Efforts for Opening up of Access to Research Outputs in India

1. Efforts for ‘Opening up of
Access to Research Outputs’
in India
Sridhar Gutam
Convener, Open Access India
15 Sept 2014, FAO Rome

2. Science and Technology System
Source: http://www.rcuk.ac.uk/international/offices/officeinindia/links/

3. Union Budget for S & T
(allocations in millions of rupees)
2013–14 2014–15
Department of Atomic Energy 98330 104460
Department of Health Research 10080 10177
Department of Science and Technology 31843 35440
Department of Scientific and Industrial Research 35710 37072
Department of Biotechnology 15020 15172
Department of Space 67920 72380
Department of Agricultural Research and Education 57290 61440
Ministry of Earth Sciences 16900 16990
Ministry of New and Renewable Energy 15340 9560
Source: http://www.nature.com/news/first-modi-budget-spells-austerity-for-indian-science-1.15542

4. Scholarly Articles
Sl.
No.
Country Documents Citable
documents
Citations Self-Citations Citations
per
Document
H index
1 United States 7,846,972 7,281,575 152,984,430 72,993,120 22.02 1,518
2 China 3,129,719 3,095,159 14,752,062 8,022,637 6.81 436
3 United
Kingdom
2,141,375 1,932,907 37,450,384 8,829,739 19.82 934
4 Germany 1,983,270 1,876,342 30,644,118 7,966,777 17.39 815
5 Japan 1,929,402 1,874,277 23,633,462 6,832,173 13.01 694
6 France 1,421,190 1,348,769 21,193,343 4,815,333 16.85 742
7 Canada 1,110,886 1,040,413 18,826,873 3,580,695 20.05 725
8 Italy 1,083,546 1,015,410 15,317,599 3,570,431 16.45 654
9 India 868,719 825,025 5,666,045 1,957,907 8.83 341
10 Spain 857,158 800,214 10,584,940 2,629,669 15.08 531
Source: http://www.scimagojr.com/countryrank.php

5. Scholarly Articles – Year Wise
Year Documents Citable Documents % International
Collaboration
% World
2000 23,776 23,237 14.97 1.91
2001 24,761 24,052 12.97 1.85
2002 26,841 25,928 13.26 1.93
2003 31,323 29,819 18.02 2.16
2004 34,623 32,925 18.95 2.17
2005 36,611 34,669 18.99 2.18
2006 45,979 43,596 19.02 2.40
2007 50,889 48,126 19.49 2.53
2008 58,162 54,941 18.66 2.74
2009 65,995 62,523 18.14 2.97
2010 78,226 73,924 17.07 3.32
2011 95,142 89,576 16.12 3.79
2012 102,881 96,841 16.18 3.99
2013 106,029 98,968 16.49 4.13
Source: http://www.scimagojr.com/countrysearch.php?country=IN

6. Availability and Accessibility
(of IARI publications)
• Examined for 2008–2010, of the 221 indexed journals, only 19 (9%) were
open access journals indexed in DOAJ18. Additionally, 14% of the published
articles could be found on Eprints@IARI. Thus, up to 23% of the published
literature is available and accessible to the public.
• The percentage of articles available in CeRA was 69%. This shows that a
little more than 30% of the articles published were not available to the
researchers in CeRA, a closed consortium model that makes articles
available through subscription to NARS constituents. Through CeRA, 78%
of the full texts were available online and the rest were available through a
document delivery system. This means that nearly 20% of the articles from
IARI were only available in print form and were not in electronic format.
• These figures represent results from the years 2008–2010 only; we may presume a different
picture for articles published when IARI first began. However, under the projects e-Granthand
E-PKSAR of NAIP, which are encouraging back issue digitization, researchers may get some
relief, as many of the old journal articles are being made available in open and electronic form.

7. The Right to Information Act, 2005
“An Act to provide for setting out the practical regime of right
to information for citizens to secure access to information
under the control of public authorities, in order to promote
transparency and accountability in the working of every public
authority, the constitution of a Central Information
Commission and State Information Commissions and for
matters connected therewith or incidental thereto”.
Citation Act No. 22 of 2005
Territorial extent Whole of India except Jammu and Kashmir
Enacted by Parliament of India
Date enacted 15-June-2005
Date assented to 22-June-2005
Date commenced 13-October-2005
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Right_to_Information_Act

8. Open Access
• Means unrestricted online access to peer-
reviewed scholarly research (also theses, book
chapters, and scholarly monographs).
• Comes in two degrees:
– gratis open access, which is free online access
– libre open access, which is free online access plus
some additional usage rights (granted through use of
Creative Commons licenses).
Only libre open access is fully compliant with
definitions of open access such as the Berlin
Declaration on Open Access to Knowledge in
the Sciences and Humanities.
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_access

9. Budapest Open Access
Initiative, 2001
• Public statement of principles relating to open access to the research literature.
• Conference convened in Budapest by the Open Society Institute on December 1–2, 2001
• to promote open access – at the time also known as Free Online Scholarship.
• Recognized as one of the major historical, and defining, events of the open access
movement.
• On the occasion of the 10th anniversary of the initiative (2012), recommended "the new
goal that within the next ten years, OA will become the default method for distributing new
peer-reviewed research in every field and country”.
Definition of open access : By "open access" to this literature, we mean its free
availability on the public internet, permitting any users to read, download, copy,
distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of these articles, crawl them for
indexing, pass them as data to software, or use them for any other lawful
purpose, without financial, legal, or technical barriers other than those
inseparable from gaining access to the internet itself. The only constraint on
reproduction and distribution, and the only role for copyright in this domain,
should be to give authors control over the integrity of their work and the right
to be properly acknowledged and cited.

10. Timeline – OA in India
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Adapted from, Open Access to Scholarly Literature in India — A Status Report by Prof. Subbiah Arunachalam and Madhan Muthu (2011)

11. Significant OA Policies and
Mandates
• ICRISAT Open Access Policy Mandate
• CSIR Open Access Mandate
• ICAR Open Access Policy
• DST-DBT Open Access Policy (draft)
• Proposals for…
– National Mandate on Open Access in India
– Inclusive Open Access

12. Berlin Declaration Signatories
- India
• Indian National Science Academy (5th Sept.
2004.
• Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Association
of India(2nd Sept. 2011)
• Agricultural Research Service Scientists’
Forum (18th May 2012)

13. India - DOAJ and ROAR
• Articles
– Brazil (328693)
– United Kingdom (183276)
– United States (102136)
– India (88587)
• Journals
– 594 (89 CC-BY; 252 No APCs)
• Repositories
– 95 (104)

14. ICAR - NARS Open Access

15. ICAR - NARS Open Access

16. Caution!!
• “Fake open-access journals flourish in India:
Science”
– The Hindu
• “The policy (of DBT-DST), therefore, has the
potential to have a significant negative effect on
India’s economy”
– The Association of Learned and Professional Society
Publishers

17. The Protection and Utilization of
Public Funded Intellectual Property
Bill, 2008
• Highlights
– To provide incentives for creating and
commercializing intellectual property from
public funded research.
– Requires the scientist who creates an
intellectual property to immediately inform the
research institution.
• Arguments against (The Centre for
Internet & Society)
– May lead to commercialize all government-
funded research literature and may hamper the

18. Alternate Metrics
• San Francisco Declaration on Research
Assessment
– “Do not use journal-based metrics, such as Journal Impact
Factors, as a surrogate measure of the quality of
individual research articles, to assess an individual
scientist’s contributions, or in hiring, promotion, or
funding decisions”
• Altmetric.com
• ImpactStory

19. DST – DBT on Metrics
• “The DBT/DST affirms the principle that the
intrinsic merit of the work, and not the title
of the journal in which an author’s work is
published....”
• “DBT/DST does not recommend the use of
journal impact factors, as a surrogate
measure of the quality of individual
research articles, to assess an individual
scientist’s contributions, or in hiring,
promotion, or funding decisions”.Source: dbtindia.nic.in/docs/DST-DBT_Draft.pdf

20. NASS Scoring of Scientific
Journals
• “…a need was felt in the Academy for
critically assessing the published work of
the nominees for the
Fellowship/Associateship and for
developing a transparent and quantifiable
mechanism that avoids arbitrariness in
assessment”.
• “Accordingly, the Academy initiated a
process of rating/scoring of scientific
research journals…”Source: http://naasindia.org/

21. Next Steps??
• Active contribution to AIMS, CIARD, GODAN,
OKFN, data.gov.in & DataMeet.
• Forging alliances with other CoP.
• Establishment of Scholarly repository
• National mandate on Open Access in India
• Inclusive Open Access
• Alternate metrics

22. Open Access India
• Contributes to the activities/initiatives of
– AIMS, CIARD, GODAN, OKFN & DataMeet
• Conveners
– Sridhar Gutam & Barnali Chakraborty
• Facebook Group
– 6922 members (https://www.facebook.com/groups/oaindia/)
• WordPress Blog
– 5,383 hits Since Dec 27, 2012
(http://oaindia2013.wordpress.com/)
• Facebook Page
– 646 likes (https://www.facebook.com/oaindia)
• Twitter
– 389 followers (https://twitter.com/OpenAccessIndia)

23. Thank you for your kind attention
gutam2000@gmail.com