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Principles of Management CHAPTER 1:  Definition ,Principles and Basics of  Management By:  Rafiullah Sherzad Lecturer, Kardan Institute of Higher Education
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Recommended Text & Reference Books: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Course outline overview ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Note: The following chapters are randomly selected due to their relevance and importance to BBA first semester level.
Definition
[object Object],Management Defined "Management is a process of designing and maintaining an environment in which individuals work together in groups to effectively and efficiently accomplish selected aims".  1 2
Management Defined  Cont’d ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],3 Management is a set of activities directed at an organization's  resources with the aim of achieving organizational goals in an efficient and effective manner.  4
These definitions when expanded have  these  implications: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Elements of definition ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Efficiency and Effectiveness  Goals Low Waste High Attainment Means Efficiency Ends Effectiveness Resource Usage Goal Attainment FOM 1.9
Management: Science or Art? ,[object Object],[object Object],Management is both art and science.  Management has got two faces like a coin; on one side it is art and on the other it is science. Management has got scientific principles which constitute the elements of Science and Skills and talent which are attributes of Art.
Principles of Management
Fayol’s Principles of Management   Henri Fayol (1841-1925) He has proposed that there are six primary functions of management and 14 principles of management, Forecasting, Planning, Organizing, Commanding, Coordinating, controlling There are 14 Principles of Management described by Henri Fayol.
1. Division of Labor ,[object Object],2. Authority & Responsibility Authority refers to the right of superiors to get exactness from their sub-ordinates. Responsibility means obligation for the performance of the job assigned.  Note that responsibility arises wherever authority is exercised 14 Principles of Henri Fayol
4. Unity of Direction ,[object Object],[object Object],14 Principles of Henri Fayol Cont’d 3. Unity of Command A sub-ordinate should receive orders and be accountable to one and only one boss at a time.  He should not receive instructions from more than one person
5. Equity ,[object Object],[object Object],6. Order This principle is concerned with proper & systematic arrangement of things and people.  Arrangement of things is called material order and placement of people is called social order.  14 Principles of Henri Fayol Cont’d
7. Discipline ,[object Object],[object Object],8. Initiative Initiative means eagerness to initiate actions without being asked to do so. Management should provide opportunity to its employees to suggest ideas, experiences& new method of work.  14 Principles of Henri Fayol Cont’d
9. Remuneration ,[object Object],[object Object],10. Stability of Tenure Employees should not be moved frequently from one job position to another i.e. the period of service in a job should be fixed.  14 Principles of Henri Fayol Cont’d
11. Scalar Chain ,[object Object],[object Object],12. Sub-ordination of Individual  Interest to common goal An organization is much bigger than the individual it constitutes therefore interest of the undertaking should prevail in all circumstances.  The interests of any one employee or group of employees should not take precedence over the interests of the organization as a whole. 14 Principles of Henri Fayol Cont’d
13. Espirit De’ Corps  ,[object Object],[object Object],14. Centralization   Centralization refers to the degree to which subordinates are involved in decision making. Whether decision making is centralized (to management) or decentralized (to subordinates) is a question of proper proportion. The task is to find the optimum degree of centralization for each situation. 14 Principles of Henri Fayol Cont’d
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Basics of Management
Organization Organizations  are groups of people, with ideas and resources, working toward common goals. OR A systematic arrangement of people brought together to accomplish some specific purpose is called organization. People Deliberate Structure Distinct Purpose Characteristics of Organization
Manager ,[object Object],[object Object]
Managerial skills Managerial Skills ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Managerial skills Cont’d ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Managerial skills Cont’d ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Managerial skills Cont’d ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Skill distribution at various management levels
Roles of manager  Role: a set of expectation for one’s behavior ,[object Object],Roles of Manager ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Roles of manager Cont’d ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Roles of manager Cont’d ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Roles of manager Cont’d ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Functions of management Planning 1 Planning  is the process of setting goals, and charting the best way of action for achieving the goals. This function also includes, considering the various steps to be taken to encourage the necessary levels of change and innovation.  Organizing 2 Organizing is the process of allocating and arranging work, authority and  resources, to the members of the organization so that they can successfully execute the plans.  Staffing 3 A: Staffing is the process of filling the positions in the organization and keeping them filled. B: Staffing is the process of recruiting and selecting the right person for the right job at the right time in the right place. Leading 4 Leading involves directing, influencing and motivating employees to perform essential tasks. This function involves display of leadership qualities, different leadership styles, different influencing powers, with excellent abilities of  communication and  motivation.  Controlling 5 Controlling is the process of devising various checks to ensure that planned performance is actually achieved. It involves ensuring that actual activities conform to the planned activities. Monitoring the financial statements,  checking the cash registers to avoid overdraft etc., form part of this process.
Levels of management ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Levels of management Non- Managerial Employees First-Line Management Foreman, Supervisors, Office Managers Middle Management Plant Managers, Division Managers, Department Managers Top Management President, CEO, Executive Vice Presidents
Planning Planning Planning Organizing Organizing Organizing Staffing Staffing Staffing Directing Controlling Directing Directing Controlling Controlling Top Managers Middle Managers First-Line Managers Least Important Most Important Importance of management functions to managers in each level

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Chap 1 introduction to management

  • 1. Principles of Management CHAPTER 1: Definition ,Principles and Basics of Management By: Rafiullah Sherzad Lecturer, Kardan Institute of Higher Education
  • 2.
  • 3.
  • 4.
  • 6.
  • 7.
  • 8.
  • 9.
  • 10. Efficiency and Effectiveness Goals Low Waste High Attainment Means Efficiency Ends Effectiveness Resource Usage Goal Attainment FOM 1.9
  • 11.
  • 13. Fayol’s Principles of Management Henri Fayol (1841-1925) He has proposed that there are six primary functions of management and 14 principles of management, Forecasting, Planning, Organizing, Commanding, Coordinating, controlling There are 14 Principles of Management described by Henri Fayol.
  • 14.
  • 15.
  • 16.
  • 17.
  • 18.
  • 19.
  • 20.
  • 21.
  • 23. Organization Organizations are groups of people, with ideas and resources, working toward common goals. OR A systematic arrangement of people brought together to accomplish some specific purpose is called organization. People Deliberate Structure Distinct Purpose Characteristics of Organization
  • 24.
  • 25.
  • 26.
  • 27.
  • 28.
  • 29. Skill distribution at various management levels
  • 30.
  • 31.
  • 32.
  • 33.
  • 34. Functions of management Planning 1 Planning is the process of setting goals, and charting the best way of action for achieving the goals. This function also includes, considering the various steps to be taken to encourage the necessary levels of change and innovation. Organizing 2 Organizing is the process of allocating and arranging work, authority and resources, to the members of the organization so that they can successfully execute the plans. Staffing 3 A: Staffing is the process of filling the positions in the organization and keeping them filled. B: Staffing is the process of recruiting and selecting the right person for the right job at the right time in the right place. Leading 4 Leading involves directing, influencing and motivating employees to perform essential tasks. This function involves display of leadership qualities, different leadership styles, different influencing powers, with excellent abilities of communication and motivation. Controlling 5 Controlling is the process of devising various checks to ensure that planned performance is actually achieved. It involves ensuring that actual activities conform to the planned activities. Monitoring the financial statements, checking the cash registers to avoid overdraft etc., form part of this process.
  • 35.
  • 36. Levels of management Non- Managerial Employees First-Line Management Foreman, Supervisors, Office Managers Middle Management Plant Managers, Division Managers, Department Managers Top Management President, CEO, Executive Vice Presidents
  • 37. Planning Planning Planning Organizing Organizing Organizing Staffing Staffing Staffing Directing Controlling Directing Directing Controlling Controlling Top Managers Middle Managers First-Line Managers Least Important Most Important Importance of management functions to managers in each level

Editor's Notes

  1. 8
  2. 21
  3. 4