Networking Technology Transformation to SDN and NFV, compiled for PNUP Makassar and STIKOM Balikpapan, Feb 2015

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Networking Technology
Transformation to
SDN and NFV
Himawan Nugroho!
Compiled for PNUP Makassar and STIKOM Balikpapan!

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The Internet

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The Way We Live, Work, Play and Learn
“The Internet is literally changing
every aspect of our lives. Its
impact is no longer confined to
just business. The Internet is
pervasive and its impact is
being felt in the way people
work, live, play and learn.”
John Chambers,
Comdex Tradeshow 1999

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By 2017, mobile data
traffic per month will reach
11.2 EBs
13-fold growth
By 2017, there will be
more than 10.3
billion total
mobile-ready devices
There will be
more than 1.7
billion
machine-to-
machine
By 2017, two-
thirds of the
world’s mobile
data traffic will
be video
Source: Cisco Visual Networking Index 2012
World Has Finally Gone Mobile

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Network Transformation Driven by IP, Cloud, Video, Mobility and the Internet of Everything
IP
Traffic
Global IP traffic
will grow 3X to
1.4 zettabytes
annually by
2017
Cloud
Global cloud
traffic will grow
6X by 2016
4G Mobile
Adoption
4G will account
for 45% of
global mobile
data traffic
Video
By 2017, the
world will reach
3 trillion Internet
video minutes
per month
M2M
Trillions of new
“connected
events” will
occur over IP
networks
throughout the
next decade

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TDM Era
§ TDM rigidity limits new
services, forces architectural
shift
§ Voice Centric
§ Defined by reliability
IP NGN Era
§ Commoditization of IP
services plus high traffic
growth limits profitability
§ Network migration to multi-
service transport & a single
protocol
§ Data Centric
§ Defined by convergence and
scale
§ Move into an applications centric service environment
§ Take advantage of the shift from static connectivity to virtualized
service creation
§ EPN becomes the flexible network fabric linking data centers with
SP networks
§ Application centric
§ Defined as programmatic and dynamic
Edge
Acces
s/ Agg
IP Core
DS0, DS1,
DS3 Muxs
Frame
Relay
X.25
SMDS
PSTN
QAM
ISDN
ATM
Orchestrated with Self-service
App & Network Interaction
Well-known Programmatic Interfaces
Autonomic, with Control & Visibility
Open & Pluggable
Configurable
Apps Independent of Network
Command Line Interface
Managed
Proprietary
Managed
Configurable
Apps Independent of Network
Command Line Interface
Proprietary
EVOLVED PROGRAMMABLE NETWORK
IPv6
EVOLVED SERVICES PLATFORM
APPLICATIONS

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Service
Orchestration
NFV
SDN
SDN – Open and Programmable at all Layers
Simplify / Reduce Complexity
NFV – Elastic Resource Capacity
Reduce Total Costs Across all Services
Service Orchestration – Customized Delivery
Automation / Accelerate Time to Revenue
BUSINESS
AGILITY
OPERATIONAL
SIMPLICITY
MONETIZATION¥£
€$

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Cisco’s Open Network Environment
Network APIs (REST) and Services Catalog
Orchestration
Multi-Layer Control, Service Chaining and Policy Enforcement
Controllers, Collectors
onePK, OpenFlow, PCEP, Netconf/YANG, BGP-LS, GMPLS
nLight
IP+Optical
Virtualized Infrastructure
Programming and Managing of Virtual Resources
Physical Infrastructure
Programming and Managing of Physical Resources
Network Function Virtualization
Part of ESP and EPN (Network, Storage, Compute)
CRSASR 9000
ASR 9XX
NCS2000
Virtual PEVirtualized
IOS-XR
VMCisco nV
vGiLAN
VM
vFirewall
VM
vDPI
VM
vNAT
VM
vBNG
VM
vDDoS
VM
vSLB
VM
NCS4000 NCS6000
ME Series
Orchestration WAE
Quantum PS
ESP Cloud
Orchestration
Nexus
UCS
Cisco EPN
System
Architecture

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Software defined networking (SDN) is an approach to
computer networking that allows network administrators
to manage network services through abstraction of
lower-level functionality
What is SDN?
(per Wikipedia definition)

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SDN

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Control and data
plane reside within
the physical device

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In SDN paradigm, not all processing happens inside the same device
Control Plane is
separated from the
physical device

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Stanford University – Clean Slate Project
“…explore what kind of Internet we would design if we were to start with a
clean slate and 20-30 years of hindsight.”
http://cleanslate.stanford.edu/

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… Clean Slate led to the development of…

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OpenFlow
Software
Defined
Networking
APIs
I2RS
BGP-
LS
Virtual
Overlays
PCEP
However, the important
point to keep in mind
that OpenFlow does
not equal to SDN.

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OpenFlow is a communications protocol that
gives access to the forwarding plane of a
network switch or router over the network
What is Openflow?
(per Wikipedia definition)

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• Controller – resides on a server
and provides control plane
function for the network
• OpenFlow Agent – resides on a
network devices and fulfill
requests from the Controller
• Northbound APIs – enable
applications to interface with the
Controller
• OpenFlow Protocol – the Layer 2
protocol that the Controller and
Agents use to communicate

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Over the years…
“Traditional” network paradigm
has remained mostly intact…

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Something
happened,
though, on July
23, 2012
that challenged
the paradigm…

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$1.05 Billion Cash
+ $210 Million in stock
+

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“SDN” gained massive industry mindshare

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• Automation / Optimization
• Scalable Multi-tenancy
• Application Mobility
• Networking
Research
• Monetizable
Services, SLAs
• Optimized WAN
Infrastructure
• Provisioning /
Config. Mgmt
Separation of Control Plane and Data Plane Only Does Not Solve All the Issues!
Deep Programmability
via SDN Controller &
OpenFlow Switches
Deep Programmability
Provisionable
Infrastructure
Provisionable Infrastructure
Deep Programmability
Network Overlays
Data Center: MSDC / SPDC / Cloud Research/Academia Service Provider WAN Enterprise

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“A platform for developing
new control planes”“An open solution for VM
mobility in the Data-Center”
“An open solution for customized flow forwarding
control in and between Data Centers”
“A means to do
traffic engineering
without MPLS”
“A way to
scale my
firewalls and
load
balancers”
“A solution to build a very large scale
layer-2 network”
“A way to build my own
security/encryption solution”
“A way to reduce the
CAPEX of my network
and leverage commodity
switches”
“A way to optimize broadcast TV delivery
by optimizing cache placement and
cache selection”
“A means to scale my fixed/mobile
gateways and optimize
their placement”
“A solution to build virtual
topologies with optimum
multicast forwarding behavior”
“A way to optimize link utilization in my network
enhanced, application driven routing”
“A means to get assured
quality of experience for
my cloud service offerings”
“A way to distribute policy/intent, e.g.
for DDoS prevention, in the network”
“A way to configure my entire network
as a whole rather than individual
devices”
“A solution to get a global view of the
network – topology and state”
“Develop solutions at software speeds: I don’t
want to work with my network vendor or go
through lengthy standardization.”
Simplified Operations – Enhanced Agility – New Business Opportunities
“A solution to automated network
configuration and control”
“We already have software driven network,
is that what you mean by SDN?”

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Control Plane
Data Plane
Controller
Data Plane
Applications
Vendor-
specific APIs
OpenFlow,
PCEP,
I2RS
2a Pure SDN
Vendor
Specific
(e.g. onePK)
Controller
Data Plane
Applications
Vendor-
specific APIs
OpenFlow,
PCEP,
I2RS
Control Plane
2b Hybrid SDN
Applications
Virtual Switch
Overlays
Overlay
Protocols
(e.g. VXLAN)
Vendor-
specific APIs
3 Overlays Networks
Control Plane
Data Plane
Overlays
Vendor-
specific APIs
Applications
1 Programmable APIs
Control Plane
Data Plane
Vendor
Specific
(e.g. onePK) Vendor
Specific
(e.g. onePK)
CLI,
SNMP,
Netflow,
…
Applications
(Network Mgmt,
Monitoring, …)

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Unique Data Forwarding Algorithm Highly Optimized
for the Network Operator’s Application
ISR Pricing
Route A Route B
$1
$2
$3
$1
$2
$3
2
3
App
1
Route A
onePK
Destination
Route B

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Application Frameworks, Management Systems, Controllers, ...
Device
Forwarding
Control
Network
Services
Orchestra8on
Management
“Protocols”
onePK
API
&
Agent
Infrastructure
…
…
I2RS
PCEP
Neutron*
OpenFlow
OpenFlow
Agent
OMI
Chef
Chef
Agent
Puppet
BGP-­‐LS
onePK
Opera8ng
Systems
–
IOS
/
IOS-­‐XE
/
NX-­‐OS
/
IOS-­‐XR
BGP
Diameter
Radius
…
Puppet
Agent
OMI
Agent
Neutron*
Agent
BGP-­‐LS
Agent
PCEP
Agent
I2RS
Agent
*a.k.a. Quantum

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Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) is a network
architecture concept that proposes using IT virtualization
related technologies to virtualize entire classes of
network node functions into building blocks that may be
connected, or chained, to create communication services
What is NFV?
(per Wikipedia definition)

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Apps & Open
Innovation SDN
NFV
Network infrastructure Services to run on Virtualized compute platforms
Key Enabler: using cloud technology to
support network functions
Hypervisor and cloud computing technology
x86 compute hardware
Network automation / orchestration
Benefits:
Reduction in CAPEX and OPEX
Faster service provisioning
Service agility
SDN is complementary, but not
mandatory – APIs, Controllers

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NAT
VM
Firewall
VM
SBC
VM
dDOS
VM
Virus Scan
VM
IPS
VM
DPI
VM
CGN
VM
Portal
VM
PCRF
VM
DNS
VM
DHCP
VM
BRAS
VM
SDN Ctrl.
VM
RaaS
VM
WLC
VM
WAAS
VM
CDN
VM
Caching
VM
NMS
VM
From Cabling to Service
Chaining
Simple Logistics &
Common Sparing
Dynamic & Elastic
Scale
Service provisioning
from days to minutes
Seamless Integration with IP
NGN

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x86 vs. Custom NPU
• e.g. IPv6/v4, MPLS, VPNs, Optical
• High throughput / BW
• Stateless functions
• Mostly predictable traffic
• Many flows needing isolation, significant
traffic management needed
• Interface-specific functions (2-stage
forwarding)
Network
Forwarding
(L0-3)
• e.g. DPI, FW, CGN, BNG, Mobility S/PGW,
AAA, DNS, DDOS
• Low to Med Throughput
• Stateful functions
• Unpredictable traffic
• # of flows (traffic management) – varies
• No interface-specific functions
Network
Services
(L4+)
Better fit for NPU
Compute
Bandwidth
Better fit for x86
(Virtualization)
Compute
Bandwidth
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Virtual Route Reflector
Primary
RR
Secondary
RR
IPv4
IPv6
VPNv4
VPLS
Wide Area Network
8 RR chassis
2 Server Chassis
1 RR per VM
Primary
Server
Secondary
Server
IPv4
IPv6
VPNv4
VPLS
IPv4
IPv6
VPNv4
IPv6
Better fit for x86
Compute
Bandwidth
Wide Area Network
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(MANO)
Virtualized Network
Function, actual NF
application (ex.
vFR, vCPE,vLB)
Traditional Element
Manager
Virtualisation layer,
Server
(hypervisor),
Network, Storage
Physical
hardware
Resource Mgr,
Operations
Lifecycle mgmt for
VFNs (upgrade,
scale, termination,
etc.)
Orchestration of
overall solution
deployment templates,
forwarding graph, service-
related information
OSS (CMDB,
Montoring, Alarming,
IPAM/DNS/DHCP)
BSS (CRM, Billing,
Order Mgmt)

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NFV
Network functions and software running
on any open standards-based hardware
Orchestration
Automation, provisioning and interworking of
physical and virtual resources
Service
Orchestration
NFVSDN
SDN
Separation of control and data plane
Technology & Innovation Trend

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World without borders…
For Skilled Workforce!

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“SDN and NFV are leveling the playing field,
everyone including newbie now
has the same chance to compete and
innovate in computer networking”
Himawan Nugroho

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Questions?