Fire Officer Training_Aerial Positioning

Module 4 –Aerial Operations
Topic 1 – Positioning Apparatus
1/4/2017 Draft Page 1
Screen Name Content Reference
M4T1_01 n/a
Screen Text
Apparatus Positioning
Effective apparatus positioning is critical to pumping operations, deployment of aerial
apparatus and general incident control. You must position your apparatus in an area
where it is most effective, while keeping the apparatus, yourself, and your crew out of
harm’s way. Driver/operators must consider many factors when positioning their
apparatus—including the fact that additional emergency vehicles may arrive after them.
Audio
Production Elements
Type Description Source
Video Fire scene with a shot from the running board of late arriving
apparatus as it approaches a driver/operator standing in front
of apparatus already positioned and directing driver with arm
motions and speech to go left and support effort by
positioning at the hydrant. Ambient noises and voice of
driver/operator is in background to narrator’s voice.
See Pumper,
Operations,
Apparatus
Positioning,
Page 1 of 25
sfx ambient sound
audio narrator
Branching (other than Next screen and Back)
On Action
Next M4T1_02
Back Module 4 Menu
Notes

M4T1_02 NFPA 5.2.4
Pumper Course M5T2-2
Screen Text
This topic reviews what factors to consider when positioning fire apparatus for effective
pumping operations. Specifically, we’ll look at these five areas of apparatus positioning:
<See Production Elements for screen text>
Select each bulleted item to learn more.
Audio
Production Elements
Graphic 1 Montage of pumper stills drawn from topic with these five
hot items.
General guidelines for apparatus positioning
Positioning for hydrants
Drafting from a static water source
Relay pumping operations
Tandem pumping operations
On Action
Next M4T1_25
Back M4T1_01
General guidelines for apparatus… M5T2_03
Positioning for hydrants M5T2_05
Drafting from a static water source M5T2_10
Relay pumping operations M5T2_12
Tandem pumping operations M5T2_20
Notes
Next is active once each topic has been accessed.

M4T1_03 NFPA 5.2.4
Screen Text
A fire apparatus has just responded to this incident. Most departments have standard
procedures for positioning apparatus at an incident. However, standard procedures
cannot possibly cover all situations. The ultimate decision of apparatus positioning rests
with the fire officer in charge. Is the spot chosen for this apparatus a good one? Select
the various components of the graphic.
(Pop-up text 1) Hydrant
Will this pumper need additional water? If so, the driver/operator should have laid a
supply line as the pumper went up the driveway to the house.
(Pop-up text 2) House
Old structures can collapse during a fire. Always position your apparatus outside of the
collapse zone of the structure—approximately equal to the height of the structure.
(Pop-up text 3) Front Doors
Always position your apparatus for effective rescue. This pumper is on the side opposite
of the front doors and windows of the house. Is this the best spot?
(Pop-up text 4) Power Lines
Never park an apparatus under power lines that could interfere with the use of aerial
devices or even fall on the apparatus during a fire incident.
(Pop-up text 5) Apparatus
What’s your method of attack? Will hand lines reach the seat of the fire? Are you within
the effective range of aerial master streams, elevated platforms or turrets?
Pop-up text 6) Trees
Protect your apparatus! The fire could spread to surrounding trees. Can you easily
reposition your apparatus if conditions change?
Pop-up text 7) Wind and Slope
Notice the slope around the house. For structural fires, try to park upwind and uphill
from the fire. In this way, you avoid air-borne contaminants and runoff from the fire.
Also, master streams directed into the structure will push fire back to the burning areas
and NOT toward unburned areas.
Pop-up text 8) Staging (Out on Main Street)
Your apparatus may not be needed immediately. The fire officer in charge may assign
you to a staging area where you will wait for an assignment.

Audio
Production Elements
Graphic 1 Fire incident with pumper stationed as shown in sketch.
There are eight hot labels that have pop-up text:
Hydrant
House
Front Doors
Power Lines
Apparatus
Trees
Wind and Slope
Staging (Out on Main Street)
See Pumper,
Operations,
Apparatus
Positioning,
Page 3 of 25
On Action
Next M4T1_04KC
Back M4T1_02
Hydrant pop-up 1
House pop-up 2
Front doors pop-up 3
Power lines pop-up 4
Apparatus pop-up 5
Trees pop-up 6
Wind and slope pop-up 7
Staging (Out on Main… Pop-up 8
Notes
Once all labels have been accessed, Next becomes active.
Some edits to the Pumpers screen text have been made.

Screen Name Content Reference/Screen Reference
M4T1_04KC M4T1_03, NFPA 5.2.4
Screen Text
Okay, let’s do a quick check. Here’s the same scene with the pumper. Given what you’ve
learned, if you are the driver/operator, where would you position your apparatus?
Select and drag the pumper to a new position.
Audio
CA Well done! This position allows for effective rescue and, at the same time, protects your
apparatus.
IA1 Nah! Remember, you want your apparatus to be upwind and upslope from a fire but
within effective range for rescues. Try again.
IA2 No. The circle shows the best position. From here, the pumper is close to the front doors
and windows, uphill from the burning structure, and in a position to be easily
repositioned.
Production Elements
Graphic 1 same as M5T2-3 (see programming notes below) with
moveable apparatus icon
Pumper course
Audio Feedback narration
On Action
Next M4T1_05
Back M4T1_03
Notes
CA = pumper should be moved to somewhere within the black circle (majority of pumper
within the black circle for correct response).
Some edits to the Pumpers screen and feedback text have been made.

M4T1_05 NFPA 5.2.4
Screen Text
For the extended use of aerial apparatus like ladder pipes and master streams, you’ll need
hydrants. How is apparatus positioning affected by forward and reverse lays from at a
hydrant?
Select each graphic to learn more.
Audio
Production Elements
Three
graphics
See Pumper. The three hot labels are:
Hydrant Guidelines
Forward Lays
Reverse Lays
See Pumper,
Operations,
Apparatus
Positioning,
Page 5 of 25
On Action
Next M4T1_09KC
Back M4T1_04KC
Hydrant Guidelines M4T1_06
Forward Lays M4T1_07
Reverse Lays M4T1_08
Notes
Next is active only after all labels have been accessed.

M4T1_06 NFPA 5.2.4
Screen Text
As a driver/operator, you should follow these basic hydrant guidelines.
§ Hard suction hoses should never be connected to a hydrant. Their couplings have
been known to fail, and they are designed for drafting from static sources, NOT for
positive pressure conditions.
§ The best hose is a large diameter, soft intake hose between 10 and 50 feet in length.
§ Many districts require a gate valve on the smaller hydrant discharge before
connecting to the larger discharge. This allows additional hoses to be connected
without interrupting the flow of the larger connection.
Audio
Production Elements
Still 1 See Pumper Course See Pumper,
Operations,
Apparatus
Positioning,
Page 6 of 25
Still 2 See Pumper Course
Still 3 See Pumper Course
On Action
Next M4T1_05
Back M4T1_05
Notes
No edits have been made to this screen

M4T1_07 NFPA 5.2.4
Screen Text
In a forward lay, also called a straight or feeder lay, a pumper drops a supply line at the
hydrant and moves forward to the fire.
Advantages:
§ Allows the driver/operator to be at the fire scene and keep a visual on changing
circumstances
§ Forward lays using large diameter hose have virtually eliminated the need for reverse
lays due to the large quantity of water delivered
§ Forward lays keep the apparatus at the fire so that aerial devices are available for use.
On forward lays, a four-way hydrant valve is usually installed to allow additional lines to
be connected without interrupting the flow in the first line.
Audio
Production Elements
still 1 Shot of pumper moving slowly away from hydrant toward
fire incident, a 4- to 5-inch hose connected to the hydrant and
being laid down from the pumper. Hose should wrap around
hydrant in a ¾-turn to protect hose. (SME: I don’t
remember how important this fact is, but it’s not in the still of
the Pumper course.
See Pumper,
Operations,
Apparatus
Positioning,
Page 6 of 25
On Action
Next M4T1_05
Back M4T1_05
Notes

M4T1_08 NFPA 5.2.4
Screen Text
In a reverse lay, a pumper lays a supply line from the fire incident to the hydrant.
Reverse lays have certain advantages and disadvantages.
Advantages:
§ Allows the driver/operator to evaluate the fire and then make appropriate hydrant
connections
§ The pumper can stay at the hydrant to boost hydrant pressure or be used in relay
operations
Disadvantages:
§ If only one pumper is responding, you need to drop critical equipment at the fire scene
before doing the reverse lay
§ Keeps the driver/operator at the hydrant instead of at the fire scene
Audio
Production Elements
still 1 Shot of pumper laying down a supply line as it moves away
from fire incident toward distant hydrant. Add an arrow to
show the direction of travel.
See Pumper,
Operations,
Apparatus
Positioning,
Page 7 of 25
On Action
Next M4T1_05
Back M4T1_05
Notes

M4T1_09KC M4T1_07/08, NFPA 5.2.4
Screen Text
Do you understand forward and reverse lays? Select a number in the right column and
drag it to the matching response on the left OR type the number of the phrase on the right
that matches the filled circle response on the left. Select Judge when you are done.
__ Hose is laid from the fire incident to the hydrant 1. forward lay
__ Usually used with a four-way hydrant valve 2. reverse lay
__ Keeps the driver/operator at the hydrant
__ Keeps the pumper at the hydrant
__ Hose is laid from the hydrant to the fire incident
__ Critical equipment must be unloaded first at the fire incident
Audio
CA Way to go! You understand both approaches!
IA1 Hold those fire horses! Try again.
IA2 No. Take a look at the correct answers.
Production Elements
On Action
Next M4T1_02
Back M4T1_05
Notes
CA = 2, 1, 2, 2, 1, 2

M4T1_10 NFPA 5.2.4
Screen Text
If you have two crew members with a master stream on an elevated platform, you want to
make sure of your water supply. You never know when you might need to draw from a
static water source. Here’s a four-step procedure for drafting from a static water source,
such as a pond, stream, or cistern.
Select each step to learn more.
(Pop-up text for still 1) Stop Short
Stop the pumper short of a static water source selected for minimum lift (primary
consideration) and minimum hose length (maximum efficiency). Both of these allow for
easier pumping.
(pop-up text for still 2) Make Your Connections
Connect a hard suction intake hose to the pump and a strainer to the hose. This is easier
and safer to do when you’re standing on firm ground!
(pop-up text for still 3) Move into Position
Move your fire apparatus carefully into a drafting position. If possible, keep the
apparatus on a paved or firm grassy surface.
(pop-up text for still 4) Place hose in water and secure
Place the hose and the strainer into the water. Keep the strainer off the bottom by using a
rope tied to the end of the hose. Secure the rope to the bumper of the apparatus or to
another stable object.
(pop-up text 5) Caution icon
Take care! Suction may not occur if any section of the hard intake hose is higher than the
intake valve of the pump. Position your apparatus accordingly.
Audio
Production Elements
Graphic 1 There are four hot labels on the screen plus the Caution:
Stop short
Make your connections
Move into position
Place hose in water and secure

Graphic 2 Caution icon
Still 1 Apparatus is approaching lake (first frame of video 1)
See Pumper,
Operations,
Apparatus
Positioning,
Page 10 of 25
Still 2 ff connecting hard suction intake hose to pump (first frame
of video 2)
Still 3 Apparatus moving carefully into drafting position with ff
carrying hose and strainer toward lake (first frame of video
3)
Still 4 ff placing hose and strainer in water with the aid of a rope
tied to end of hose (first frame of video 4)
Video 1 Thumbnail video clip of apparatus approaching lake
Video 2 Thumbnail video clip of ff connecting intake hose to pump
and strainer to hose (abbreviate sequence as necessary).
Have rope already tied to strainer when it is connected to
hose.
Video 3 Thumbnail video clip of apparatus moving into position
Video 4 Thumbnail video clip of ff placing hose and strainer into
water with aid of rope, and then securing rope to bumper to
pumper.
sfx Ambient sound
On Action
Next M4T1_11KC
Back M4T1_02
Still 1 Video 1, pop-up text 1
Caution icon Pop-up text 5
Notes
Four stills are labeled (see screen text), video runs off of each. When each is selected, run
video and display appropriate text.

M4T1_11KC M4T1_10, NFPA 5.2.4
Screen Text
Place the steps for drafting from a static water supply in the correct order.
_3_ Connect the hose and the strainer.
_2_ Stop short of the static water source.
_4_ Lower the hose and the strainer into the water and secure.
_1_ Move the apparatus into position.
Audio
CA Nicely done, you understand the process.
IA1 Not drawing much water that way! Try again.
IA2 No. Take a look at the correct answers.
Production Elements
Still 1 ff showing “Move the apparatus into position.” w. label See Pumper,
Operations,
Apparatus
Positioning,
Page 11 of 25
Still 2 ff showing “Stop short of the static water source.” w. label
Still 3 ff showing “Connect the hose and the strainer.” w. label
Still 4 ff showing “Lower the hose and the strainer into the water
and secure.” w. label
On Action
Next M4T1_02
Back M4T1_10
Notes
CA = 3, 2, 4, 1

M4T1_12 NFPA 5.2.4
Screen Text
A relay pumping operation is used when the water source is remote from the fire incident.
A source pumper is stationed at the water source and one or more additional pumpers
“relay” the water through their pumps to the apparatus at the fire scene.
Pass your cursor over each item in the relay chain to see what it is. Then, select each item
to learn more.
(Pop-up text 1) Source Pumper
The design of a relay pumping operation is driven by the desired flow at the fire scene. A
supplying pumper must provide the next-in-line apparatus with at least 20 psi of intake
pressure. This reduces the possibility of damage to the apparatus pumping system. The
driver/operator of the source pumper must communicate the pumping capacity to the
Incident Commander, along with any hose and pressure changes during the operation. If
available, a fixed or portable pump can substitute for the source pumper.
(Pop-up text 2) First Relay Pumper
Since there can be sudden pressure fluctuations in relay operations, relay pumpers must
have intake pressure relief valves (if available) set at 10 psi above the discharge pressure of
the previous pumper to dump water as needed. Select the underlined text to learn more.
(Pop-up text 3) Intake pressure relief valves
These valves are used to reduce the potential for damage to the pump or hoselines due to
water hammer, which is caused by pressure fluctuations. A pressure relief valve can be
part of the pump itself or screwed onto the pump intake connection. Each driver/
operator must ensure that flow psi never exceeds rated pump capacity and communicate
any problems to the Incident Commander.
(Pop-up text 4) Second Relay Pumper
Relay pumpers must have a method of bleeding air from hoses being charged with water.
This may be done through opening unused discharge valves or through the use of a built-
in bleeder valve. Select the underlined text for more information.
(Pop-up text 5) bleeder valve
A bleeder valve can discharge large quantities of air when the line is being charged with
water. It’s important for the driver/operator to monitor the pressure control devices and
bleeder valves on pumps and hose connections.
(Pop-up text 6) Incident Commander
The Incident Commander must look at the fire attack to determine the desired nozzle

pressure needed at the fire scene. Factors that can determine desired pressure include the
use of elevated master streams, hose type, hose size, pump discharge pressure, and
elevation changes from the water source. Based on these factors, the commander must
design a system that can deliver this pressure.
(Pop-up text 7) Attack pumper
The attack pumper can only fight the fire for a limited amount of time (depending on the
size of its water tank and the amount of water being discharged). Keep in mind that
establishing a relay operation is not a quick process, and you may run out of water before
a permanent resupply is in place.
Audio
Production Elements
Graphic 1 Sketch shown above. Source pumper is drafting from lake.
Water hoses connect four pumpers with the Incident
Commander near the attack pumper. Two attack lines go
into the burning house. There are five primary hot labels in
this graphic that have supporting pop-up text:
Source Pumper
First Relay Pumper
Second Relay Pumper
Incident Commander
Attack Pumper
In addition, within two of these pop-ups, there is an
additional pop-up with a supporting still:
(within First Relay Pumper) Intake pressure relief valves
(within Second Relay Pumper) Bleeder valve
See Pumper,
Operations,
Apparatus
Positioning,
Page 12 of 25
Still 1 Still of intake pressure relief valve on pumper (similar to
IFSTA, p. 313, fig. 13.7) to accompany pop-up text for
second relay pumper.
Still 2 Still of bleeder valve to accompany text for Second Relay
Pumper pop-up.
New
On Action
Next M4T1_13
Back M4T1_02
Source pumper Pop-up 1
First relay pumper Pop-up 2

(within First Relay Pumper) Intake pressure
relief valves
Pop-up 3/still 1
Second relay pumper Pop-up 4
(Within Second Relay Pumper) Bleeder valve Pop-up 5/still 2
Incident Commander Pop-up 6
Attack pumper Pop-up 7
Notes
Use existing programming notes in Pumper, Operations, Apparatus Positioning, Page 12 of 25

M4T1_13 NFPA 5.2.4
Screen Text
There are two ways to set up a relay pumping operation:
The Constant Pressure Relay method is more common. Select each item to learn more.
Audio
Production Elements
Graphic 1 Modified graphic from M4T1_12 (M5T2-15 in old Pumper
course) with no pumpers, driver/operators or lines. There are
two hot topics:
Constant Pressure Relay method
Maximum Distance Relay method
See Pumper,
Operations,
Apparatus
Positioning,
Page 13 of 25
On Action
Next M4T1_02
Back M4T1_12
Constant pressure M4T1_14
Maximum distance M4T1_17
Notes
I have added initial caps to the names of these two methods.
I made this screen a decision point so students return to this screen to select the second relay
method. It was confusing to flow from one method to the second without acknowledging that
the discussion of the first method had ended.

M4T1_14 NFPA 5.2.4
Pumper Course M5T2-16a
Screen Text
The Constant Pressure Relay method is the simpler of the two relay methods. It has some
advantages and disadvantages.
Advantages:
• The length of hose and the pump pressure is predetermined. The driver/operator
does not need to await specific instructions.
• Eliminates complex pump calculations.
• Driver/operators in the relay only have to maintain one constant pressure.
• Reduces radio traffic and confusion.
Disadvantages:
If small diameter supply lines (2 ½- or 3-inch) are used then they:
• Limit the total gallons available per minute (gpm)
• May not provide adequate pressure due to high friction loss
• Limit the distance between apparatus to approximately 750 feet
Audio
Production Elements
Still Shot from relay pumper to attack pumper See Pumper,
Operations,
Apparatus
Positioning,
Page 14 of 25
On Action
Next M4T1_15
Back M4T1_13
Notes

M4T1_15 NFPA 5.2.4
Pumper Course M5T2-16b
Screen Text
Here is a constant pressure relay pumping operation. Pass your cursor over each item to
see what it is. Then, select each item in the relay chain to learn more.
(Pop-up text 1 for source pumper)
In a Constant Pressure Relay method, the source pumper and all relay pumpers pump
water at a constant 175 psi using a single hose size. It’s crucial to have continual
communication between all parties in order to ensure correct pressure and to update each
other on changing circumstances.
(Pop-up text 2 for relay pumper)
It’s important that each pumper has an automatic pressure control valve to control
accumulative pressure changes. As in any relay pumping operation, it is important for
each driver/operator to ensure that flow psi never exceeds rated pump capacity.
(Pop-up text 3 for attack pumper)
The attack pumper uses an open discharge or secured waste line to handle excess
pressure. When shutting down a constant pressure relay, start with the attack pumper
and work backwards to the source pumper.
Audio
Production Elements
Graphic 1 See Pumper course for existing graphic. It would
be nice to have the attack apparatus have an aerial
device on it.
See Pumper, Operations,
Apparatus Positioning,
Page 15 of 25
On Action
Next M4T1_16
Back M4T1_14
Source pumper Pop-up text 1
Relay pumper Pop-up text 2
Attack pumper Pop-up text 3
Notes
Student rolls the three hot items to see their labels and then selects each one for pop-up text.
Next is inactive until all three hot items are accessed. Some edits to the Pumpers screen text
have been made.

M4T1_16 NFPA 5.2.4
Screen Text
Here are the seven steps for creating a Constant Pressure Relay. Select each number in
order to learn more.
(Pop-up text 1 for box #1)
Station the largest capacity pumper at the water source and begin hook-up.
Lay out hose according to department policy and make all connections.
For all pumpers except the source pumper, if there is NO intake pressure relief valve,
open the discharge valve on the dump line. Select the underlined text to learn more.
(Pop-up text 4 for “dump line”)
A dump line may be either an open discharge valve or another hoseline not currently in
use. It is used to relieve excess water pressure (psi) when the apparatus intake exceeds 50
psi in a relay operation.
Have the source pumper start pumping water at 175 psi.
Have each relay pumper close its discharge valve once a steady flow of water reaches it,
then advance the throttle to 175 psi.
Once a pumper is on-line, have that driver/operator set the intake pressure regulating
device (if available) to 10 psi above the input pressure.
Have the driver/operator of the attack pumper adjust discharge pressure to supply attack
lines.
Audio

Production Elements
Graphic 1 Use same graphic as in Pumper Course, Operations,
Apparatus Positioning, Page 16 of 25.
See Pumper,
Operations,
Apparatus
Positioning,
Page 16 of 25
On Action
Next M4T1_13
Back M4T1_15
#1 box Pop-up 1
#2 box Pop-up 2
#3 box Pop-up 3
“Dump line” (text in pop-up 3) Pop-up 4
#4 box Pop-up 5
#5 box Pop-up 6
#6 box Pop-up 7
#7 box Pop-up 8
Notes
SME: For the yellow highlighted text above, it appears that intake pressure should not exceed 50 psi and
discharge pressure should be held at 175 psi in a constant pressure relay. Is this correct?

M4T1_17 NFPA 5.2.4
Pumper Course M5T2-18a
Screen Text
The Maximum Distance Relay method uses a calculations table. First you enter the
required flow in gpm. Then you enter the hose diameter you have available. The table
then shows you the maximum length of hose you can use to deliver this gpm (see next
screen).
Advantage:
• Gives you greater flexibility for establishing the relay operation by allowing longer
hose lays than the constant pressure relay method set up.
Disadvantages:
• Maximum hose distance must be calculated based on gpm required and hose diameter.
• Requires greater communication between the driver/operators on the relay.
• Number of apparatus may vary due to the actual amount of hose carried on each
apparatus.
• It requires the use of a calculations table.
Audio
Production Elements
Graphic D/O using the table from IFSTA, p. 317, Table 13.3 (on next
screen) and a radio to communicate to another D/O.
On Action
Next M4T1_18
Back M4T1_13
Notes

M4T1_18 NFPA 5.2.4
Screen Text
Use the Pumper, Operations, Apparatus Positioning, Page 18 of 25 as it is.
Audio
Production Elements
Graphic 1 Maximum distance chart as seen in IFSTA, p. 317, table
13.3) (use that chart, one on screen rolls)
See Pumper,
Operations,
Apparatus
Positioning,
Page 18 of 25
Thumbnail
still
Firefighter scratching his chin.
On Action
Next M4T1_17
Back M4T1_19
Assumptions box Pop-up
Notes

M4T1_19 NFPA 5.2.4
Screen Text
Use the Pumper, Operations, Apparatus Positioning, Page 19 of 25 as it is with one change: On
the chart, circle the “825” to make it obvious to the user.
Audio
Production Elements
Graphic 1 Screen in quadrants (see description below) See Pumper,
Operations,
Apparatus
Positioning,
Page 19 of 25
Graphic 2 Maximum distance chart as seen in IFSTA, p. 317, table
13.3, same as in Pumper Course M5T2-18b
Graphic 3 Same as Graphic 2 in Pumper Course M5T2-18b
On Action
Next M4T1_02
Back M4T1_18
Assumptions box Small graphic for assumptions box—ff
scratching head w/label “Assumptions”
Same as
M4T1_18
Notes
Same Programming Notes as in Pumper storyboards, M5T2-19

M4T1_20 NFPA 5.2.4
Screen Text
A tandem pumping operation is a modified version of a relay pumping operation. It is
used when the pressure needed is higher than a single engine is capable of supplying, such
as high rise sprinklers, standpipe systems, or very long hose layouts.
The first pumper is positioned at a hydrant. A second pumper is placed within 300 feet of
the first pumper to boost the pressure in the first pumper’s supply line. These pumpers
are operating in series. Select the graphic to see how the pumpers are connected.
(Pop-up text 2) Caution
Take care NOT to supply a pressure greater than the rated pressure of the hose or pump.
Audio
Production Elements
Still 1 Tandem operation at hydrant with two pumpers in series,
similar to IFSTA p. 89, figure 5.44. This still is hot
See Pumper,
Operations,
Apparatus
Positioning,
Page 20 of 25
Still 2 Pop-up still over Still 1. This shows the discharge port on
one apparatus and the intake port on the other. Have Graphic
1 label overlay it.
Graphic 1 Text overlays Still 2, Discharge to Intake
Graphic 2 Caution icon
On Action
Next M4T1_21
Back M4T1_02
Still 1 Still 2/Graphic 1
Caution Pop-up text 2
Notes
Still 2 is not the best shot in the world of the discharge and intake ports of two apparatus.
Slight edits on screen text.

M4T1_21 NFPA 5.2.4
Screen Text
In comparison to a tandem pumping operation, a dual pumping operation requires the
pumpers to be parked side-by-side and connected intake-to-intake.
This type of operation allows one strong hydrant to supply two pumpers. The second
pumper uses the excess water from the hydrant that is not being used by the first pumper.
This allows each pumper to perform a separate operation from the same water source.
Audio
Production Elements
Still 1 See Pumper Course, Operations, Apparatus Positioning, Page
21 of 25. Recommend some textual changes and a reshoot of
Still 1
On Action
Next M4T1_22KC
Back M4T1_20
Notes
This is a little confusing to me. Does the hoseline split and send some water to each intake of
each pumper? The still does not clarify how hoselines are connected. I think we could keep the
still but add an overlapping graphic of how the hoselines are connected from the hydrant to the
two pumpers.
Also, if we are going to reshoot this, I think we should put some aerial devices on the pumpers
and show how tandem pumping operations can be used to support a master stream on an
elevated platform.

M4T1_22KC NFPA 5.2.4, M4T1_19
Screen Text
Now let’s see if you can set up a maximum distance relay pumping operation.
There is a lake 2,100 feet from the fire. You have four pumpers available, each with 1,200
feet of 4-inch hose, and you need 750 gpm at the fire scene.
Drag and drop each needed pumper onto the relay line. Make sure that each pumper is
properly located. Select the Maximum Distance Chart icon to review the chart.
Audio
CA Excellent work! You properly determined that you needed three engines and you did not
exceed the maximum allowable distance for 4-inch hose flowing 750 gpm, which is
1,450 feet.
IA1 Remember to divide 2,100 by 1,450 from the chart, and determine the maximum
allowable distance for your hose layout. Try again.
IA2 No. The maximum allowable distance between pumpers is 1,450 feet. Since the total
distance is 2,100 feet, divide 2,100 by 1,450 = 1.5. Then 1.5 + 1.0 = 2.5. Rounding up
you need 3 pumpers--one stationed on each end and one in the middle of the 2,100 feet.
Production Elements
Audio Feedback narration Use these
production
elements as is
from the
Pumper Course
Graphic 1 Graphic similar to M5T2-15 (in Pumper Course) with lake,
use gradients of 100 feet all the way up to 2100.
Graphic 2 Icon “Maximum Distance Chart”
Graphic 3 Maximum distance chart as shown in M5T2-18b (Pumper
Course)
Graphic 4 Pumper for click and drag within Graphic 1
Audio Narrator feedback
On Action
Next M4T1_23KC
Back M4T1_21
Notes
CA = user should place three pumpers on the relay line, one at the lake, one at the fire, and one
somewhere between the 600 and the 1400 foot marks on the line.

M4T1_23KC M4T1_16, NFPA 5.2.4
Screen Text
Here’s another one for you. When a relay pumping operation is being set up, after the
source pumper starts pumping water, the next pumper in the relay should first:
a. close its discharge valve on the dump line.
b. set its pump throttle at 175 psi.
c. wait until it gets a steady flow of water.
d. open its discharge valve on the dump line.
Audio
CA Well done!
IA1 No, what is the first thing the next pumper in the relay should do? Try again.
IA2 No. The next pumper needs to get a steady flow of water and then slowly close its own
discharge valve on the dump line so that it can transfer flow to the next pumper in the
relay.
Production Elements
On Action
Next M4T1_24KC
Back M4T1_22KC
Notes
CA = c

M4T1_24KC M4T1_20/21, NFPA 5.2.4
Screen Text
When comparing dual pumping operations to tandem pumping operations, which TWO
of the following statements are correct?
a. Dual operations have the source pumper discharging to the intake of the receiving
pumper.
b. Dual operations have the apparatus connected intake-to-intake.
c. Tandem operations have the source pumper discharging to the intake of the
receiving pumper.
d. Tandem operations have the apparatus connected intake-to-intake.
Audio
CA Excellent!
IA1 Nope. Try again.
IA2 That’s incorrect. Dual operations have the apparatus connected intake-to-intake, while
tandem operations have the source pumper discharging to the intake of the receiving
pumper.
Production Elements
On Action
Next M4T1_02
Back M4T1_23KC
Notes
CA = b, c

M4T1_25 N/A
Screen Text
Positioning Apparatus
Apparatus positioning plays an important role in effective fire fighting. You need a good
grasp of apparatus positioning strategies to meet a variety of needs—from positioning
apparatus for aerial operations to complex relay pumping operations.
In this topic, we looked at:
• General guidelines for apparatus positioning
• Positioning for hydrants
• Drafting from a static water source
• Relay pumping operations
• Tandem pumping operations
Select any topic to review or Next to move on to the Challenge Review questions. With
the information in this topic you will be prepared to act quickly when figuring out the
most effective strategies for positioning apparatus at the fire scene.
Audio
Production Elements
Graphic Montage of images used throughout the topic
Audio narrator
On Action
Next M4- topic menu
Back M4T1_02
General guidelines for apparatus… M5T2_03
Positioning for hydrants M5T2_05
Drafting from a static water source M5T2_10
Relay pumping operations M5T2_12
Tandem pumping operations M5T2_20
Notes

Challenge Review Questions
Module 4, Topic 1

Final Test Questions
Module 4, Topic 1

Fire Officer Training_Aerial Positioning

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