Water Pollution and its control through biotechnology

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WATER POLLUTION
AND
ITS CONTROL THROUGH
BIOTECHNOLOGY
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SYNOPSIS
Introduction
Sources of water pollution
Types of water pollution
Effects of water pollution
Control of water pollution through biotechnology
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INTRODUCTION :
Water pollution is the contamination of water bodies. Water
pollution affects plants and organisms living in these bodies of
water and the effect is damaging the natural biological
communities.
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SOURCESOF WATERPOLLUTION:-
 Point source
Non–point sources
TYPESOF WATERPOLLUTION
Physical pollution
Chemical pollution
Biological pollution
Ground water pollution
Surface water pollution
(N.B. Singh and www.wikipedia.com
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EFFECTSOF WATER POLLUTION
Organic matter, heavy metals from industrial
processes are toxic to marine life such as fish and
shellfish, and subsequently to the humans who eat
them.
 Microbial pollutants from sewage often result in
infectious diseases that infect aquatic life and
terrestrial life through drinking water.
Eutrophication.
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Control of water pollutionthrough biotechnology
Methods of waste water treatment (www.wikipedia.com) 6

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Biotechnological control of water pollution includes two process
Aerobic treatment e.g., Pseudomonas, Flavobacterium
& algae-chlorella.
 Anaerobic treatment e.g., Peptococcus anaerobus,
Escherichia coli,
Methanobacterium,
Methanococcus
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Aerobictreatment:-
Aerobic process can be categorized in two types:-
i. Suspended growth system
 Suspended growth system includes
 Activated sludge
 Oxidation ditches
 Oxidation pond
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ii. Attached growth system
 Attached growth system includes
 Trickling filters
 Rotating biological contactor
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i. Suspended growth system
 Activated sludge treatment process:-
Fig:-Sludge treatment process
(www.wikipedia.com)
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Oxidation ditch:-
Fig:-Oxidation ditch
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Oxidation Ponds:-
Fig:- Aerobic oxidation pond
(www.wikipedia.com)
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b. Attached growth system
 Trickling filters:-
Fig:-Trickling filter
(U. Satyanarayan) 13

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Rotating biological contactor
Fig:-a. Rotating biological contactor b. A single disc 14(U. Satyanarayan)

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When an oil spill occurs, some of the bacteria can use it as
new energy source and become the most numerous, there even
may be some evolution of other bacteria that allows recessive
oil eating ability to become more dominant. Some clean-up
experts like to dose the area to be treated with activated
sludge (concentrated bacterial colonies) from industrial waste
water treatment systems that have been treating oily waste.
Fig:- superbeg
(www.wikipedia.com)
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Anaerobic treatment:-
Anaerobic process is carried out in specially designed
reactors.
The treatment process consists of mixing of sewage with
recycled sludge solids and then digestion under anaerobic
conditions.
After the digestion is complete the supernatant effluent is
discharged and the settled sludge is recycled.
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MICROBIOLOGY OF ANAEROBIC WASTE WATER
TREATMENT:
Fig:-Degradation of organic materials in anaerobic
digestion
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It is also of two types:-
i. Attached growth system
 Up flow anaerobic sludge blanket digestion
 Anaerobic filter process
ii. Suspended growth system
Anaerobic contact Digester
Septic tank
Imhoff tank.
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a. Attached growth process
 Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket digestion (USAB)
Fig:-UASB reactor
(www.wikipedia.com)
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ANAEROBIC FILTER PROCESS
Fig -ANAEROBIC FILTER PROCESS (N.B. Singh)
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SUSPENDED GROWTH PROCESS
 Anaerobic contact Digester
Fig:-ANEROBIC CONTACT DIGESTER 21(N.B. Singh)

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Two other types of Digester are:-
Septic tank
 Imhoff tank.
Fig:- septic tank 22(N.B. Singh)