Identifying Similarities and Differences ~ Research based strategies to support learning
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Why is it important to use research based strategies to support learning? The ability to break a concept into its similar and dissimilar characteristics allows students to understand (and often solve) complex problems by analyzing them in a more simple way. (Marzano)
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Identifying Similarities and Differences ~ Research based strategies to support learning
- 1. Identifying Similarities and Differences Heather Moyer
- 2. Identifying similarities and differences Students should compare, classify, and create metaphors, analogies and non-linguistic or graphic representations
- 3. Identifying similarities and differences Teachers should provoke the thinking process with QARs Question/Answer/Relationship
- 4. Identifying similarities and differences Better Instruction, Deeper Learning, Higher Achievement
- 5. Identifying similarities and differences How can I deepen student understanding?
- 6. Identifying similarities and differences Review of previous leaning can strengthen learning and lead to fluent recall.
- 7. Identifying similarities and differences Rehearse and connect knowledge.
- 8. Identifying similarities and differences
- 9. Identifying similarities and differences
- 10. Identifying similarities and differences Why Analogies? • Examples can help • Analogies from a different (known) context can help • It's fun
- 11. Identifying similarities and differences
- 12. References Dean, C. B., Stone, B., Hubbell, E., & Pitler, H. (2012). Classroom instruction that works: Research-based strategies for increasing student achievement (2nd ed.). Alexandria, VA Felder, R. M., Brent, R. (2005, January). Understanding Student Differences. Journal of Engineering Education. http://www4.ncsu.edu/unity/lockers/users/f/felder/public/Papers/Understanding_Differences. pdf Fries-Gaither, J. (2008, March). Activities for Identifying Similarities and Differences. Beyond Penguins and Polar Bears. Ohio: Ohio State University . http://beyondpenguins.ehe.osu.edu/issue/a-sense-of-place/activities-for-identifying-similarities- and-differences International Reading Association. (n.d.). Meeting the Needs of Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Students. IRA Commission on RTI. IRA. http://www.reading.org/Libraries/resources/RTIDiversity.pdf KidBibs http://www.kidbibs.com/learningtips/lt26.htm
Editor's Notes
- Why is it important to use research based strategies to support learning? The ability to break a concept into its similar and dissimilar characteristics allows students to understand (and often solve) complex problems by analyzing them in a more simple way. (Marzano)
- What does the research say about the effectiveness of Identifying similarities and differences? Teachers can either directly present similarities and differences, accompanied by deep discussion and inquiry, or simply ask students to identify similarities and differences on their own. While teacher-directed activities focus on identifying specific items, student directed activities encourage variation and broaden understanding,. Research also notes that graphic forms are a good way to represent similarities and differences. (Marzano)
- Everybody agrees that what teachers do in the classroom matters deeply; classroom instruction has more impact on student learning than any other factor.
- Research-based strategies like “Identifying similarities and differences”. Multiple styles of teaching leads to greater retention, deeper comprehension, and higher achievement scores.
- How does identifying similarities maximize learning for ALL students? Students have different levels of motivation, different attitudes about teaching and learning, and different responses to specific classroom environments and instructional practices. (Felder, Brent)
- Go on to hands-on activities after basic material is learned, comparing and contrasting knowledge.
- Venn Diagram. A Venn diagram consists of two overlapping concentric circles. One circle is labeled with one item to be compared, such as "insects." The other circle is labeled with the other item to be compared such as "spiders." Through observation, discussion, and perhaps reading, the children learn how insects and spiders are similar and different. The words that describe insects only are written in the outer part of the insect circle. The words that describe only spiders are written in the outer part of the spider circle. The words in the outer parts of the circles should focus on how insects and spiders are different. Words that describe how insects and spiders are similar/alike should be written in the "shared" overlapping area of the two circles. Venn diagrams provide a good, graphic way to help children conceptualize similarities and differences between items. This makes it an excellent strategy for promoting discussion in class and a good strategy for helping children learn comparisons when studying for tests. (KidBibs)
- Data Chart. A data chart can be used to guide student silent reading or to assist students in conducting research. Giving them a copy of a data chart before they read helps the student focus his/her attention while reading. While s/he is reading, s/he can write down the information in the "boxes." The following data chart would help learners compare Canada, the United States, and Mexico in relation to the categories on the left side of the chart. (KidBibs)
- Analogy Strategy. The analogy strategy uses comparison to help children learn new information. This strategy relates the new information to something that the students already understand. The following example shows how a child's experiences with an orange can help him/her learn about the layers of the earth. The teacher could even peel an orange while sharing this analogy to help children conceptualize the information. (KidBibs)