Disruptive & Breakthrough innovations alter our world. Some domains of Technology are altering and evolving at a pace that is almost alarming. However, the future is never predictable and a breakthrough technology in a domain can revolutionaries the way the world works and conducts without much warning. The Moore's Law was expected to hit a plateau and now with advent of Quantum computing it has again become relevant and computational speeds may even outpace Moore's Law. The material technologies including nano-science will continue to excite the researchers and Bio-sciences with synergising affects of other domains of science can be predicted to take giant leaps. Artificial Intelligence is probably expected to pervade everything we touch and feel.

1. How Disruptive Innovations
Shall Alter our World
Dr. S.Guruprasad
DRDO

2. • Theory of Disruptive Innovation : Clayton Christensen
• Blurring edges of Science, Technology & Systems
• Technologies that are going to change our lives
• Material Technologies : Polymers; Biomimetic; FGM;
RT Superconductors; Metamaterials;
• Quantum Computing
• Artificial Intelligence, Robotics & Exoskeleton
• Additive Manufacturing
• Nanotechnology
• Integrated Health Monitoring of Systems
• Internet of Things
• Artificial Symbiotic Environment
• Breakthrough Technologies
• Great Conflicts that push Technological Innovations
• Theoretical Simulations v/s Experimental Research

3. Theory of Disruptive Innovation
Technology that pushes up profitability can disrupt the market with
quality being same
Disruption always starts at the bottom creating new users and
moves up to more knowledgeable users
Sustaining Innovation - Making better & better products without
change in Technology
Efficiency Innovation - Cost cutting measures;
Process Innovations (Chinese Products flooding : creating new
users)
IT industry of India (classic example of disruption);
Godrej: Peltier Refrigerator
‘Don’t ignore the root’ or ‘Bottom is important’

4. Blurring Edges of Science, Technology &
Systems
Scientific
Research
• Fundamental
• Basic
• Analytical
• Experimental
Technological
Research
• Analytical &
Experimental
Studies
• Lab level
devices
Product/System
Engineering
• Prototype
• Evaluation/
Validation
• Ergonomics
& Aesthetics

5. Material Technologies
Polymers:
• Synthesis of macromolecules – High Strength, desired
properties, functionality
• Polymer activation by applying electric potential -
morphing structures, conducting etc
Biomimetic
• Copy of nature
• Fibrous, layered. E.g Sea Shells – Bottom up,
• Self-healing
Functionally Graded Materials
• Gradation of the properties to optimizing performance
Metamaterials
RT Superconductors

6. Quantum Computing
• Huge computing power
• Moore’s law maintained and may even exceed
Single atom imaging and manipulation
• Proliferation of AI
• Big Data
• Very large scale simulations
• Immense application – S&T, Business, Govt etc.

7. Artificial Intelligence: Systems that can learn
• Artificial Neural
Networks
• Fuzzy Logic
• Combination of
above & more
• Efforts to Eliminate Skill
• Knowledge Management
• Human like interface – Voice,
gestures etc
• Customer Care Services
• Online & in person shopping
Aware of themselves, objects,
information and levels of
physical and virtual reality
around them also of other
nodes in their own network,

8. Artificial Intelligence & Robotics
Computational Power will never be a limitation
Our ability to build effective algorithms that can enable
better learning capability by systems will be a huge limitation
Limitations will be more from mechanical domain
Biped Robots that can walk like a human and use tools like
a human is still far from reality
Biomimetic actuators and micro sensor networks

9. Additive Manufacturing
• Impact on Design of Components: Single shot Manufacturing
• Functional Grading, Multiple Materials, more near to the way
nature builds
• Future: Cold Processing
2012 - US - National Additive Manufacturing Innovation
Institute
2015 Satellite center, $87 million investment in a 13,000 ft2
2016. GE at Pittsburgh, - $39 million
160 + institutions - Business,universities, nonprofits , govt Org.
Wrench - Cost to ship it to Space station > $400

10. Additive Manufacturing
Challenges
•Limited Raw Materials
•Limited test –Strength
•Limited Scale / Size
•Copyrights
•Dangerous Items
•Belies Economies of Scale
•Post Processing
•Loss of low skill job
Advantages
• Rapid prototyping
• Customization
• New ecosystems
• New angles to driving
operational excellence
• Affordability
• Storage
• Employment Opportunities
• Health Care – Bio-printing

11. Nano Technology
Lycurgus cup- Dating from the 4th century A.D., is made from glass
impregnated with gold nanoparticles; seen in transmitted light
Areas Application
Medicare & Health Monitoring, targeted drug delivery, replacement of damaged parts
etc
ICT Miniaturization, efficiency
Environment &
Energy
Pollution - monitoring & Control – Filters;
ENERGY - photovoltaic cells, solar absorbers, high density
rechargeable Batteries
Biotech &
Agro
Chemicals for nourishing plants & protection from insects,
processing biomass in sewerage treatment plants food
processing and preservation
Metallurgical High strength, tough, light weight corrosion & heat resistant
structural Design and synthesis of new multifunctional molecules
Nano inclusions
in composites
Enhanced inter lamina shear strength, enhanced
compressive strength etc

12. Electronic- Electron
Mobility>15,000 cm2V−1s−1
Optical - High opacity
Thermal - ~ 5300 Wm−1K−1
Mechanical - Strength
200 X Steel
Not only is it lighter, stronger,
harder and more flexible than
steel, it is also a recyclable
▪ Gas detection
▪ Transistors
▪ Optical modulators
▪ Integrated circuits
▪ Electrochromic devices
▪ Conducting electrodes
▪ Solar cells
▪ Ultra capacitors
Graphene : Properties and Applications

13. R&DE (E)
!
VARTM Fabrication process
(Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Molding)
" Cost effective process
" Minimal infrastructure
" Staking of dry fabric
" Resin and vacuum lines
" Global fluid flow
" Fiber volume fraction – 0.55
" Void content < 2%Schematic of VARTM process
Composites

14. R&DE (E)
!
RFI Fabrication process
(Resin Film Infusion)
" No autoclave involved
" Stacking of fabric with resin films
" Local fluid flow
" Superior mechanical properties
" Fiber volume fraction – 0.6, void content < 1.5%
" Only viable fabrication technique for nano-fillers
Composites

15. Five meters carbon composites bridge
Process and health
monitoring
capabilities
Integrated Health Monitoring of Systems

16. Internet of Things
Smart Homes
Smart Systems
People
Things
AI
Communication
Sensor Networks
Data
Overrides

17. Internet of Things
Billions of connected devices Secure and insecure locations Security may or
may not be built in …
Not owned or controlled by IT … but data flows through the network
Any node on your network can potentially provide access to ..

18. Artificial Symbiotic Environment
Deep Space Exploration : Colonies on other
planets / asteroids

19. Breakthrough Technologies
Solar
Energy
• Breakthrough in PV technology
• Sustainable Fusion Reactors
Chemical
Energy
Electrical
Energy

20. Great Conflicts – Technological Innovations
Life Cycle Cost v/s Performance - Threat of
Obsolescence
Reliability v/s Cost - Threat of
Reputation
Power v/s Weight - Form
(Size & Shape)
Strength v/s Weight - Cost

21. Simulation Vs Experimental Research
Scientific
Research
Technological
Research
Analytical &
Experimental
Techniques:
Both go hand in hand
Experimental Research will always
define the Leader in the domain

22. Thanks