2. Queen of Sheba - The
First Traveller
“Sheba's desire to encounter Solomon was
ardent enough for her to embark on a 1400
mile journey, across the desert sands of
Arabia, along the coast of the Red Sea, up into
Moab, and over the Jordan River to
Jerusalem. Such a journey required at least six
months time each way, since camels could
rarely travel as much as 20 miles per day.”
3. Evolution of International Tourism
FOUR MAJOR PERIODS OF TOURISM
DEVELOPMENT
Period Before 1840 A.D. ( From Greek,
and Roman Periods up to 1840)
Development of Seaside Resorts
The Grand Tour
Industrial revolution in Europe and its
impact on International tourism
4. 2. Age of Rail and Water Transport
(1840 – 1914)
Impact of railways on horse driven
carriages
Thomas Cook’s travels
Development of Seaside Resorts
Take over of ferry services by railway
5. 3. Period Beginning from 1914 to the
mid 20th
century
1st
World War and it’s impact on
International tourism
6. 4. 2nd
Half of the 20th
Century
Introduction of high powered jet air
crafts for air travel
Other factors affecting tourist mobility
7. Greek & Roman Period
Very first travelers were Babylonians,
Phoenicians and Polynesians
Mode of Travel: primitive canoes
Navigation Tools: moon and stars
Romans traveled on horseback
Travel Motives: Pleasure, Religious Reasons
Destinations: Greece, Mediterranean Countries
8. Women Travelers of the Classical
Period
St. Sylvia of Aquitane
Fabiola
Melania
Paula
9. The Grand Tour
Popularized during the 16th
and 17th
century among
the European and American Land owners)
“ grand Tour” was considered as a sign of prestige
First “Grand Tour” was in 1670 A.D. ( Popular
destinations were France and Italy)
Golden Era of the “Grand Tour” began after the 7 year
war which lasted from 1756- 1763 A.D.
Between 1763-1765 A.D. 40000 British Travelers have
visited Europe.
10. Collapse of the “Grand Tour”
Political instability in France and in other
European countries due to the French
Revolution (1789)
Changes occurred regarding the purpose of
travel
Development of “Spas”
11. Development of “Spas”
Evolution of “Spas” dates back to the classical
periods of tourism development
Development of “Spas” was accelerated with the
educational renaissance in Europe
Popular “Spas” in Briton
Bath, Baxton,Tunbridge, Epson
By the end of the 18th
century number of “Spas”
in Briton has exceeded 100.
12. Decline of “Spas”
“Spa” areas had to be developed to meet the needs
of the residential population
Loss of initial quality of the “Spa”, due to the
provision of various facilities to the incoming
high spending tourists
Exceeding the carrying carrying capacity of the
“Spa”
areas
Emergence of seaside holiday resorts
13. Development of Seaside Resorts
Dr. Richard Russel’s article on sea water, in 1752A.D.
(Rheumatism, Abdominal Disorders, Syphilis)
Special Features of “Seaside Resorts”
Seaside resorts were located close to Spas
State sponsorship
14. Industrial Revolution in Europe
Industrilisation led to temporary movement of
people to rural areas
Development of coastal towns ( facing the
Atlantic ocean) as important harbors
Ex: Bristol , Liverpool, Glasgow
15. 2 nd
Period- 1840-1914
Age of Rail and Water Transport
The first train track , from Manchester to Liverpool
was built in 1830
By 1845 Bristol, Leeds and Birmingham was linked
with London
Development Status of the total rail track
1845 - 2500 miles
1850 - 7000 miles
At the end of the 19th
century - 22,000 miles
By 1881 - more than 100 railway companies were in
operation
16. Thomas Cook’s Travels
1841 – From Leicester to Lowborough
1850 – Day trips to rural areas, and week end
trips
1851 - Leicester to London (London Exhibition)
the first package tour
1855 - To Paris ( Paris Exhibition)
1865 - An office to promote tourism was opened
In London.
1866 - Introduced a travel Magazine
1867 - Trip to America (unsuccessful)
17. Growth of Seaside Resorts
Growth of Rail Transport , and better
accessibility
Industrialization and its impact on the
environment
Old “inns” replaced by Modern Hotels
Construction of Middle Class hotels in towns
In 1860, all ferry services operating between
Europe and Ireland was taken over by the
railway companies
18. Impact of Steamships on Travel
Steam Ships services across Atlantic Ocean
began in 1820, and continued for 50 years
In 1840 Cunard Shipping Company , and
Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation,
Companies were formed
In 1870 “Oceanic” was launched
In 1870 Mauretania ( The Greyhound of the
Ocean) was launched
19. From 1914 to the mid 20th
century
A period of continuous progress in travel
Reasons:
Existing facilities for travel through railways & steamships
Political stability in Europe
Until 1860, visa permits were not required to visit Europe
1st
world war and its impact on travel – visa requirements were
enforced to visit European Countries
Large scale migration between European Countries
Rail services declined, Number of companies were reduced to 4
Motor car became very popular. Pioneering motor companies were
Duryea and Studbaker Brothers, Carl Benz,Louis Renault, Ettore
Bugatti
20. From 1914 to the mid 20th
century ( Continued)
Air travel facilities were established on a
competitive basis
French Air Ways, K. L.M. Royal Dutch Air
Lines, Lufthansa,
In 1924 Imperial Airways was established
1930 British Air Ways was formed
In 1940, B O A C was created joining the
previous 2
21. From 1914 to the mid 20th
century ( Continued)
Steps taken during 1930s, to promote individual
mobility
Holiday Camps for low income persons,
initiated by Billy Bulton In 1936
Important holiday Camps:
Black Pool,Scar Borough,South end, Brighton,
Seaside Holiday Camps : Broad Stairs Skegness,
Clown Bay
22. Second Half of the 20th
Century
Golden era of Tourism Development
Paid leave for employees
Introduction of more reliable, speedy jet
aircrafts ( Ex Boeing 707)
Introduction of Boeing 747 in 1970, (Seating
capacity 400, )
Commencement of Charter Flights in 1950.
23. Reasons for the popularity of Charter Flights
Availability of numerous aircrafts in Europe
and America, after the war.
Acceptance of Social Equality among
Europeans
Growth of the the motive of visiting seaside
resorts among common people,
Tour operators ambition of popularizing ‘
Charter Flights”
Beginning of Sun, Sea, and Sand Tourism
24. Other factors Associated with Tourism
Development (2nd
half of the 20th
century)
Measures adopted to develop the “Potential
demand”
Provision of paid Leave to employees
Granting a limited percentage of money (from
the employees salary)as a bonus
Introduction of “Travel Now, Pay Later”
scheme.
Introduction of concessionary prices on trains
for group travels
Emergence of “Travel Clubs”
25. Tourism policy in U.S.A.
Advances in technology-Supersonic jets,
Electric Trains
Theme Parks Disney Land in Florida
Disney Land in France
Disney Land in Japan
Tampa Gardens
Advances in Communication Technology
Other factors Associated with
Tourism Development
(2nd
half of the 20th
century)