation of horticultural crops, support
and formulate policies aimed for accelerated growth of
horticulture, facilitate the availability of disease free
planting material and seeds of horticultural crops,
provide the leadership and co-ordinate activities for the
promotion of horticulture, etc.

43. • Several schemes have been initiated by the Government
for promotion and development of the floriculture sector.
Integrated Development of Commercial Floriculture is
one such scheme implemented with the objectives of
improve production and productivity of traditional as well
as cut flowers through availability of quality planting
material and transfer technology, improve human
resource capabilities for growing flowers scientifically,
promote production of off season and quality flowers
through protected cultivation as well as improve on farm
post harvest handling of flowers.State Governments
have set up separate departments for promotion and
development of the sector in their respective States.

44. Organizational Framework
• Department of Agriculture and Cooperation under
the Ministry of Agriculture is the nodal organization
responsible for development of the floriculture sector.
It is responsible for formulation and implementation of
national policies and programmes aimed at achieving
rapid agricultural growth through optimum utilization of
land, water, soil and plant resources of the country.
• It undertakes all possible measures to ensure timely
and adequate supply of inputs and services such as
fertilizers, seeds, pesticides, agricultural implements
and also provides agricultural credit, crop insurance
and ensures remunerative returns to the farmer for
their agricultural produce.

45. The Horticulture Division in the Department of Agriculture
and Co-operation is vested with the responsibility of
overseeing the overall accelerated development of the
sector. It has been set up with a mandate to:
• Implement the programmes for improving the production,
productivity and utilization of horticultural crops.
• Support and formulate policies aimed for accelerated
growth of horticulture.
• Facilitate the availability of disease free planting material
and seeds of horticultural crops.
• Provide the leadership and co-ordinate activities for the
promotion of horticulture.

46. • Work as facilitator for the transfer of technology to
farmers and promote the use of information technology.
• Promote better utilization and increased consumption of
horticultural produce to ensure higher returns to farmers
and nutritional security to people.
• Develop strong base for the supply of inputs, transfer of
technology and human resource developmental
activities.
• Promote horticulture in NE Region, hills, tribal &
backward areas for improving economic status of
people.

47. Ministry of Food Processing
Industry
• It is the main central agency of the Government
responsible for developing a strong and vibrant food
processing sector. It has been set up with a view to
create increased job opportunities in rural areas, enable
the farmers to reap benefit from modern technology,
create surplus for exports and stimulate demand for
processed food.
The subjects looked after by the Ministry are :
• Fruits and vegetable processing industry;
• Food grain milling industry;
• Dairy products;

48. • Processing of poultry and eggs, meat and meat
products;
• Fish processing;
• Bread, oilseeds, meals (edible), breakfast foods,
biscuits, confectionery(including cocoa processing and
chocolate), malt extract, protein isolate, high protein
food, weaning food;
• Alcoholic drinks from non-molasses base;
• Aerated waters / soft drinks and other processed foods;
• Specialized packaging for food processing industries; as
well as
• Technical assistance and advice to food processing
industry.
State Governments have set up separate departments
for promotion and development of the sector in their
respective States. Some of them are the following.

49. Department of Food Processing
Industries And Horticulture,
Government Of West Bengal
The department has taken several initiatives for the
development of the sector:
• The state government is setting up a hi-tech floriculture
park at Mungpoo in North Bengal. This park would
provide common infrastructure to the entrepreneurs, who
lack resources to build the required infrastructure.
• The state government through the West Bengal State
Food Processing and Horticulture Development
Corporation Ltd is planning to set up a market complex
for flowers with cold chain infrastructure for preserving
flowers at Mullickghat, Kolkata.

50. • A comprehensive multistoried flower market with
facilities for cold storage has recently come up at
Panskura under the state government initiative.
• The Department of Food Processing Industries and
Horticulture, Govt. of West Bengal is planning to set up a
market complex, exclusively for flowers at Ranaghat.

51. Department of Horticulture, Government of
Karnataka
• Karnataka is a progressive state in the field of modern
horticulture in the country. The diverse agro-ecological
conditions prevailing in Karnataka has made it possible
to grow different types of horticultural crops such as
fruits, vegetables, flowers, spices, plantation crops, root
and tuber crops, medicinal and aromatic crops etc.
Karnataka is the 3 rd largest producer of fruits and
stands 5th position in area and production of vegetable
crops. State stands 1st in area and 3rd in production of
flower crops. It occupies 2nd and 3rd position with
respect to area and production of plantation crops.
Karnataka is the largest producer of Spices, Aromatic
and Medicinal crops.
• Government of Karnataka is considering fruit and
vegetable processing sector as a thrust area for
development. With growing urbanization and increasing
quality consciousness, the market for processed fruit and
vegetable is expected to grow rapidly. Therefore, there is
enormous potential for developing agro products.
•

52. Policies and Schemes
Several significant initiatives have been taken in recent
years by the Government in order to reverse the
downward trend in agricultural production. Some of
these important initiatives include:
• Bharat Nirman;
• National Rural Employment Guarantee Programme;
• National Horticulture Mission;
• Expansion of Institutional Credit to Farmers;
• Establishment of the National Bee Board;
• Establishment of the National Rainfed Area Authority;
• Establishment of the National Fisheries Development
Board (NFDB);
• Watershed Development and Micro Irrigation
Programmes;
• Reforms in Agricultural Marketing and Development of
Market Infrastructure;

53. • Revitalization of Cooperative Sector;
• Agri-business Development through Venture Capital
Participation by the Small Farmer Agri-business
Consortium;
• Reform and Support for Agriculture Extension Services;
• National Rural Health Mission;
• National Food Security Mission;
• Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana to incentivize the states to
invest more in agriculture;
• Integrated Food Law;
• Legislative Framework for Warehousing Development
and Regulation;
• Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers' Rights
(PPVFR) Act, 2001;
• National Bamboo Mission; and
• Knowledge Connectivity through Common Service
Centres (CSC) and IT initiatives

54. Integrated Development of
Commercial Floriculture
Objectives:
• Improve production and productivity of traditional as well
as cut flowers through availability of quality planting
material and transfer technology.
• Improve human resource capabilities for growing flowers
scientifically.
• Promote production of off season and quality flowers
through protected cultivation.
• Improve on farm post harvest handling of flowers.

55. Pattern of Assistance:
• Specific attention for development of traditional flowers.
• Strengthening of Model Floriculture Centres for
additional facilities and extension of MFC in other
potential States.
• Improvement in productivity and production through
higher use of inputs and area expansion
• Assistance for off-season production of flowers
• Emphasis on on-farm post-harvest management of
flowers.
• Encouragement for greenhouse cultivation of flowers.
• Farmer participatory demonstration of cultivator
technology
• Dissemination of Information through training and media
support

59. REFRENCES:
• http://nhb.gov.in/bulletin-flowers.html
• http://www.apeda.gov.in/apedawebsite/Su
bHead_Products/Floriculture.htm
• http://www.business.gov.in/agriculture/flori
culture.php
• http://india.gov.in/topics/agriculture/floricult
ure
• http://agriexchange.apeda.gov.in/product_
profile/prd_profile.aspx?categorycode=010