2. • Antioxidants are molecules capable of reducing
the causes or effects of oxidative stress.
• Oxidative stress can be caused by
environmental factors, disease infection,
inflammation and aging.
3. Chemical definition: A substance that opposes
oxidation or inhibits reactions promoted by oxygen
or peroxides.
Biological definition: Synthetic or natural
substances that prevent or delay deterioration of a
product or are capable of counteracting the
damaging effects of oxidation in animal tissues.
4. An atom that has lost an electron and is left with
an unpaired election. Free radicals are highly
reactive and can cause damage to molecular in
the cell. Generally, these are unstable and try to
become stable either by accepting or donating
an electron.
5.
6. - Superoxide
- Hydroxyl radicals
- Peroxyl radicals
They form as result of stress, inflammation and
human body's natural defenses.
These can cause cellular damage, aging and death.
Free radicals formed by metabolism, irradiation
and toxic agents.
• Are highly reactive free radicals
7. Substances that are able to neutralize reactive
molecules and reduce oxidative damage.
8. 1. Antioxidant
Vitamins -Vit A
-Vit C
-Vit E
-Vit K
2. Antioxidant
Minerals -Copper
- Manganese
- Iodide
- Zinc
3. Antioxidant proteins -Alpha Lipoic Acid
- Glutathione
10. 1 . Water soluble - work on blood plasma surrounding
the cells
2. Fat soluble - work on cell membrane which is made
of mainly fats and lipids on surrounding lipids
3. Both - work on fats and lipids inside the cells
11. (1) Food Spices herb Dried fruits Red wine
Clove sage pears
Cinnamon basil apple
chili powder
(2) Vitamins- Vit A- sweet potato, broccoli, Mangoes
Vit C- greet pepper, green leafy vegetables, oranges
Vit E- Nuts, seeds, green leafy vegetables
(3) Vitamin Cofactors and Minerals – Mangoes and Iodide
12. Most Antioxidant function by providing function or
labile H+ which will be accepted by any free
radical to terminate the chain reaction.
13.
14. • Salivary Antioxidant - saliva is rich in Antioxidants.
These include uric acid, albumin, ascorbic acid,
glutathione
- ability to neutralize free radicals.
• Periodontal diseases - interaction b/w bacterial
attack and host inflammatory response. Free
radicals and ROS responsible for host
inflammatory response. Low Antioxidant diet can
cause periodontal disease. B2, B6, copper, zinc,
selenium are needed to maintain systemic
glutathione and selenium dependent GSH
enzymes for Antioxidant defenses immune
regulation and neutralization of inflammation
process.Vit C, A, E and beta carotene are needed.
15. Imbalance in levels of free radicals, ROS, Antioxidant in
saliva can cause dental caries.
salivary peroxides system is major Antioxidant to
control bacteria that form plaque.
Antioxidant and oral cancer
Role of Antioxidants in cancer chemo prevention
is by inhibiting oral carcinogenesis by reversing
premalignant lesions like leukoplakia.
16. Lycopene is used to prevent carcinoegenesis by protecting
critical cellular biomolecules, including lipids, lipoproteins,
proteins and DNA.
Carotenoids in green yellow leafy vegetables
Beta Carotene helps in immunomodulation, increase in T-
helper and NK cells. Inhibits mutagenesis and cancer cell
growth.
Vit. C Important free radical scavenger in plasma.
Vit. E Lipid soluble antioxidant of cell membrane selenium,
flavanoids are also used.
-Reversal of oral leukoplakia with Antioxidant during
prevention of cancer.
17. - Too many supplements of antioxidants could lead to an
increased risk of death and disease instead of having a
positive effect.
- Beta carotene raised risk of mortality and increase risk
of cardiovascular disease.
- Beta-carotene increases risk of lung cancer.
- High dosage of Vit A showed have embryotoxic and
teratogenic effects
- Large doses of Vit C can associated with inhibition of
ovarian steroidogenesis and increase probability of
abortion.
18. - Provide s good health and preventing diseases
- Counteract the action of free radical and their damaging effects
-Beta-carotene is very beneficial to eye health, benefit different parts of body.
-Helping to protect the skin (with combinations)
- enhance both non-specific and specific immune system and to protect cell membranes and
cellular DNA from mutation
-Protection against - Heart problems
- eye problems
- Memory problems
- Mood disorders
- Immune system problems
- Used in treatment of
1. Tobacco pouch keratosis
2. Smoker's palate
3. Leukoplakia
4. OSMF
5. Erythroplakia
19. Brand name - Plevit, Lyco-O Pen, Profluss
Main two supplements Lyc-O-Mato and Lyco Red
Other is tomato
As an Antioxidant, lycopene has taken by mouth in
doses 6.5, 15 and 30 mg daily for 8 weeks.
Lyco-O-Mato capsules - taken by mouth once daily
for 4 months and 26 days or twice daily for 4 months.
2 capsules of lyco Red by Mouth once daily for 21 days.
20.
21. - To treat gum disease, Lyco Red has been taken by mouth
daily in divided doses for 2 weeks.
- To treat mouth sores, Lyco Red containing 4-8 mgs of
Lycopene taken daily for 3 months in 2 divided doses.
- For inflammation of mouth, 16 mgs daily in divided doses
for 2 months.
-For OSMF, 8 mg Lyco Red TM/day in 2 divided doses 4 mg
each.
Contraindications
1. Avoid in allergic people to tomatoes.
2. In stomach problems (ulcers)
3. in low blood pressure patients
4. not used in patients on hormone therapy (estrogen)
5. In prostate cancer
6. Avoid in children, pregnant/lactating women.
22. Disadvantages
- Can cause anorexia
- Chest pain
- Diarrhea
- Fat build up under skin
- Heart attack
- vomiting
-When taken with anticougulants, aspirin,
antiplatalet drugs, NSAIDS can cause
-Increase in bleeding
- Can cause decrease in BP so caution in low
BP patients
Interactions
23. -Interact with agents that binds to bile acid that
can affect immune system
-interact with antiasthmatic, herbs, anti cancer
herbs.
- Not used with Actretamine, Cisplatin, Levodopa.
Uses
-Eye disease
-HPV
-Asthma
-Lung cancer
-Gingivitis
-Mouth sore
-OSMF
-Leukoplakia
