BASIC COMPONENTS OF BUILDING DRAWING FOR CIVIL ENGINEERS

1. BASIC COMPONENTS OF
BUILDING DRAWING
HAFIZ JUNAID

2. Architectural annotations and conventions for
representation of various;
–Building Materials and
–Building Components

3. LANGUAGE/COMMUNICATION
Annotations: Notation,
Notes, comment,
explanation, presentational
markup.
• A comment or instruction
• metadata attached to
text, image, or other
data.
Often annotations refer
to a specific part of the
original data

4. Conventions: Patterns or
Rules- Punctuation,
Grammar, Usage,
Formatting..
 A way in which
something is usually
done.
 An Agreement
ARCHITECTURAL COMMUNICATION

5. AIM /GOAL
To realize the Architectural Standards for
denoting a perfect and complete drawing..
Types of Architectural Drawings:
• Illustration of an Idea
• Presentation Drawing
• Working Drawing
• Corporation Drawing (for Sanctioning)

6. BUILDING TYPES/USES
As per National Building Code,
major building uses;
• Residential Building
• Educational Building
• Assembly Building
• Institutional Building
• Industrial Building
• Commercial Building
• Storage Building
• Infrastructure
As per Construction type /
materials, major building
types;
• Solid or ‘traditional’
construction
• Structural steel frame
construction
• Reinforced concrete
construction
• Modular system construction
• Portal frame construction
• Composite construction

7. COMPONENTS OF A BUILDING...
Common Building Materials: Brick, Block, Stone, Concrete, Timber,
Metal..
Other materials: Fibre, Plaster, Asbestos, Plywood, Block, Plastic..

8. COMPONENTS OF A BUILDING...
A Building can be broadly divided into two parts;
• Sub-structure (portion below ground, transmit load to ground)
• Super-structure (portion above Plinth level)
Building components can be summarized as;
• Foundations
• Plinth
• Walls
• Columns & Beams
• Floors
• Doors & Windows (Openings)
• Stairs & Lifts
• Roof
• Lintels and Arches
• Building Finishes (Plastering, Pointing)
• Building Services (Plumbing, Electrical,
Water Supply, Sewerage, Utility..)

9. 1.FOUNDATION
Excavation, Foundation, Footing, Plinth, Column..
Foundation Types: Shallow and Deep.Section of a Foundation

10. 2. PLINTH
• Dividing line between substructure and
superstructure.
• Lowest part of Superstructure, above
ground level.
• 30-75cm in height depending upon the
locality/soil type.
• DPC provided at plinth level to prevent
moisture from rising to the walls of
building.

11. 3. WALLS
• A masonry structure provided
above the Plinth.
• Two types: Load Bearing, Non-
load bearing (Framed structure).
• Provided to enclose or divide the
floor space in a pattern and
provide privacy, security &
protection.
Load Bearing Brick WallColumn Beam Structure

12. 4. COLUMNS AND BEAMS
• A masonry structure provided
above the Plinth.
• Two types: Load Bearing, Non-
load bearing (Framed structure).
• Provided to enclose or divide the
floor space in a pattern and
provide privacy, security &
protection.
RCC Beam Structure
RCC Column
Wood Column

13. 5. FLOORS
• Flat
supported
elements,
dividing a
building into
different
levels.

14. 6. OPENINGS: DOORS
• A door may be defined as a barrier secured in an opening left in a wall to
provide usual means to access to a building room or passage.

15. 7. OPENINGS: WINDOWS
• A window may be defined as an opening left in the wall
for the purpose of providing daylight, ventilation and
vision.
Window Types

17. 8. LINTELS & ARCHES
• Its over Doors and Windows in walls
facility at safe transfer of loads to its
supports.

18. 9. STAIRS & LIFTS
• A Stair may be
defined as a structure
comprising of a
number of steps
connecting one floor
to another.

19. 10. ROOF
• It is an uppermost component of a building and its main
function is to cover the space below and provide
protection from sun, rain, snow, wind, etc.

20. 11. BUILDING FINISHES
• A Building is considered incomplete till such time the
surface of its component is given appropriate treatment. It
includes items like plastering, colour washing, pointing,
painting, etc.

21. 12. BUILDING SERVICES
• It includes services like water supply, drainage, sanitation,
lighting, electricity, acoustics, heating, ventilation, Fire
control, etc.

22. Material Indication..

23. Material Indication..

24. Material Indication..

25. Material Indication..

26. Material Indication..

27. Material Indication..

28. Material Indication..

29. Plumbing Fixtures

30. Two Storied Frame Structure..
Ground Floor Plan First Floor Plan

31. Two Storied Frame Structure..