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Haifa Controlled Release Fertilizers
- 1. REVOLUTION IN GRANULAR FERTILIZERS!!! BASE AND SIDE DRESSING HIGH TECH PRODUCTS
- 2. Controlled-Release Fertilizers Multicote® Agri for agriculture Multicote® Turf for turf and lawns Multicote® for nurseries and ornamentals Longevity of the nutrients release : 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 or 16 months long. It depends on the soil temperature (default = 21oC) The coated material left behind is biodegraded.
- 3. Temperature: leading factor for Nutrition problems: Temperature Growth CRF nutrients release In moisty soils temperature is around 25-30° C
- 4. Multicote Agri MC Agri is a line of controlled-release NPK blends for agricultural applications. MC Agri products combine controlled-release nutrients and fast-acting ingredients.
- 5. Multicote Technology After application, the granule takes up moisture over a period of 7-10 days, depending on the longevity of the product.
- 6. Multicote Technology Release carries on through the growth season according to the soil temperature. If it drops – so does the release rate.
- 9. Multicote Technology Designed to release plant nutrients throughout the growth season Require single, pre-plant application Made of granular fertilizers encapsulated in a polymer resin coating.
- 11. Multicote Agri “The Art of blending” The right formula (N-P-K) The right longevity (temp., crop cycle) Crop needs by stages
- 13. Nutrients Fate A- Nutrients uptake = absorbed from the plants during the crop cycle; the nutrients must be available B- Nutrients removal = removed with the harvested portion of the plants C- losses = leaching, volatilization, denitrification immobilization
- 15. What about the mechanisms of N losses??? Leaching of nitrates due to heavy rainfall Denitrification and gaseous nitrogen due soil humidity and anaerobial soil conditions Volatilization of Urea Which % of my nitrogen getting lost????
- 16. Losses by volatilization Losses by leaching in deep soil and ground water Losses by Denitrification gas Nitrogen Immobilization
- 17. Leaching World wide: losses of nitrate leaching or de-nitrification are the largest and may be in order of many tens of % under extreme conditions!
- 18. Denitrification
- 19. Volatilization Volalilization of ammonia: especially for urea or ammonium based fertilizers, overall if not incorporated and when in contact with soils having basic pH
- 20. Urea losses!!! Urea applied at soil surface: more than 50% can be volatilized as NH3 NH3 cumulative losses (average): Polymer Coated urea: 3-4% of applied N Bands incorporated : 5-25% of applied N (related to depht and soil moisture) Broadcast (incorporated): 15-35% of applied N Broadcast: up to 85% of applied N Rochette et al. Agricolture and Agri-food, Soils and Crop R
- 22. University of Wisconsin, 2008
- 23. Today Urea Use Efficiency: 50% Worldwide: Each % point of efficiency increase = 1 million tons less required by the market = Maybe we can improve the technology in order to maximize the efficiency
- 24. Recent Technology of Fertilizers Control Release Fertilizers
- 25. Let’s talk about productivity! Only the 40% of the applied fertilizer is used by the plants??? The research is focusing in increasing the efficiency of the existing fertilizers and not discovering new molecules Doubling the efficiency of the fertilizer means reduction of the applied fertilizer 50% ! MultiCote pioneering the future!!!
- 26. Technology in productivity Slow release fertilizers (inhibitors..) Urease inhibitor Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter inhibitors Sulphur Coated Fertilizers (SCU) Methylene Urea (MU) Urea Formaldeyde (UF) CDU IBDU Control release fertilizers (Polymer coated..) Fertigation
- 29. Why control release technology? Flooding Heavy Rainfalls No losses of N
- 30. Advantages The right formula (N-P-K) The right longevity (temp., crop cycle) Crop needs by stages Minimize losses Minimize the rate applied compared to farmer practice Higher Nutrient Use Efficiency (N.U.E) Looks simple, but performs sophisticatedly!
- 31. Nutrient Use Efficiency Urea efficiency
- 32. Tools for enhancing the applied nutrients (N)
- 34. Weighting the factors that affect N.U.E.
- 35. Nutrients Fate A- Nutrients uptake = absorbed from the plants during the crop cycle; the nutrients must be available B- Nutrients removal = removed with the harvested portion of the plants C- losses = leaching, volatilization, denitrification immobilization (Control release nutrition minimize losses, enhancing the NUE)
- 36. Precise timing Precise product Precise location Precise dosing Most effective NUE The tools The Tools of enhancing NUE
- 37. How to calculate the dose? Precise dosing or Precise product ?
- 38. N adsorbed during the whole vegetative cycle N removed trough the harvest Removal ≠ Uptake Precise dosing: real removal Growing degree units CumulativeNutrientsUptake(100%) Removal Uptake Precise timing Precise product Precise location Precise dosing The tools: Precise Dosing
- 39. Precise dosing: real removal An example of the difference between Removal and Uptake: N appl (kg/ha) Prot % N in prot Production (kg/ha) Prot % (kg/ha) N removed (kg/ha) 141 7,12 1,14 12.000 856 137 203 7,5 1,2 12.500 938 150 Data from corn trials, Michigan State University - 2005 Precise timing Precise product Precise location Precise dosing The tools: Precise Dosing Kg of N Removed : kg of Proteins / 6,25
- 40. Farmer Practice has no more to be the standard: the new one has to be the Removal! Precise timing Precise product Precise location Precise dosing The tools: Precise Dosing
- 41. What has to be taken in account for plants feeding: - Removed - Fertilizer inefficiency / losses From 5% (CRF) to 50% (Urea) Depending on application time and location Nutrition problems: Precise Rate
- 42. Multicote® Agri General recommendations Application rate %of Farmer Practice Cash crops in open field N P K light soil Multicote Agri 50-60 60-80 50-70 heavy soil 60-80 70-80 70-80 Protected crops light soil Multicote Agri 50-60 60-70 50 heavy soil 60-70 70 60 Fruit trees Planting Multicote Agri 50-60 80 80 Established trees 50-60 80 80 The recommendations should be considered as a general guide only. Actual application rates and percentage of coated nutrients may be up to 10% more or 10% less than the values given in the table.
- 43. Precise timing Precise product Precise location Precise dosing Most effective NUE The other tools
- 44. Precise timing Precise product Precise location Precise dosing The other tools Most effective NUE
- 45. Precise product Precise timing Precise location Most effective NUE The Products influences Time and Location The other tools
- 46. Multicote® Agri General recommendations Application rate %of Farmer Practice Cash crops in open field N P K light soil Multicote Agri 50-60 60-80 50-70 heavy soil 60-80 70-80 70-80 Protected crops light soil Multicote Agri 50-60 60-70 50 heavy soil 60-70 70 60 Fruit trees Planting Multicote Agri 50-60 80 80 Established trees 50-60 80 80 The recommendations should be considered as a general guide only. Actual application rates and percentage of coated nutrients may be up to 10% more or 10% less than the values given in the table.
- 48. Question: How can CRF be distributes in efficient way? Nutrition problems: Precise Placement
- 49. Field crops (cereals): is it still feasible to push further the NUE ? s Precise Product Precise timing Precise location The ratio Coated/uncoated plays a key role The other tools: Precise product The fertilizer is distributed with the seed Top efficiency for grass-like crops
- 50. Nutrition problems: Ions migration - + ++ + + - - - - - Plants stimulate ions migration If ion’s speed is slower than plant demand nutrition deficiency
- 52. Depth dt/ha 1 2 3 broadc. 120 a 10 130 b 20 140 c Location has a great influence in the CRF and uncoated fertilizers too: better NUE The results: BANDING enhances the longevity of the fertilizers Corn grain data on a trial made in 2006 – Italy The other tools: Precise product
- 54. Averagegrainyielddt/ha Spring Barley – Italy, 2009 (100 days crop cycle) - Yield vs N level. - Seed row appl. (seed with fertilizer) - Urea vs Organic –mineral - Organic-mineral 1:1 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 Urea (90) Urea (120) Urea (60) Urea (30) Best efficiency High Ec effect Low dose effect The other tools: Precise product CRF blends (C/UC) will have better performances
- 55. CRF blends … - Permit to create a nutrient stock in the immediate rootzone - Reduce the energy required by the plant to find nutrients into the soil (uptake – intake; see Nardi et al.) - Minimize losses - Optimize plant phisiology and its productive response So… It’s better to decide by ourself WHEN plants need fertilizer (fertigation) or Let the plants do decide WHEN they need fertilizer…? Conclusions
- 56. Greenhouse Tomatoes Recorded results: field trials Sweet Potatoes Onion
- 57. Multicote® Agri for Greenhouse Tomatoes Treatments Greenhouse-grown tomatoes cv azera-189, HaBesor Farm, Israel Light soil ! Applicationkg/haFertilizerTreatment K2OP2O5N Nutrigation at 2-days intervals840240660LiquidFarmer’s practice Base-dressing, irrigation schedule same as in Farmers practice 429132264Multicote Agri 16-8-26 (90-0-100% coated) Longevity: 6 months Multicote® Agri 50% 702216432Multicote® Agri 65%
- 58. Multicote® Agri for Greenhouse Tomatoes Results Mean fruit size (g) Marketable yield (T/ha) Total yield (T/ha) 166 a111.23 a126.72 aFarmer’s Practice 173 b109.97 a124.89 aMulticote® Agri 50% 171 b126.83 b140.16 bMulticote® Agri 65%
- 59. Multicote® Agri for Greenhouse Tomatoes 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 Farmer's practice Multicote Agri 50% Multicote Agri 65% Total yield (ton/ha)
- 60. Multicote® Agri for Greenhouse Tomatoes Multicote Agri: • Higher yield with 65% of Farmer Practice rate • Similar yield with 50% of Farmers Practice rate • Larger fruits at both Multicote Agri treatments MC Agri
- 61. Trial in Cudgen, Australia (NSW), 2005 Crop: Sweet potato cv Beaureguard kg/ha FertilizerTreatment K2OP2O5N 200128112Granular NPK fertilizersFarmer practice 175112102 Multicote Agri 6M 14.5-16-25 61-0-70% coated Multicote Agri Hi (90%) 1459384Multicote Agri Med (75%) 1288274Multicote Agri Lo (65%) Application method Farmers practice: base dressing + 2 side dressing applications Multicote® Agri: base-dressing, fertilizer was incorporated to the soil at bed formation before planting Multicote® Agri for Sweet Potatoes
- 62. Results Income Total yield Ton/ha Tuber size distribution (%) Treatment US$/haLMS 9,02028.715166Farmer practice 16,61036.98319Multicote Agri Hi (90%) 16,97535.393211Multicote Agri Med (75%) 12,58032.8151812Multicote Agri Lo (65%) Multicote® Agri for Sweet Potatoes
- 63. Yields (ton/ha) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Farmer's practice MC Agri Hi MC Agri Med MC Agri Lo 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000 Total Small Medium Income Results Multicote® Agri for Sweet Potatoes Income ($US/ha)
- 64. Multicote® Agri for Sweet Potatoes Multicote Agri: Highest yield were obtained with Multicote Agri at 90% (Hi) of the Farmer Practice rate. However, the highest income were obtained with Multicote Agri at 75% (Med) of Farmer Practice rate.
- 65. Treatment No. Applied doses (kg ha-1) Coated fertilizer (%) N P2O5 K2O N (%) K2O (%) T1 0 0 0 0 0 T2 100 80 100 50 30 T3 100 80 100 30 30 T4 140 80 140 50 30 T5 140 80 140 30 30 T6 (PF) 200 80 200 0 0 Onion trial, Mexico, 2007/2008 Multicote® Agri for Onion
- 66. Results Multicote® Agri for Onion 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 (PF) 0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000 40000 45000 50000 Jumbo Big Medium Small Net benefit Net income ($/ha) Yields (ton/ha)
- 67. Multicote Agri : • Higher yields even with 50% N and K rates • Difference in % coating affect the yield quantity and quality. • Optimization of the economical results. Multicote® Agri for Onion
- 68. Field Trial: Guanjuato, Mexico, 2006 (Corn) N % of grower’s practice Kg/ha N-P2O5-K2O % coated material 100260-76-60- Grower’s practice– 2 applications 90234-40-27-Liquid fertilizer 70182-70-4230-0-30 Multicote Agri – base dressing only
- 69. Field Trial: Guanjuato, Mexico, 2006 Yield (ton/ha) 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7 7.5 8 8.5 9 Grower's practice Liquid CoteN Conclusions: lower N rate, fewer applications, higher yields
- 70. Field Trial: South France, 2003 N % of grower’s practice N kg/ha at 10 leaves at 6-8 leaves At sowing 100%58170 68 kg/ha from DAP (in an NPK blend Urea – full rate 80%0170 Urea – reduced rate 80%0170 Urea + nitrification inhibitor 80%0170Multicote Agri™ 100%58170Urea – full rate Conclusion: CoteN™ is superior to nitrification inhibitors
- 71. Field Trial: South France, 2003 Yield (ton/ha) 12 12.5 13 13.5 14 14.5 15 15.5 16 Urea - full rate Urea - reduced rate Urea + nitrification inhibitor CoteN Conclusion: Multicote™ is superior to nitrification inhibitors
- 72. Field Trial: South France, 2003 Conclusion: Multicote Agri™ is superior to nitrification inhibitors: Reduction of N rate resulted in decreased yields. Addition of nitrification inhibitor could not make up for this reduction. Multicote Agri did!
- 73. Multicote® Agri General recommendations Application rate %of Farmer Practice Cash crops in open field N P K light soil Multicote Agri 50-60 60-80 50-70 heavy soil 60-80 70-80 70-80 Protected crops light soil Multicote Agri 50-60 60-70 50 heavy soil 60-70 70 60 Fruit trees Planting Multicote Agri 50-60 80 80 Established trees 50-60 80 80 The recommendations should be considered as a general guide only. Actual application rates and percentage of coated nutrients may be up to 10% more or 10% less than the values given in the table.
- 75. Experiences of CoteN mix
- 77. Where to apply? • On light soils-fertilizers leaching • In rainy areas- heavy soils • Wherever nitrogen application is limited - environmental regulations • For crops with a shallow root system • For crops with high nutritional requirements • In cases where mid-season application is not feasible
- 78. Flooding Heavy Rainfalls Losses of N No entrance
- 79. Multicote Agri fertilizers Applied only once!!! Less application cost (tractors, gasoline, mechanical damages) 30-50% less applied product with higher NUE Blending we can make the suitable N-P-K formula Less labor Less logistic No compaction of the soil No ruined lines (5% losses) Flexibility in the entrance to the field Less environmental pollution PEACE OF MIND !!!!!!
- 80. Take Control and Relax!!!!