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An Overview of History Taking:
Common Surgical Condition
FACEBOOK: HAPPY FRIDAY KNIGHT
OUTLINES
 Overview
 Common surgical conditions presenting at OPD
 History taking in specific body systems
 Skin and subcutaneous tissue
 Head and neck
 Thorax and lungs
 Heart
 Peripheral vascular system
 Breasts and axillae
 abdomen
 Male genitalia and hernia
 Female genitalia
 KUB system
 Anus, rectum, prostate
 Musculoskeletal
 nervous
OVERVIEW
 Clear history taking: precise triage
 Excluded emergency condition that require to be at ER
 Materials:
 Identification data: age, gender, source of history, source of referral
 Reliability
 Chief complaint (CC)
 Present illness
 Past history
The Seven Attributes of the Symptom
1. Location: อยู่ส่วนไหนของร่างกาย
2. Quality: มันรู้สึกยังไง
3. Severity: ปวดให้คะแนนเท่าใด รบกวนชีวิตประจาวันมากขนาดไหน
4. Timing: เป็นมานานเท่าไหร่
5. Setting in which it occurs: ขณะที่เป็น กาลังทาอะไรอยู่
6. Exacerbating factors: อะไรทาให้อาการแย่ลง
7. Associated manifestations: มีอาการอะไรอีกบ้าง
Common surgical conditions presenting at
OPD
 Body mass: ก้อนตามร่างกาย
 Acute abdomen: ปวดท้องทุกอย่าง ยกเว้นปวดอุ้งเชิงกราน
 Hematochezia: ถ่ายเป็นเลือด
 Dysphagia: กลืนลาบาก
 Hematuria: ปัสสาวะเป็นเลือด
 Dysuria: ปัสสาวะแสบขัด
 KUB stones: นิ่วในระบบขับถ่ายปัสสาวะ
 Hernia: ไส้เลื่อน
 Wound and ulcers: แผล
 Claudication: ปวดขา
 Varicose veins: เส้นเลือดขอด
 Hand infection: มือและนิ้วอักเสบ
 Thyroid nodules: ก้อนที่ไทรอยด์
 Anal mass: ก้อนที่รูทวารหนัก
 Anal pain: ปวดรอบรูทวารหนัก
Skin and subcutaneous tissue
 Mass:
 abscess
 Tumor-like lesion: inclusion cyst, lipoma, fibroadenoma
 Neoplasm: sarcoma, SCC, BCC, melanoma, breast cancer, phyllodes tumor
 Cellulitis and necrotizing fasciitis
 Wound and ulcers
Body mass
Attributes/disease abscess Tumor-like lesion neoplasm
Location Any: axilla Any: back, breast and
extremities
Any: face, breast
Quality ปวดบวมแดงร้อน Lumping ulcerative
Severity Painful Painful if infection on top Painful if infection on top
Timing Acute (days) Chronic (years) months
Setting Trauma Spontaneous Radiation
Factors Trauma none radiation
Other manifestations fever none lymphadenopathy
Cellulitis and Necrotizing Fasciitis
Attribute/disease Cellulitis NF
Location Legs and arms Legs and arms
Quality ปวดบวมแดงร้อน ปวดบวมแดงร้อน + crepitus + hemorrhagic
bleb
Severity urgency Emergency, require aggressive
emergency debridement
Timing days 1 day
Setting Trauma, DM Trauma, DM, cirrhosis
Factors Spontaneous trauma
Other manifestations fever Septic shock
Wounds and Ulcers
Attribute/disease
Location Usually legs and feet
Quality หนึบๆ จี๊ดๆ แสบๆ
Severity Usually painful accept DM foot
Timing Can be acute (trauma) or chronic (underlying disease present)
Setting Can be trauma (major and minor) or spontaneous
Factors นั่งห้อยขาหรือยกขาแล้วดีขึ้น
Other manifestations Fever
Head and Neck
 Usually ENT
 Thyroid nodule***
Thyroid Nodule
Attribute/disease
Location Midline neck mass ขยับตามการกลืนน้าลาย
Quality ไม่เจ็บ ถ้าเจ็บจะเป็น thyroiditis, compressive symptom: อึดอัดคอ, dysphagia, dyspnea
Severity หายใจโล่งดีหรือไม่ ถ้าไม่  ER
Timing Months to years
Setting อยู่ในพื้นที่ขาดไอโอดีน หรือ radiation exposure
Factors None
Other manifestations Fever, tachycardia, depression, weight change
Thorax and Lungs
 Trauma: blunt or penetrating chest injury เจ็บอกและมีประวัติ trauma
 Disease: empyema thoracis, CA lung, CA breast with lung or pleural metastasis
Empyema Thoracis
Attribute/disease
Location Chest
Quality Pleuritic chest pain, cough, dyspnea
Severity ไม่เท่าไหร่
Timing Weeks after pneumonia
Setting Underlying TB, COPD, immunocompromised host
Factors Smoking, previous pneumonia
Other manifestations Fever, shock
CA lung
Attribute/disease
Location Chest
Quality Chest pain, chronic cough with weight loss (DDx TB)
Severity ไม่ fever
Timing Months
Setting Chronic smoking
Factors Chronic smoking
Other manifestations Weight loss
CA breast with lung or pleural metastais
Attribute/disease
Location Chest
Quality Pleuritic chest pain with underlying CA breast
Severity No fever
Timing May be present during CA breast treatment or after 10+ years
Setting Underlying CA breast
Factors Underlying CA breast
Other manifestations dyspnea
Heart
 Thoracic aortic dissection
 Ruptured thoracic aneurysm
Great vessels
Attribute/disease
Location Severe chest pain with hypovolemic shock
Quality เจ็บจี๊ดๆ เจ็บไปหมด ดิ้นทุรนทุราย
Severity Severe
Timing Minutes
Setting BP สูง มี underlying aneurysm อยู่แล้ว
Factors BP สูง
Other manifestations Hypovolemic shock, alteration of consciousness
Peripheral vascular
 Intermittent Claudication (leg cramps)
 Leg and foot ulcers
 Varicose vein
 Acute limb ischemia
Intermittent claudication
Attribute/disease
Location ปวดขา ข้างเดียวหรือสองข้างก็ได้
Quality ปวดเมื่อยๆหลังเดินระยะไกลๆ นั่งพักแล้วดีขึ้น ต้องนั่ง “ห้อยขา” ถึงจะดี
Severity ปวดเมื่อยๆ บางครั้งมีแผล
Timing Months to years
Setting Underlying DM, HT, DLP, MI, stroke, CKD
Factors นั่งห้อยขาแล้วอาการดีขึ้น
Other manifestations Foot ulcers
Acute limb ischemia
Attribute/disease
Location มักจะเป็นที่ขา
Quality Severe pain, ชา, ซีด, อ่อนแรง, ขาเย็น, paresthesia
Severity Severe pain
Timing Hours to days (<14 days)
Setting AF on warfarin ไม่ได้ระดับ, AAA with emboli
Factors None
Other manifestations ปัสสาวะสีโค้ก
Breast and Axilla
 Breast mass
 Breast abscess
 Axillary lymphadenopathy
 Axillary abscess
Cellulitis and Necrotizing Fasciitis
Attribute/disease Cellulitis NF
Location Legs and arms Legs and arms
Quality ปวดบวมแดงร้อน ปวดบวมแดงร้อน + crepitus + hemorrhagic
bleb
Severity urgency Emergency, require aggressive
emergency debridement
Timing days 1 day
Setting Trauma, DM Trauma, DM, cirrhosis
Factors Spontaneous trauma
Other manifestations fever Septic shock
Male genitalia
 Penile mass
 Scrotal mass
 Scrotal pain
 hernia
Female genitalia
 OPD gyne
Musculoskeletal and nervous system
 Liposarcoma, osteosarcoma of extremities  ortho
prostate
 BPH
 CA prostate
KUB system
 Dysuria
 Nocturia
 hematuria
Anus and Rectum
 Hematochezia
 Anal pain: anorectal abscess, thrombosed hemorrhoid, anal fissure
 Anal mass: hemorrhoid or neoplasm
 Constipation
Acute abdomen
Acute abdomen
 LORDCAFT:
 Location
 Onset
 Refer pain
 Duration
 Characteristics
 Associated factors: aggravate or relieving factors
 treatment
Conclusion
 History taking and triage are important
 Mass and acute abdomen are most common surgical complaints

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Common surgical condition at opd for nurses

  • 1. An Overview of History Taking: Common Surgical Condition FACEBOOK: HAPPY FRIDAY KNIGHT
  • 2. OUTLINES  Overview  Common surgical conditions presenting at OPD  History taking in specific body systems  Skin and subcutaneous tissue  Head and neck  Thorax and lungs  Heart  Peripheral vascular system  Breasts and axillae  abdomen  Male genitalia and hernia  Female genitalia  KUB system  Anus, rectum, prostate  Musculoskeletal  nervous
  • 3. OVERVIEW  Clear history taking: precise triage  Excluded emergency condition that require to be at ER  Materials:  Identification data: age, gender, source of history, source of referral  Reliability  Chief complaint (CC)  Present illness  Past history
  • 4. The Seven Attributes of the Symptom 1. Location: อยู่ส่วนไหนของร่างกาย 2. Quality: มันรู้สึกยังไง 3. Severity: ปวดให้คะแนนเท่าใด รบกวนชีวิตประจาวันมากขนาดไหน 4. Timing: เป็นมานานเท่าไหร่ 5. Setting in which it occurs: ขณะที่เป็น กาลังทาอะไรอยู่ 6. Exacerbating factors: อะไรทาให้อาการแย่ลง 7. Associated manifestations: มีอาการอะไรอีกบ้าง
  • 5. Common surgical conditions presenting at OPD  Body mass: ก้อนตามร่างกาย  Acute abdomen: ปวดท้องทุกอย่าง ยกเว้นปวดอุ้งเชิงกราน  Hematochezia: ถ่ายเป็นเลือด  Dysphagia: กลืนลาบาก  Hematuria: ปัสสาวะเป็นเลือด  Dysuria: ปัสสาวะแสบขัด  KUB stones: นิ่วในระบบขับถ่ายปัสสาวะ  Hernia: ไส้เลื่อน  Wound and ulcers: แผล  Claudication: ปวดขา  Varicose veins: เส้นเลือดขอด  Hand infection: มือและนิ้วอักเสบ  Thyroid nodules: ก้อนที่ไทรอยด์  Anal mass: ก้อนที่รูทวารหนัก  Anal pain: ปวดรอบรูทวารหนัก
  • 6. Skin and subcutaneous tissue  Mass:  abscess  Tumor-like lesion: inclusion cyst, lipoma, fibroadenoma  Neoplasm: sarcoma, SCC, BCC, melanoma, breast cancer, phyllodes tumor  Cellulitis and necrotizing fasciitis  Wound and ulcers
  • 7. Body mass Attributes/disease abscess Tumor-like lesion neoplasm Location Any: axilla Any: back, breast and extremities Any: face, breast Quality ปวดบวมแดงร้อน Lumping ulcerative Severity Painful Painful if infection on top Painful if infection on top Timing Acute (days) Chronic (years) months Setting Trauma Spontaneous Radiation Factors Trauma none radiation Other manifestations fever none lymphadenopathy
  • 8. Cellulitis and Necrotizing Fasciitis Attribute/disease Cellulitis NF Location Legs and arms Legs and arms Quality ปวดบวมแดงร้อน ปวดบวมแดงร้อน + crepitus + hemorrhagic bleb Severity urgency Emergency, require aggressive emergency debridement Timing days 1 day Setting Trauma, DM Trauma, DM, cirrhosis Factors Spontaneous trauma Other manifestations fever Septic shock
  • 9. Wounds and Ulcers Attribute/disease Location Usually legs and feet Quality หนึบๆ จี๊ดๆ แสบๆ Severity Usually painful accept DM foot Timing Can be acute (trauma) or chronic (underlying disease present) Setting Can be trauma (major and minor) or spontaneous Factors นั่งห้อยขาหรือยกขาแล้วดีขึ้น Other manifestations Fever
  • 10. Head and Neck  Usually ENT  Thyroid nodule***
  • 11. Thyroid Nodule Attribute/disease Location Midline neck mass ขยับตามการกลืนน้าลาย Quality ไม่เจ็บ ถ้าเจ็บจะเป็น thyroiditis, compressive symptom: อึดอัดคอ, dysphagia, dyspnea Severity หายใจโล่งดีหรือไม่ ถ้าไม่  ER Timing Months to years Setting อยู่ในพื้นที่ขาดไอโอดีน หรือ radiation exposure Factors None Other manifestations Fever, tachycardia, depression, weight change
  • 12. Thorax and Lungs  Trauma: blunt or penetrating chest injury เจ็บอกและมีประวัติ trauma  Disease: empyema thoracis, CA lung, CA breast with lung or pleural metastasis
  • 13. Empyema Thoracis Attribute/disease Location Chest Quality Pleuritic chest pain, cough, dyspnea Severity ไม่เท่าไหร่ Timing Weeks after pneumonia Setting Underlying TB, COPD, immunocompromised host Factors Smoking, previous pneumonia Other manifestations Fever, shock
  • 14. CA lung Attribute/disease Location Chest Quality Chest pain, chronic cough with weight loss (DDx TB) Severity ไม่ fever Timing Months Setting Chronic smoking Factors Chronic smoking Other manifestations Weight loss
  • 15. CA breast with lung or pleural metastais Attribute/disease Location Chest Quality Pleuritic chest pain with underlying CA breast Severity No fever Timing May be present during CA breast treatment or after 10+ years Setting Underlying CA breast Factors Underlying CA breast Other manifestations dyspnea
  • 16. Heart  Thoracic aortic dissection  Ruptured thoracic aneurysm
  • 17. Great vessels Attribute/disease Location Severe chest pain with hypovolemic shock Quality เจ็บจี๊ดๆ เจ็บไปหมด ดิ้นทุรนทุราย Severity Severe Timing Minutes Setting BP สูง มี underlying aneurysm อยู่แล้ว Factors BP สูง Other manifestations Hypovolemic shock, alteration of consciousness
  • 18. Peripheral vascular  Intermittent Claudication (leg cramps)  Leg and foot ulcers  Varicose vein  Acute limb ischemia
  • 19. Intermittent claudication Attribute/disease Location ปวดขา ข้างเดียวหรือสองข้างก็ได้ Quality ปวดเมื่อยๆหลังเดินระยะไกลๆ นั่งพักแล้วดีขึ้น ต้องนั่ง “ห้อยขา” ถึงจะดี Severity ปวดเมื่อยๆ บางครั้งมีแผล Timing Months to years Setting Underlying DM, HT, DLP, MI, stroke, CKD Factors นั่งห้อยขาแล้วอาการดีขึ้น Other manifestations Foot ulcers
  • 20. Acute limb ischemia Attribute/disease Location มักจะเป็นที่ขา Quality Severe pain, ชา, ซีด, อ่อนแรง, ขาเย็น, paresthesia Severity Severe pain Timing Hours to days (<14 days) Setting AF on warfarin ไม่ได้ระดับ, AAA with emboli Factors None Other manifestations ปัสสาวะสีโค้ก
  • 21. Breast and Axilla  Breast mass  Breast abscess  Axillary lymphadenopathy  Axillary abscess
  • 22. Cellulitis and Necrotizing Fasciitis Attribute/disease Cellulitis NF Location Legs and arms Legs and arms Quality ปวดบวมแดงร้อน ปวดบวมแดงร้อน + crepitus + hemorrhagic bleb Severity urgency Emergency, require aggressive emergency debridement Timing days 1 day Setting Trauma, DM Trauma, DM, cirrhosis Factors Spontaneous trauma Other manifestations fever Septic shock
  • 23. Male genitalia  Penile mass  Scrotal mass  Scrotal pain  hernia
  • 25. Musculoskeletal and nervous system  Liposarcoma, osteosarcoma of extremities  ortho
  • 27. KUB system  Dysuria  Nocturia  hematuria
  • 28. Anus and Rectum  Hematochezia  Anal pain: anorectal abscess, thrombosed hemorrhoid, anal fissure  Anal mass: hemorrhoid or neoplasm  Constipation
  • 30. Acute abdomen  LORDCAFT:  Location  Onset  Refer pain  Duration  Characteristics  Associated factors: aggravate or relieving factors  treatment
  • 31. Conclusion  History taking and triage are important  Mass and acute abdomen are most common surgical complaints