automotive textiles

1. By: Granch Berhe
2015
Textiles in TransportationTextiles in Transportation

2. Automotive textileAutomotive textile
(Mobiltex/Mobiltech)(Mobiltex/Mobiltech)

3. Introduction
• Transportation is the largest user of technical
textiles
• Textiles provide a means of decoration and a
warm soft touch to surfaces that are
necessary features for human well being and
comfort
• Textiles are also essential components of the
more functional parts of all road vehicles,
trains, aircraft and sea vessels.

4. Land – Air/Space - Water
• upholstery, car interior, carpets
• tires, car elements, filters,
• Heat, cable & sound insulation,
• safety systems - airbags, seat belts
• Protective covers for land crafts, boats, aircrafts
• sailcloth, inflatable boats
• Envelopes of balloons
• Special equipment for military vehicles,
MOBILTECH
Some of these textiles are visible while the others are concealed.
Visible components: upholstery, carpets, seat belts, headliners etc.
Concealed components – tyre cords, hoses, belts, airbags, air and fuel filters, noise and
vibration dampening and body panel reinforcement in composites etc.

5. Textile Materials used in Car Interiors

7. Low density, Low absorbency and Better StrengthLow density, Low absorbency and Better Strength

8. FIBRE COMPOSITION IN AUTOMOTIVES
APPLICATION AREAS FIBRES / PRODUCTS USED
UPHOLSTERY Polyester, wool, nylon, acrylic
TYRE CORDS & FABRICS Polyester, Nylon, HT * rayon, steel & aramid
COMPOSITE Glass, carbon, aramid, HT polyester & polyethylene
RUBBER REINFORCEMENT HT polyester, aramid
SEAT BELTS HT polyester
AIRBAGS Nylon - 6,6, nylon - 4,6
CARPETS Nylon, polyester, polypropylene

9. Car seat
Requires considerable technical
input to produce both the
aesthetic and also the very
demanding durability
requirements
•Not easily removable for
cleaning
•Much more rigorous use than
domestic furniture.
•Withstand much higher
exposure to daylight and
damaging ultraviolet radiation
(UV)
•Stringent safety requirements

10. factors
comfort, safety - reduced flammabilityweight saving

11. A further recurring requirement of
textiles involving passenger
transport is cleanability
The stresses of modern living require transportation interiors to be more pleasing
and mentally relaxing, to ease travelling and to make journeys more enjoyable.

12. Fiber requirement
• UV degradation and color fastness
• Reduced flammability
• Soil Repelency
• Durability – abrasion
• The fabrics need to be resistant to mildew,
hard wearing and strong with high tear
strength.
• Soil resistance and easy cleanability
Only polyester, nylon and polypropylene are generally
acceptable, although wool is used in some more expensive
vehicles because of its aesthetics and comfort.

13. Car seat covers
• Trilaminate consisting of face
fabric and polyurethane foam
with a scrim lining on the back
– Scrim - This fabric acts as a
‘slide aid’ when the seat cover
is sewn and when it is pulled
over the foam seat body.

14. Headliners
Other functions
air filters- activated carbon
nonwoven carpets-polypropylene
warp-knitted nylon, or PVC, or non woven
modern headliners are multilayer materials
for sound insulation
Nylon 6.6 and nylon 6 are the primary fibres
for headliners.
fine deniers of polyester or polypropylene also
used

15. Airbags

16. Fibers for airbag
Filament yarn made from nylon 6.6 is strong, resistant
to ageing, and abrasion resistant.
The most important and commercially accepted fibre
for airbag manufacturing is nylon 6.6, although some
airbags are made of nylon 6 and polyester
The modulus of the yarn is lower than that of polyester.
This characteristic facilitates a uniform distribution of
stress peaks across the nylon fabric during dynamic
loading when the airbag inflates, which results in fewer
unnecessary injuries

17. Automotive Carpet
1. Decorative top layer of fiber
Tufted BCF nylon or needle punched PET
or PP back, latex coated with SBR or
acrylic latex
1. Thermoplastic material for thermal
moulding
Polyethylene powder, meldable fibers,
EVA or further thick layer of compounded
SBR latex
1. Acoustic & vibration damping layers
Heavy layer of shoddy fibers or PU foam

18. Tires
The tyre is the interface between a
vehicle and the road surface. A tyre
is a textile reinforced composite
structure where various textile
components are embedded in a
rubber matrix
The textile carcass (known as the
casing) is the backbone structure of
a tyre and it is made of high
tenacity tyre cords.
other textile components : belt,
breaker fabric, chafer fabric, filler
fabric, and bead wrapping fabric

19. Tire cords
Tyre cords are produced from high
tenacity, continuous filament nylon
6, nylon 6.6, polyester or viscose
(normally used in the casing
structure)
Breaker or belt layers are
made of high modulus
fibres, frequently para-
aramid (e.g. Kevlar), glass,
or steel.
Nylon 6 and nylon 6.6 fibres : provided unique strength, excellent
adhesion and high fatigue strength, they had poor resistance to
flat-spotting-corrected by heat setting
Global automotive radial-ply tyre casings are reinforced with
polyester (polyethylene terephthalate) fibres. However, polyester tyre
cord needs a 2-stage dipping process compared to the 1-stage process
used for nylon and viscose cords . Amongst the high-tenacity tyre
cords, polyester creeps the least under load.

20. Viscose : Although nylon and polyester tyre cords are stronger than viscose,
viscose is superior to nylon in high-speed impact. Polyester also resists high-speed
impact well, but loses modulus and strength faster than viscose at 150°C.
Viscose's dimensional stability to moisture is not good but the fibre is easier to
process than nylon and polyester.
Glass fibre has a relatively high modulus and strength compared to other high-
tenacity reinforcing fibres such as nylon, polyester, and viscose. These properties are
successfully utilised in the belt of bias-belted tyre construction
steel cord: high strength and stiffness, is used for belt construction in radial
automotive tyres.
Steel cord reinforced radial-ply tyres provide high puncture and cut resistance. They
help to increase tread life. Steel cord sidewalls absorb flexing better than other
materials
Kevlar particularly for high performance car tyres. lighter tyres for better performance.
Outstanding thermal resistance, very good thermomechanical responses, accompanied
by good fatigue resistance and dimensional stability, make Kevlar an ideal fibre to
reinforce high speed tyres for rally and racing

21. Tire processing

23. SulfronSulfron

24. Other technical car parts