Antibiotic : definition, Classification, Mechanism action, Resistance, Abuse of its etc.

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2.  Antibiotic: Chemical produced
by a microorganism that kills or
inhibits the growth of another
microorganism
 Antimicrobial agent: Chemical
that kills or inhibits the growth
of microorganisms
Antibiotic/Antimicrobial

3. Ideal Characteristics
 It effect should be specific.
 They should not destroy host tissue.
 They should have broad spectrum activity.
 They should not produce adverse effect.
 Bacteria should not produced resistance.
 They should have bactericidal effect rather
than bacteriostatic .

4. Microbial
Sources
of
Antibiotics

5. Mechanisms of
Antimicrobial Action
• Bacteria have their own enzymes
for
–Cell wall formation
–Protein synthesis
–DNA replication
–RNA synthesis
–Synthesis of essential
metabolites

6. • Enzymatic destruction of
drug
• Prevention of penetration
of drug
• Alteration of antibiotic or
target site
• Rapid ejection of the drug
Mechanisms of Antibiotic
Resistance

7. Inappropriate Antimicrobial
Use
 Prescription not taken correctly
 Antibiotics for viral infections
 Antibiotics sold without medical
supervision
 Spread of resistant microbes in
hospitals due to lack of hygiene

8. Inappropriate Antimicrobial
Use
 Lack of quality control in manufacture or
outdated antimicrobial
 Inadequate surveillance or defective
susceptibility assays
 Poverty or war
 Use of antibiotics in foods

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